Effects of micro-, meio- and macroinvertebrates associated with burial on the decomposition of an aquatic macrophyte (Vallisneria natans) in a eutrophic shallow lake in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Shaojun Chen ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Vallisneria Natans ◽  
Plant Decomposition ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Average Contribution

Aquatic invertebrates play an important role in plant decomposition. However, little information is available regarding the relative importance of micro-, meio- and macroinvertebrates in this process, particularly their role in the decomposition of buried organic matter. To investigate the role of these invertebrates in the decomposition of the aquatic macrophyte Vallisneria natans, leaves of V. natans were placed in litterbags with four different mesh sizes (0.025, 0.042, 0.5 and 5mm) and the bags were either incubated at the sediment–water (SW) interface or buried at a depth of 10cm (B10) for 60 days in Lake Nanhu, China, in July 2015. Increased mesh size significantly increased the loss of plant mass. The decomposition rate ranged from 0.0173 to 0.0467day–1 in the SW treatment, and from 0.0083 to 0.0280day–1 in the B10 treatment. Excluding microinvertebrates, burial significantly affected microbial respiration and invertebrate abundance. Increased mesh size increased invertebrate abundance and richness, but did not significantly affect microbial respiration in either treatment. The average contribution of micro-, meio- and macroinvertebrates and microbes to plant mass loss in the SW treatment was 23.1, 13.5, 7.0 and 56.5% respectively, compared with 19.7, 24.5, 12.3 and 43.5% respectively in the B10 treatment. The results of this study reveal the important but underestimated role of micro- and meioinvertebrates in macrophyte decomposition.

Population Control (Review Article)

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Karol J. Krotki
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Economic Considerations

Discussions about the role of small enterprise in economic development tend to remain inconclusive partly because of the difficulty of assessing the relative importance of economic and non-economic objectives and partly because of the dearth of factual information on which to base an economic calculus. It is probably true, moreover, that, because of a lack of general agreement as to the economic case for or against small enterprise, non-economic considerations, including some merely romantic attitudes toward smallness and bigness, tend to exert an undue influence on public policies. There may, of course, be no clear-cut economic case. And noneconomic considerations should and will inevitably weigh significantly in policy decisions. If, however, some of the economic questions could be settled by more and better knowledge, these decisions could more accurately reflect the opportunity costs of pursuing non-economic objectives.

scholarly journals Role of propagule pressure in colonization success: disentangling the relative importance of demographic, genetic and habitat effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1691-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hufbauer ◽  
A. Rutschmann ◽  
B. Serrate ◽  
H. Vermeil de Conchard ◽  
B. Facon
Keyword(s):  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Colonization Success

scholarly journals The Arctic as a “Strategic” and “Important” Chinese Foreign Policy Interest: Exploring the Role of Labels and Hierarchies in China’s Arctic Discourses

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810262110186
Author(s):  
Patrik Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Political Priority

Research confirms that China is becoming more engaged in the Arctic. However, international relations scholarship often extrapolates from relatively few instances of activity to wide-ranging claims about Chinese priorities. Fortunately, Chinese political discourse is organised by labels that allow us to study how the Arctic is classified and ranked along China’s other foreign policy priorities. This article analyses two such classifications – “important maritime interest” and “strategic new frontier,” exploring how they have come about, what they mean, and how they add political priority to the Arctic. It argues that hierarchies are constructed in two ways: by adding gradients and by including/excluding categories of priority. It views categories as performative: they not only convey information about character and relative importance of interests but are also used for achieving different objectives. By focusing on foreign policy classifications, the article contributes to a more nuanced and precise understanding of China’s Arctic interests.

Study of the role of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and other microaerophilic and aerobic bacteria in uterine infections of mares with reproductive disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Szeredi ◽  
M. Tenk ◽  
I. Schiller ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Taylorella Equigenitalis

In six healthy mares and 24 mares showing reproductive disorders swab samples were taken from the fossa clitoridis to isolate Taylorella equigenitalis, and from the uterus to isolate mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas and other aerobic bacteria. Swab samples were also taken from the uterus for Chlamydiaantigen ELISA and ChlamydiaPCR studies. The uterus of 27 mares was examined cytologically, and biopsy samples were taken from the endometrium for histological examinations and for immunohistochemical examinations aimed at the detection of chlamydiae. T. equigenitalis, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas and chlamydiae could not be detected from any of the mares examined. Aerobic facultative pathogenic bacteria were isolated from mares with endometritis in four cases. In 18 out of 22 mares with endometritis (82%) no infective agents could be demonstrated. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relative importance of non-infectious causes of endometritis and of anaerobic bacteria often detectable in the uterus in the aetiology of the reproductive disorders observed.

scholarly journals Do patients value a hospital’s innovativeness reputation? A multi-method approach to assess the relative importance of innovativeness reputation in patients’ hospital choice

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gurtner ◽  
Nadine Hietschold ◽  
María Vaquero Martín
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Hospital Choice ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

Innovations in health care are costly and risky, but they also provide the opportunity for hospitals to increase quality of care, to distinguish themselves from competitors and to attract patients. While numerous hospitals strive to increase their innovativeness by adopting a costly innovation leader strategy, the question of whether this actually influences the patient’s choice remains unanswered. To understand the role of innovativeness from the patient perspective, this study conceptualizes the construct of innovativeness reputation of hospitals and determines its relevance in patients’ hospital choice decisions. In the pretest, we identified six dimensions of innovativeness reputation such as progressive work procedures and value added services. We then used three different quantitative multi-criteria decision-making methods to evaluate the relative importance of innovativeness reputation in patient choice. We collected data from 355 former German patients who had undergone elective non-emergency surgery. Overall, innovativeness reputation accounts for 11.6%–16.8% of the patient decision. Innovativeness reputation has a moderate influence on hospital choice and should be taken into account by managers. Since technical innovations are costly, hospitals should use other means to enhance their innovative image. Strategies such as emphasizing value added services can enable hospitals to increase their innovativeness reputation efficiently.

scholarly journals A Gnotobiotic Model to Examine Plant and Microbiome Contributions to Survival under Arsenic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Molina ◽  
James F. White ◽  
Sara García-Salgado ◽  
M. Ángeles Quijano ◽  
Natalia González-Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Free Media

So far, the relative importance of the plant and its microbiome in the development of early stages of plant seedling growth under arsenic stress has not been studied. To test the role of endophytic bacteria in increasing plant success under arsenic stress, gnotobiotic seeds of J. montana were inoculated with two endophytic bacteria: Pantoea conspicua MC-K1 (PGPB and As resistant bacteria) and Arthrobacter sp. MC-D3A (non-helper and non-As resistant bacteria) and an endobacteria mixture. In holobiotic seedlings (with seed-vectored microbes intact), neither the capacity of germination nor development of roots and lateral hairs was affected at 125 μM As(V). However, in gnotobiotic seedlings, the plants are negatively impacted by absence of a microbiome and presence of arsenic, resulting in reduced growth of roots and root hairs. The inoculation of a single PGPB (P. conspicua-MCK1) shows a tendency to the recovery of the plant, both in arsenic enriched and arsenic-free media, while the inoculation with Arthrobacter sp. does not help in the recovery of the plants. Inoculation with a bacterial mixture allows recovery of plants in arsenic free media; however, plants did not recover under arsenic stress, probably because of a bacterial interaction in the mixture.

Subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and creativity among R&D employees: a moderated mediation model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan Wang ◽  
Jianghong Du ◽  
Herman H.M. Tse ◽  
Jun Gu ◽  
Hui Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Total Rewards

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relative importance of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction in predicting research and development (R&D) employee creativity. In addition, the study examines the indirect effects of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction on creativity via work engagement and the moderating role of challenge-related work stress in the first stage.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave design was used, in which total rewards satisfaction and challenge-related work stress were measured in the first wave. Work engagement and creativity were measured in the second wave. Dominance analysis and the latent moderated mediation model were used for the data analyses.FindingsThe analyses show that nonfinancial rewards satisfaction completely dominates indirect and direct financial rewards satisfaction when predicting creativity. Indirect financial rewards satisfaction completely dominates direct financial rewards satisfaction when predicting creativity. Work engagement mediates the relationships between the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and creativity. Challenge-related work stress moderates the relationships between the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and work engagement and the indirect effects of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction on creativity via work engagement.Practical implicationsThe results imply that managers should set challenge demands for R&D employees and try to improve their total rewards satisfaction, especially their nonfinancial and indirect financial rewards satisfaction, for them to be more creative.Originality/valueThis empirical study contributes to the literature by comparing the relative importance of the different dimensions of total rewards satisfaction in predicting creativity. The study also clarifies how (through work engagement) and when (based on challenge-related work stress) the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction are positively related to R&D employees' creativity.

scholarly journals Siphonophora from the coast of Brazil (17ºS to 24ºS)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Ramis Nogueira ◽  
Sérgio dos Reis Oliveira Jr
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trophic Interaction ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Bank System

This work is based on the analysis of 99 zooplankton samples collected during the Oceanographic Expedition "ESPÍRITO SANTO I", held along the east coast of Brazil, between Cabo Frio and Abrolhos Archipelago, an area characterized by the occurrence of coastal upwelling, from July to September 1984. Zooplankton was collected with vertical plankton net hauls of 250 µm mesh size in the upper 200 meters layer. A total of twenty one species of Siphonophora was observed, two of which were identified as being physonect and the other as calycophorans. Specific diversity close to the shore and at the neighborhood of the Vitória-Trindade Bank System, showed smaller values, in comparison with those in the oceanic regions. Factorial analysis was used in order to access the changes observed in the population of the eleven most abundant species. The first two principal axes represented the influence of the nearshore - offshore gradient and the role of trophic interaction, accounted for 60% of the total variance of the data.

scholarly journals The Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading: a space for medical science in the 19th century

Almanack ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 241-286
Author(s):  
Monique de Siqueira Gonçalves ◽  
Tânia Bessone
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Science Field ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
General Collection

Abstract: This work presents an analysis on the role of the Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading during the second half of the 19th century regarding the collection and safekeeping of medical science books. By analyzing the books contained in the 1906 catalog by Ramiz Galvão (consisting of the institution's collection since 1837), we intend to understand the relative importance of the medical science collection found in the general collection of the Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading, and whether it was updated and relevant amidst the constitution of Brazil's medical science field. It is also intended to discover the preponderant idiom among its works and at which target audience they were aimed at, therefore, whether its guard matched the institution's outline of lusophone culture preservation.

scholarly journals Vocabulary acquisition, input, and extensive reading: A conversation

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
Acquisition Process

JALT member Joseph Poulshock recently posted a video entitled “How do humans acquire language?” to the extensive reading (ER) website BeeOasis.com. In it, he describes his ALBUM Theory (acquire language by understanding messages), by which he means that the comprehension of input―for example, through ER―is the best way to acquire a second language. The video prompted an online discussion in which a number of JALT members exchanged ideas about the acquisition of vocabulary, the role of ER in the acquisition of various aspects of word knowledge, and the relative importance of input to the language acquisition process. An abbreviated version of this conversation is presented here.

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