Lipid remodelling plays an important role in wheat (Triticum aestivum) hypoxia stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Xu ◽  
Rui Pan ◽  
Meixue Zhou ◽  
Yanhao Xu ◽  
Wenying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Hypoxia Stress ◽  
Phosphatidic Acids ◽  
Hypoxia Treatment ◽  
Lower Expression

Membrane lipid remodelling is one of the strategies that plants have developed to combat abiotic stress. In this study, physiological, lipidomic and proteome analyses were conducted to investigate the changes in glycerolipid and phospholipid concentrations in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars CIGM90.863 and Seri M82 under hypoxia treatment. The growth of CIGM90.863 remained unaffected, whereas Seri M82 was significantly stunted after 8 days of hypoxia treatment. The concentrations of all lipids except lysophosphatidylglycerol were significantly higher in the leaves of Seri M82 than in CIGM90.863 under normal growth conditions. The lipid profile changed significantly under hypoxia stress and varied between genotypes for some of the lipids. Phosphatidic acids remained unchanged in Seri M82 but they were gradually induced in CIGM90.863 in response to hypoxia stress because of the higher phospholipase D expression and lower expression of diglycerol kinase and phosphatidate phosphatases. In contrast, digalactosyldiacylglycerol content was highly stable in CIGM90.863 following hypoxia treatment, although it decreased significantly in Seri M82. Phosphatidylglycerol and lipoxygenase showed a stronger and faster response in CIGM90.863 than in Seri M82 under hypoxia stress. Different membrane lipid adjustments in wheat under oxygen deficiency conditions could be partly responsible for the differing tolerance of Seri M82 and CIGM90.863. This study will help us to better understand how wheat tolerates hypoxia stress by regulating lipid remodelling.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in Triticum aestivum L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Danuše Tarkowská ◽  
Barbara Drygaś
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.

Application of natural and synthetic polyamines as growth regulators to improve the freezing tolerance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Todorova ◽  
I. Sergiev ◽  
V. Alexieva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Weight Losses

Wheat cultivars were grown as soil culture under normal growth conditions. Twoweek- old seedlings were exposed to 4°C for 6 h and then transferred to −12°C for 24 h in the dark. Twenty-four hours before freezing stress, some of the plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of spermine, spermidine, putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP) and diethylenetriamine (DETA). The data showed that freezing stress caused a decrease in the fresh weight, chlorophyll content and plant survival rate, accompanied by a simultaneous accumulation of free proline and the enhanced leakage of electrolytes. Preliminary treatment with polyamines caused a decline in electrolyte leakage and a considerable augmentation in proline quantity, indicating that the compounds are capable of preventing frost injury. Additionally, the foliar application of polyamines retarded the destruction of chlorophyll, and lessened fresh weight losses due to freezing stress. The synthetic triamine DETA was the most effective, having the most pronounced action in all the experiments, followed by the tetraamine spermine. The application of polyamines to wheat crops could be a promising approach for improving plant growth under unfavourable growth conditions, including freezing temperatures. The results demonstrate that treatment with polyamines could protect winter wheat by reducing the stress injuries caused by subzero temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus and manganese nutrition on yield and uptake of nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum) in alluvial soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
OM PAL SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Manganese Nutrition ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is the most important food grain crop among cereals and stands next only to rice in our country. It is an exhaustive crop which requires the major and micronutrients in adequate amounts for higher production. Wheat is quite responsive to phosphorus (Singh at al. 2020) and manganese (Singh and Patra, 2017) which plays important role in growth and development. Phosphorus is an important nutrient needed for normal growth and development of the plants. It plays an important role in energy transformation and metabolic processes in plants. Manganese plays a role in the synthesis of chlorophyll. Manganese deficiency occurs in well drained light textured soils with neutral or alkaline in reaction. Studies have indicated both synergistic and antagonisticrelationship between P and Mn but their relationship depends on their rate of application and crop species. Hence, an attempt was made to study the response of wheat to P and Mn nutrition in an alluvial soil.

Modelling photosynthesis in flag leaves of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) considering the variation in photosynthesis parameters during development

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsong Sun ◽  
Jindong Sun ◽  
Zhaozhong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Parameter Values

The Farquhar–von Caemmerer–Berry (FvCB) model of photosynthesis has been widely used to estimate the photosynthetic C flux of plants under different growth conditions. However, the seasonal fluctuation of some photosynthesis parameters (e.g. the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and internal mesophyll conductance to CO2 transport (gm)) is not considered in the FvCB model. In this study, we investigated the patterns of the FvCB parameters during flag leaf development based on measured photosynthesis–intercellular CO2 curves in two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Parameterised seasonal patterns of photosynthesis parameters in the FvCB model have subsequently been applied in order to predict the photosynthesis of flag leaves. The results indicate that the Gaussian curve characterises the dynamic patterns of Vcmax, Jmax and gm well. Compared with the model with fixed photosynthesis parameter values, updating the FvCB model by considering seasonal changes in Vcmax and Jmax during flag leaf development slightly improved predictions of photosynthesis. However, if the updated FvCB model incorporated the seasonal patterns of Vcmax and Jmax, and also of gm, predictions of photosynthesis was improved a lot, matching well with the measurements (R2 = 0.87, P < 0.0001). This suggests that the dynamics of photosynthesis parameters, particularly gm, play an important role in estimating the photosynthesis rate of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Cross-pollination in wheat Triticum aestivum L. and its wild relative Aegilops biuncialis Vis.

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
N. O. Kozub ◽  
I. O. Sozinov ◽  
H. Ya. Bidnyk ◽  
N. O. Demianova ◽  
Ya. B. Blume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Gli 1 ◽  
Single Seeds

Aim. The aim of the study was analysis of outcrossing indices in Triticum aestivum L. plants depending on growth conditions and in natural populations of its wild relative Aegilops biuncialis Vis. using storage proteins as genetic markers. Methods. SDS and APAG electrophoresis was used to identify genotypes at the Glu-1 and Gli-1 loci for single seeds from F2 plants of T. aestivum and in samples from natural populations of Ae. biuncialis. Results. In T. aestivum, significant differences in the frequency of cross-pollination were revealed, from 0.3 to 11 % depending on year’s conditions and the dose of the 1BL/1RS translocation. The high outcrossing rate was observed under low humidity and the absence of precipitations. The frequency of cross-pollination is, on average, 2.3 % in T. aestivum and 4.38 % in Ae. biuncialis. Conclusions. Differences in outcrossing indices between genotypes with different doses of 1BL/1RS are realized only in certain conditions: drought at moderate temperatures favors cross-pollination. The rate of outcrossing is similar in T. aestivum and Ae. biuncialis.Keywords: cross-pollination, Triticum aestivum L., Aegilops biuncialis Vis, storage proteins.

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