Improved reproductive growth of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under salinity is correlated with altered phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Guo ◽  
Chaoxia Lu ◽  
Fangcheng Zhao ◽  
Shuai Gao ◽  
Baoshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Flower Organs ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Phytohormones are essential for plant reproductive growth. Salinity limits crop reproductive growth and yield, but improves reproductive growth of euhalophytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying salinity’s effects on plant reproductive growth. To elucidate the role of plant hormones in flower development of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under saline conditions, we analysed endogenous gibberellic acid (GA3,4), indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) during flowering in control (0 mM) and NaCl-treated (200 mM) plants. At the end of vegetative growth, endogenous GA3, GA4, ABA and BR contents in stems of NaCl-treated plants were significantly higher than those in controls. During flowering, GA3, GA4, IAA and ZR contents showed the most significant enhancement in flower organs of plants treated with NaCl when compared with controls. Additionally, genes related to ZR, IAA, GA, BR and ABA biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, such as those encoding CYP735A, CYP85A, GID1, NCED, PIF4, AHP, TCH4, SnRK2 and ABF, were upregulated in S. salsa flowers from NaCl-treated plants. These results suggest that coordinated upregulation of genes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction contributes to the enhanced reproductive growth of S. salsa under salinity.

scholarly journals Sulfate-Induced Stomata Closure Requires the Canonical ABA Signal Transduction Machinery

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Rajab ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Mario Malagoli ◽  
Rüdiger Hell ◽  
Markus Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Cysteine Biosynthesis ◽  
Aba Signal Transduction ◽  
Cysteine Synthesis ◽  
Established Role ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the canonical trigger for stomatal closure upon abiotic stresses like drought. Soil-drying is known to facilitate root-to-shoot transport of sulfate. Remarkably, sulfate and sulfide—a downstream product of sulfate assimilation—have been independently shown to promote stomatal closure. For induction of stomatal closure, sulfate must be incorporated into cysteine, which triggers ABA biosynthesis by transcriptional activation of NCED3. Here, we apply reverse genetics to unravel if the canonical ABA signal transduction machinery is required for sulfate-induced stomata closure, and if cysteine biosynthesis is also mandatory for the induction of stomatal closure by the gasotransmitter sulfide. We provide genetic evidence for the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, RBOHD, and RBOHF, during the sulfate-induced stomatal closure. In agreement with the established role of ROS as the second messenger of ABA-signaling, the SnRK2-type kinase OST1 and the protein phosphatase ABI1 are essential for sulfate-induced stomata closure. Finally, we show that sulfide fails to close stomata in a cysteine-biosynthesis depleted mutant. Our data support the hypothesis that the two mobile signals, sulfate and sulfide, induce stomatal closure by stimulating cysteine synthesis to trigger ABA production.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Reveals Roles of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes and Abscisic Acid in the Symbiosis of Mycena and Gastrodia elata

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6557
Author(s):  
Li-Ying Ren ◽  
Heng Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Ling Liu ◽  
Tong-Kai Zong ◽  
Min Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Seed Coats

Gastrodia elata is a well-known medicinal and heterotrophic orchid. Its germination, limited by the impermeability of seed coat lignin and inhibition by abscisic acid (ABA), is triggered by symbiosis with fungi such as Mycena spp. However, the molecular mechanisms of lignin degradation by Mycena and ABA biosynthesis and signaling in G. elata remain unclear. In order to gain insights into these two processes, this study analyzed the transcriptomes of these organisms during their dynamic symbiosis. Among the 25 lignin-modifying enzyme genes in Mycena, two ligninolytic class II peroxidases and two laccases were significantly upregulated, most likely enabling Mycena hyphae to break through the lignin seed coats of G. elata. Genes related to reduced virulence and loss of pathogenicity in Mycena accounted for more than half of annotated genes, presumably contributing to symbiosis. After coculture, upregulated genes outnumbered downregulated genes in G. elata seeds, suggesting slightly increased biological activity, while Mycena hyphae had fewer upregulated than downregulated genes, indicating decreased biological activity. ABA biosynthesis in G. elata was reduced by the downregulated expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED-2), and ABA signaling was blocked by the downregulated expression of a receptor protein (PYL12-like). This is the first report to describe the role of NCED-2 and PYL12-like in breaking G. elata seed dormancy by reducing the synthesis and blocking the signaling of the germination inhibitor ABA. This study provides a theoretical basis for screening germination fungi to identify effective symbionts and for reducing ABA inhibition of G. elata seed germination.

scholarly journals cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Valentina Lodde ◽  
Piero Morandini ◽  
Alex Costa ◽  
Irene Murgia ◽  
Ignacio Ezquer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Ros Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Processes

This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and epigenomic remodeling occurs during vascular cambium periodicity in Populus tomentosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Paul Grünhofer ◽  
Lukas Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Differentially Methylated Region ◽  
Gene Body Methylation ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Global Methylation

AbstractTrees in temperate regions exhibit evident seasonal patterns, which play vital roles in their growth and development. The activity of cambial stem cells is the basis for regulating the quantity and quality of wood, which has received considerable attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes have not been fully elucidated. Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of morphological observations, transcriptome profiles, the DNA methylome, and miRNAs of the cambium in Populus tomentosa during the transition from dormancy to activation. Anatomical analysis showed that the active cambial zone exhibited a significant increase in the width and number of cell layers compared with those of the dormant and reactivating cambium. Furthermore, we found that differentially expressed genes associated with vascular development were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, cell division and expansion, and cell wall biosynthesis. In addition, we identified 235 known miRNAs and 125 novel miRNAs. Differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes showed stronger negative correlations than other miRNA/target pairs. Moreover, global methylation and transcription analysis revealed that CG gene body methylation was positively correlated with gene expression, whereas CHG exhibited the opposite trend in the downstream region. Most importantly, we observed that the number of CHH differentially methylated region (DMR) changes was the greatest during cambium periodicity. Intriguingly, the genes with hypomethylated CHH DMRs in the promoter were involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant–pathogen interactions during vascular cambium development. These findings improve our systems-level understanding of the epigenomic diversity that exists in the annual growth cycle of trees.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Based Analysis of Phosphite-Induced Resistance against Pathogens in Rice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Yuqing Huang ◽  
Shengguan Cai ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
Songlin Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv.Oryzae

Phosphite (PHI) has been used in the management of Phytophthora diseases since the 1970s.We assessed the effect of PHI on controlling the incidence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae and Pyricularia grisea. As a result, PHI application significantly inhibited the incidence of the diseases. To clarify the molecular mechanism underlying this, a transcriptome study was employed. In total, 2064 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and PHI treatment. The key DEGs could be classified into phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940), starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500), and plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075). The expressions of defense-related genes had a higher expression lever upon PHI treatment. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of protection effect of PHI against pathogens.

scholarly journals Critical role of the membrane-proximal, proline-rich motif of the interleukin-2 receptor γc chain in the Jak3-independent signal transduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Tsujino ◽  
Tadaaki Miyazaki ◽  
Atsuo Kawahara ◽  
Michiyuki Maeda ◽  
Tadatsugu Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Interleukin 2 Receptor
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