Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the sand crab families Albuneidae and Blepharipodidae (Crustacea : Anomura : Hippoidea)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Boyko ◽  
Alan W. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Many unrelated crustaceans sharing a suite of convergent specialisations for a sand-burrowing existence have been placed in the anomuran family Albuneidae at one time or another. Although most of these non-albuneids have long since been reassigned to other families, recent molecular and morphological evidence has suggested a further split within the family between the Albuneidae (sensu stricto) and the Blepharipodidae. We used 173 morphological characters to test phylogenetic hypotheses about the monophyly of the Albuneidae and Blepharipodidae, as well as their constituent genera. We included 61 known species of albuneids and blepharipodids (including eight fossil species) and six outgroup species in five anomuran families. Analyses confirm that the Albuneidae and the Blepharipodidae are separate and monophyletic taxa that have convergently evolved similar adaptations to sand burrowing. Zygopa Holthuis, 1961 and Squillalbunea Boyko, 2002 are sister-taxa to the rest of the Albuneidae; all other Recent genera of albuneids are well supported and form two clades at the subfamily level. An Indo-Pacific origin for the Albuneidae is proposed and various scenarios regarding possible routes of dispersal are discussed.

A Global Phylogenomic Study of the Thelypteridaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-915
Author(s):  
Susan Fawcett ◽  
Alan R. Smith ◽  
Michael Sundue ◽  
J. Gordon Burleigh ◽  
Emily B. Sessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Recent Classification ◽  
Phylogenomic Study

Abstract— The generic classification of the Thelypteridaceae has been the subject of much controversy. Proposed taxonomic systems have varied from recognizing the approximately 1200 species in the family within the single genus Thelypteris, to systems favoring upwards of 30 genera. Insights on intrafamilial relationships, especially for neotropical taxa, have been gained from recent phylogenetic studies; however, in the most recent classification, 10 of 30 recognized genera are either non-monophyletic or untested. We sequenced 407 nuclear loci for 621 samples, representing all recognized genera and approximately half the known species diversity. These were analyzed using both maximum likelihood analysis of a concatenated matrix and multi-species coalescent methods. Our phylogenomic results, informed by recently published morphological evidence, provide the foundation for a generic classification which recircumscribed 14 genera and recognized seven new genera. The 37 monophyletic genera sampled demonstrate greater geographic coherence than previous taxonomic concepts suggested. Additionally, our results demonstrate that certain morphological characters, such as frond division, are evolutionarily labile and are thus inadequate for defining genera.

Systematics of reptile-associated scale mites of the genus Pterygosoma (Acariformes: Pterygosomatidae) derived from external morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4603 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
MONIKA FAJFER
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The Family ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Tree Lizards ◽  
Species Groups

The phylogeny of the mite genus Pterygosoma Peters, 1849 (Acariformes: Pterygosomatidae), permanent parasites of lizards of the families Agamidae, Gerrhosauridae and Liolaemidae (Reptilia: Squamata), was inferred with maximum parsimony, successive weighting and implied weighting approaches based on 182 characters of 48 ingroup and 12 outgroup species. All undertaken analyses questioned the monophyly of the genus. Based on this research, Pterygosoma includes 56 mite species associated with agamas from Africa and Asia (Sauria: Agamidae). Within the genus seven natural species groups were found: mutabilis, inermis, melanum, caucasica, fimbriata, singularis and foliosetis; 13 species of the genus were not assigned to any of the groups due to their unique morphological characters. For the ligare group of the subgenus Pterygosoma s. str. (7 species) associated with the South American tree lizards from the family Liolaemidae, a new genus, Neopterygosoma gen. nov., is established. The subgenus Gerrhosaurobia Lawrence, 1959 (3 species) associated with the African plated lizards of the family Gerrhosauridae is elevated to the genus rank. Diagnoses for the three genera are presented. Historical associations are reconstructed by fitting the obtained mite tree into the host topology on the family level. Results of coevolutionary analysis highlight the coincidence of both trees. The studies suggest that the ancestor of the genus Pterygosoma switched from the hosts of Gerrhosaurobia i.e. from the plated lizards (Gerrhosauridae) to the agamas (Agamidae), and the genus Pterygosoma has its biogeographic origin in North Africa, and colonized Asia via the Arabian Peninsula, which is congruent with the historical biogeography of its hosts.

Phylogenetic overview of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveals Elektroepyrinae, a new fossil subfamily

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283
Author(s):  
WESLEY D. COLOMBO ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY ◽  
CELSO O. AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Geological Record ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family

The flat wasps, Bethylidae, are cosmopolitan and one of the most diverse families of Chrysidoidea. Bethylidae have 2,920 described extant species and almost 90 fossil species. The oldest geological record of the family is the Lower Cretaceous, from Lebanese and Spanish ambers and Transbaikalian rock fossils. Here we describe and illustrate one new fossil subfamily of Bethylidae: †Elektroepyrinae subfam. nov. represented by †Elektroepyris Perrichot & Nel from the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (France), which was cladistically assessed against all other eight subfamilies of Bethylidae. The new taxon is easily distinguished from other subfamilies by the forewing venation with the third abscissa of Cu present. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of all subfamilies of Bethylidae, with a matrix with 69 morphological characters and 22 terminal taxa from where †Elektroepyrinae subfam. nov. emerged as independent lineage from all other subfamilies.

Revision of the family Listropsoralgidae Fain, 1965 (Acariformes: Sarcoptoidea)—skin parasites of marsupials and rodents

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3611 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-69
Author(s):  
ANDRE V BOCHKOV ◽  
BARRY M OCONNOR ◽  
PATRICK GROOTAERT
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time ◽  
Metachirus Nudicaudatus

The family Listropsoralgidae Fain, 1965 (Acariformes: Sarcoptoidea) is represented by the permanent skin ectoparasites associated with the South American and Australian marsupials (12 species) and the South American rodents of the family Echimyidae (1 species). The phylogenetic relationships of these mites (12 ingroup and 2 outgroup species) are reconstructed on the basis of the maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analyses (BA) of 76 morphological characters. MP analysis confirmed monophyly of the listropsoralgid genera, the strict consensus of 18 trees generated by MP has the following pattern: Petauralges (Listropsoralgoides, Didelphialges, Listropsoralges) with poor resolution among species of the genus Listropsoralges. The same tree was generated by BA. Both successive and implied weighting strategies resulted in 7 MP trees: Petauralges (Listropsoralgoides (Didelphialges (Listropsoralges))). The relationships between species of the genus Listropsoralges received the poorest resolution: L. caenolestes (L. monodelphis, L. vossi, L. faini, L. brevisetosa (L. thylamys (L. marmosa–L. caluromys))). The host-parasite relationships of listropsoralgids are briefly discussed. The family Listropsoralgidae is taxonomically revised and to date includes 13 species in 4 genera. Six species and one genus are described as new: Listropsoralges brevisetosus sp. n. from Marmosa murina (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from Peru, Listropsoralges similis sp. n. from Caluromys derbianus (Didelphidae) from Panama, Listropsoralges thylamys sp. n. from Thylamys venustus (Didelphidae) from Bolivia, Listropsoralges vossi sp. n. from Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae) from Brazil, Listropsoralges caenolestes sp. n. from Caenolestes fuliginosus (Paucituberculata: Caenolestidae) from Ecuador, and Didelphialges metachirus gen. n., sp. n. from Metachirus nudicaudatus (Didelphidae) from Peru. The female of Listropsoralges faini Bochkov and Wauthy, 2009 is described for the first time.

Systematics, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea:Valvatida:Goniasteridae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Mah
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
La Meseta Formation ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Cope’S Rule

Morphology-based phylogenetic hypotheses developed for living and fossil goniasterid asteroids have provided several unique opportunities to study bathymetric and biogeographic shifts for an ecologically important group of prominent, megafaunal invertebrates. A cladistic analysis of 18 ingroup taxa employing 65 morphological characters resulted in a single most parsimonious tree. The tree supports assignment of the Atlantic Tosia parva (Perrier, 1881) and the Pacific Tosia queenslandensis Livingstone, 1932 to new, separate genera. The phylogenetic tree supports offshore to onshore bathymetric shifts between basal and derived taxa. The phylogeny is also consistent with historical events surrounding the separation of Antarctica from Australia and South Africa. Buterminaster Blake & Zinsmeister, 1988 from the Eocene La Meseta Formation, Antarctic Peninsula, was included in the phylogenetic analysis and is now supported as the only fossil species in the genus Pentagonaster Gray, 1840. Pentagonaster stibarus H. L. Clark, 1914 is separated from synonymy with P. dubeni Gray, 1847 and resurrected as a valid species. The new genus, Akelbaster, gen. nov., shows unusual new structures that resemble cribiform organs, although their function has not been determined. One specific ingroup lineage, including Tosia and Pentagonaster, attains a much larger adult size than those of its sister-taxa, suggesting that Cope’s rule may apply to asteroids within this clade. Pentagonaster and related genera are revised. Descriptions of four new genera and three new species are presented, including: Akelbaster novaecaledoniae, gen. nov., sp. nov., Ryukuaster onnae, gen. nov., sp. nov., Eknomiaster beccae, sp. nov., Pawsonaster parvus, gen. nov., comb. nov. and Anchitosia queenslandensis, gen. nov., comb. nov.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Anomura (Decapoda, Crustacea): Spermatozoa and spermatophore morphological evidence

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Tudge
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Clade

A phylogenetic analysis of selected anomuran, thalassinidean, and other decapod crustacean taxa, based on spermatozoal ultrastructural characters and spermatophore morphological characters, was performed and the following relationships of the taxa are elucidated from the trees produced. The Anomura are not a monophyletic assemblage, with the lomoid Lomis being exclusive of the remainder of the anomuran taxa, and the thalassinid Thalassina included in the anomuran clade. The synapomorphy joining the majority of the conventional anomuran taxa (Lomis excluded) is the cytoplasmic origin of the microtubular arms. When the palinurid and thalassinoid representatives are separately designated as outgroups, the Astacidea and Brachyura jointly formed a sister group to the Anomura. The superfamilies Thalassinoidea, Paguroidea, and Galatheoidea are not monophyletic groups. In all analyses the anomuran families Coenobitidae and Porcellanidae each form a monophyletic group. The paguroid family Diogenidae is paraphyletic, with the genera Clibanarius and Cancellus separate from a single clade containing the remaining diogenid genera. The families Paguridae and Parapaguridae form a monophyletic clade with the exception of Porcellanopagurus. The two representatives of the family Chirostylidae (Eumunida and Uroptychus) fail to associate with the other species in the Galatheoidea. The taxa in the family Galatheidae are not a monophyletic assemblage. The only investigated hippoid Hippa is portrayed as the sister group to the remainder of the anomuran taxa (with the exception of Lomis).

Resurrection of genus Nidirana (Anura: Ranidae) and synonymizing N. caldwelli with N. adenopleura, with description of a new species from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Tong Lyu ◽  
Zhao-Chi Zeng ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Chao-Yu Lin ◽  
Zu-Yao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species

The taxonomy of Babina sensu lato was controversial in the past decades. In this study, the phylogeny of genus Babina sensu lato was re-constructed based on genetic analysis, morphological comparison and advertisement call analysis. We found that Babina sensu stricto and previous subgenus Nidirana should be two distinct genera in the family Ranidae. N. caldwelli is confirmed to be a synonym of N. adenopleura because of the small genetic divergence and the lack of distinct morphological differences. A new species, Nidirana nankunensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mt. Nankun, Guangdong Province, China, which can be distinguished from other known congeners by having a behavior of nest construction, distinctive advertisement calls, significant divergence in the mitochondrial genes, and a combination of morphological characters. Currently, the genus Babina contains two species and the genus Nidirana contains eight species.

scholarly journals Confusion surrounding Didymosphaeria—phylogenetic and morphological evidence suggest Didymosphaeriaceae is not a distinct family

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA ◽  
ERIO CAMPORESI ◽  
KASUN M. THAMBUGALA ◽  
AUSANA MAPOOK ◽  
JI-CHUAN KANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
A New Species

Didymosphaeriaceae is a ubiquitous fungal family that is reported to include saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. The family is characterized by 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the asci. In recent treatments Appendispora, Didymosphaeria, Roussoella, Phaeodothis and Verruculina were placed in the family. The aim of the present study is to delineate phylogenetic lineages within Didymosphaeriaceae and allied genera. A new species, Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii, was isolated and identified based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S nrDNA and 28S nrDNA nucleotide sequence data. Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii clustered with Montagnulaceae as a separate genus, while two putative strains (HKUCC 5834 and CMW 22186) of D. futilis from GenBank clustered with Cucurbitariaceae and Didymellaceae, respectively. The new species is characterized by immersed to slightly erumpent ascomata immersed under a clypeus, a peridium with compressed cells of textura intricata, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing mostly above the asci and brown, 1-septate ascospores with granulate ornamentation. Phylogenetic analysis in combination with morphology and a review of literature show that Appendispora, Phaeodothis, Roussoella and Verruculina should be excluded from the family. Phaeodothis belongs in Montagnulaceae, Verruculina in Testudinaceae, while Appendispora and Roussoella belong in Roussoellaceae. The position of Didymosphaeriaceae as a distinct family, based on 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the asci is doubtful. Fresh collections of more Didymosphaeria strains are needed for epitypification and to obtain sequence data to establish if this family can be maintained.

Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as indicators of biostratigraphy, ecological reconstructions and identification of amber deposits

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Szadziewski
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Wing Membrane ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Protein Rich

ABSTRACTBiting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are a large family of flies that commononly appear in Lower Cretaceous to Miocene strata, with over 280 fossil species (4.3 % of the family), belonging to 49 genera (26 extant; 23 extinct). Morphological characters used in the identification of fossil genera and species are identical to those used in studies of extant Ceratopogonidae and, as a result, their potential indicative value is reliable. Two relictual extant genera, Leptoconops and Austroconops, reported from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, are at least 125 million years old. Certain ceratopogonid genera are indicative for the Lower Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous, Eocene or Miocene. A morphological character indicative for the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic is macrotrichia on the wing membrane of adults. Indicator species and genera are reviewed for all amber deposits. Eocene Baltic amber contains the best known fauna of biting midges, with 109 named species. Some genera are indicative of aquatic and semiaquatic habitats (predaceous genera, subfamily Ceratopogoninae), forests with rotting trees (Forcipomyia), sandy sea shore habitats (Leptoconops), a cold boreal climate (Ceratopogon) or warm climates (Nannohelea, Austroconops, Leptoconops, Meunierohelea, Metahelea). Females require a protein-rich meal and are well known for feeding on the blood of vertebrates, but many feed on other things, so this information can help with the interpretation of palaeoenvironments. Washingtonhelea taimyrica Szadziewski, 1996, described from Siberian amber, is transferred to the fossil genus Palaeobrachypogon: P.taimyricus (Szadziewski, 1996), comb. nov. For Serromyia alphea, mistakenly redescribed and illustrated from Eocene Bitterfeld amber (= Baltic amber) by Szadziewski (1993), a new name – Serromyiaerrata Szadziewski, nom. nov. – is proposed.

scholarly journals A molecular phylogeny of Porcellionidae (Isopoda, Oniscidea) reveals inconsistencies with present taxonomy

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas C. Dimitriou ◽  
Stefano Taiti ◽  
Helmut Schmalfuss ◽  
Spyros Sfenthourakis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Basal Position

Porcellionidae is one of the richest families of Oniscidea globally distributed but we still lack a comprehensive and robust phylogeny of the taxa that are assigned to it. Employing five genetic markers (two mitochondrial and three nuclear) we inferred phylogenetic relationships among the majority of Porcellionidae genera. Phylogenetic analyses conducted via Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference resulted in similar tree topologies. The mtDNA genes cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16s rRNA (16s) were used for clade dating using previously published mutation rates. Our results provide evidence against the monophyly of both Porcellionidae and the largest genus of the family Porcellio. These results are compared to previous published work based on morphological evidence. The genera Leptotrichus and Brevurus are not grouped with the rest of Porcellionidae whereas Agnaridae are grouped with part of Porcellionidae. Armadillidium and Schizidium (Armadillidiidae) occupy a basal position on the phylogenetic tree. Even though the African genera Tura and Uramba (distributed in East Africa) are grouped together there is no general geographical pattern in other sub-clades. Additional taxonomic issues that arise in this work such as the assignment of the recently described genus Levantoniscus, arealso discussed. The status of Porcellionidae should be further revised and morphological characters traditionally used in Oniscidea taxonomy should be reconsidered in view of molecular evidence. The origin of the monophyletic clade within Porcellionidae as indicated in the present work is dated back to the Oligocene (~32 mya).

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