Assessment of phloem mobility of xenobiotics in Triticum aestivum and Brachypodium distachyon

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Zhivotovsky Castello ◽  
Andrew J. Bowling ◽  
Gerrit Deboer ◽  
Yelena Adelfinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Developing Seed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Phloem Mobility

Due to evolved resistance and environmental regulations, there is a particular need in the agricultural market for a new graminicide. An essential requirement of a novel, foliar applied graminicide is sufficient phloem mobility in the plant to reach meristematic tissues for the expression of activity leading to the desired control of unwanted vegetative growth. A robust and reliable phloem bioassay utilising a monocot species is highly desirable for early stage experimental compounds. Vascular tissues and translocation patterns of organic compounds in purple false brome (Brachypodium distachyon L. P. Beauv.), a model organism for temperate grasses, were studied and compared with those of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Microscopic studies with tracer dyes were used to determine if B. distachyon has a xylem discontinuity between the developing seed and the rachilla xylem, the same as found in T. aestivum. Based on 14C-radiolabelled and non-radiolabelled studies using known xylem and phloem mobile pesticidal compounds, there was a significant difference in the amount of the xylem mobile compounds in the chaff and stem as compared with the phloem mobile compounds found in the grain. The findings described in this report show a clear evidence of xylem discontinuity in B. distachyon, and provide a novel system for a rapid screening of phloem mobility of herbicides in monocot species.

The Chromosomal Control of Leaf Characteristics of Early-Stage Plants in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-dong LI ◽  
Zhi-ying BAI ◽  
G Ye ◽  
M Miyagi ◽  
S Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Characteristics

Development of a deletion and genetic linkage map for the 5A and 5B chromosomes of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gadaleta ◽  
A. Giancaspro ◽  
S.L. Giove ◽  
S. Zacheo ◽  
O. Incerti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Chromosome 5A

The aims of the present study were to provide deletion maps for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) chromosomes 5A and 5B and a detailed genetic map of chromosome 5A enriched with popular microsatellite markers, which could be compared with other existing maps and useful for mapping major genes and quantitative traits loci (QTL). Physical mapping of 165 gSSR and EST–SSR markers was conducted by amplifying each primer pair on Chinese Spring, aneuploid lines, and deletion lines for the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population that is recombinant for only chromosome 5A was obtained by crossing the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and the disomic substitution line Chinese Spring-5A dicoccoides and was used to develop a genetic linkage map of chromosome 5A. A total of 67 markers were found polymorphic between the parental lines and were mapped in the RIL population. Sixty-three loci and the Q gene were clustered in three linkage groups ordered at a minimum LOD score of 5, while four loci remained unlinked. The whole genetic 5A chromosome map covered 420.2 cM, distributed among three linkage groups of 189.3, 35.4, and 195.5 cM. The EST sequences located on chromosomes 5A and 5B were used for comparative analysis against Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. and rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genomes to resolve orthologous relationships among the genomes of wheat and the two model species.

scholarly journals Effect of high temperature on early stage of grain filling period in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Myung Kyu Oh ◽  
Jong Nae Hyun ◽  
Kyeong Hoon Kim ◽  
Jin Baek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Period

scholarly journals EVALUATION BREAD WHEAT PURE LINES UNDER EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND IT, S COMPONENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baktash & Naes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Plot Design

This research was carried out at the Swerah Research Station –Office of Agricultural Researches Ministry of Agriculture, during 2014-2015 season. The objective of this research was to evaluation 15 pure lines (Triticum aestivum L.). genotypes ,the seventh generation developed by half dialled method between 6 parents. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates ,The main plots were four seeding rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 ), while the 21 genotypes occupied sub plots .The two pure lines S97 and S148 out yielded other genotypes except A4.10 and Abu-Ghraib in grain yield which, produced 6.35 and 6.09 t.ha-1, respecting .increasing seeding rates caused to increase in number of spikes .plant-1 and flag leaves angle. Significant difference were found among genotypes due to seeding rate.The pure line S148 ,using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate produced highest grain yield (7.49 t.ha-1) which did not differed from using A4.10 under 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 seeding rate. It was recommended to certify the pure line S148  using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate for cultivation at central of Iraq.

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Varieties in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p80
Author(s):  
Berhanu Meles ◽  
Chekole Nigus ◽  
Atsede Teklu ◽  
Yonas G Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variety Selection

Participatory variety selection trials were conducted in 2018 G.C in Laelay-maichew, Tahtay-maichew and Ahferom districts of central zone of Tigrai to evaluate the performance of improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Variety and to assess farmers’ criteria for bread wheat variety selection. Six improved bread wheat varieties (Mekelle-1, Mekelle-2, Ogolcho, Kingbird and Hedasse) including the most popular variety ‘Kakaba’ were used for the study at eighteen farmers (six from each district). The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design at baby trial with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the tested varieties for most of the agronomic traits except for kernels per spike and harvest index in all the tested locations. In the preference ranking, farmers used their own traits of interest which were very important in their wheat varieties for selection. Hence, common criteria’s identified by the farmers to select the best varieties were; grain yield, biomass yield, earliness, disease resistance, spike length and seed size. Accordingly direct matrix ranking by farmers showed that Ogolcho was top ranked both at L/maichew and Ahferom followed by Kakaba, however Mekelle-1 was first ranked followed by Kakaba at T/maichew.  Therefore farmers of L/maichew and Ahferom were recommended to use Ogolcho and Kakaba, whereas Mekelle-1 was recommended for T/maichew.

scholarly journals Study of The Effect of Salt Stress and Kinetin and Their Interaction on The Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
Zahra Hussein Al-Khafaji ◽  
Fouad Razzaq Al-Burki
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A field experiment was conducted at the first station of the College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna for the agricultural season 2020-2021, with the aim of studying the effect of treatment with salinity stress and kinetin on the growth and yield of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar of Bohooth 22. The experiment was applied by split plates design using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three Replicators of 36 experimental units The main units included levels of irrigation water salinity (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) ds/m, while the secondary units included levels of kinetin (0, 30, 60 Ppm). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the salinity of the high irrigation water in most growth traits such as plant height, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant−1, spike length (cm) and number of days to physiological maturity (day) at a rate of (.5473, 14.912, 3.222, 9.176, 143.67) respectively, and the traits of the yield and its components represented by the number of spikes. m2, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains (gm), grain yield (ton ha−1) and biological yield (ton ha−1) at a rate of (300.06, 35.39, 31.60, 3.52, 9.46) respectively, while soaking the seeds with kinetin led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits. Thus, we conclude that salt stress has a negative role on the growth stages of the vegetative plant, and this leads to the reduction of the yield and its components.

WATER IMBIBITION RATE OF WHEAT KERNELS AS AFFECTED BY KERNEL COLOR, WEATHER DAMAGE, AND METHOD OF THRESHING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
R. M. DePAUW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Wheat Kernels ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The rate of water imbibition by wheat kernels may be related to preharvest sprouting damage and tempering times during milling. The effects of kernel color and exposure to weather damage on water imbibition rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels, and the effects of field vs. oven drying and hand vs. mechanial threshing on water uptake rate of HY320 wheat and Welsh triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) were investigated. Rates of imbibition were determined by sequential weighings over a 32-h period of 50-kernel samples imbibing water from agar media. In HY320 wheat, the rate was faster for mechanically threshed (0.0117 g g−1 h−1) than for hand-threshed (0.0115 g g−1 h−1) samples. Threshing method did not affect imbibition rate of Welsh triticale kernels (average 0.0141 g g−1 h−1). Rate of germination was significantly greater for mechanically threshed than for hand-threshed Welsh, but there was no significant difference for HY320. Method of drying did not affect kernel water imbibition rate. Rate of imbibition was faster in nonweathered than in weathered wheat (0.0136 vs. 0.0130 g g−1 h−1). In five wheat crosses involving white and red kernel color, rate of water imbibition was not associated with the allele for kernel color. Rate was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = 0.49**, n = 49) and kernel hardness (r = −0.29*) in the five crosses, and positively correlated with protein content (r = 0.44**). Other undetermined factors accounted for the major part of the genotypic differences in rate of imbibition.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., X-Triticosecale Wittmack, windrowing, kernel water imbibition rate, germination rate

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN GANDUM (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETAS DEWATA DALAM POLYBAG PADA BERBAGAI POPULASI DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM

Agric ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nugraheni Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Studies on the growth and yield performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. variety of Dewata) planted in polybag with various populations and media compositions, had been conducted in Faculty of Agriculture Satya Wacana Christian University field research, located at Salaran – Kopeng village, Semarang district, from April 2012 to August 2012. Location of the study lies at an altitude of 900 meters above the sea level. Purpose of this study were to determine the appearance of both the growth and yield of wheat grown in polybag with a various population densities and media composition, as well as to determine the combination of treatments that producing the highest yield of wheat. Factorial design used that was consisted of two factors, i.e: (1) growing gedia composition with four different volume ratio of sand, soil and manure (1:1:1), (1:1:0), (1:0:1) and (0:1:1), and (2) population densities consisted of four: 1 seeds per polybag; 2 seeds per polybag; 3 seeds per polybag and 4 seeds per polybag, so that there were 16 combinations of treatments. Each combination was repeated three times. Basic design of the experiments used Randomized Block Design. Experimental data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and high significant difference (HSD) test at 95% level of confidence. The conclusion of this study were: (1) Combination of treatment of population densities and composition of  growing media influence on plant height, number of plants per cluster, panicle length, seed weight per panicle, seed weight per cluster and seed weight per polybag and (2) the highest seed weight per polybag was resulted in the density of population of 4 seeds per polybag and planting on mixed media of sand, soil and manure in the volume ratio of 1:1:1.</p>

A COMPARISON OF CORN, GLENLEA, PITIC 62, AND NEEPAWA WHEATS IN BROILER DIETS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Protein Diets

A factorial experiment lasting 4 wk and using day-old broiler crossbreds was conducted to compare corn (Zea mays), Glenlea, Pitic 62, and Neepawa wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as ingredients in broiler diets. Four levels of protein (calculated at 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, and 24%) were used with each of the four grains. Each of the 16 diets was fed to 4 replicates of 10 chicks each. The diets were so formulated that at all four protein levels protein from wheat made up a higher percent of the total dietary protein than did protein from corn in the corn diets. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) in 4-wk body weight due to dietary protein levels, which resulted from chicks fed the 18% protein diet having lower body weights than chicks fed the other three protein levels. The grain source also significantly (P < 0.01) affected growth, with corn and Pitic 62 being inferior to Glenlea and Neepawa. The level of protein was the only criterion that significantly (P < 0.01) influenced feed-to-gain ratio, the 18% protein diets giving the poorest efficiency.

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