scholarly journals Extensive Air Showers and Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Geoelectric Field ◽  
Production Mechanism ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Development

An estimate is made of the electric field expected from the ionization electrons produced by an extensive air shower moving in the geoelectric field for frequencies from 10 kHz to 10 MHz. The calculations are for a geoelectric production mechanism, and they invoke quite reasonable assumptions regarding the shower development. The calculated fields are found to be comparable with those produced by the geomagnetic mechanism, and fall short of the high values observed in this frequency range. Higher fields cannot be obtained from the present shower mechanism under normal weather conditions, but would require exceptionally large values for the geoelectric field (1 MVm-1) or a model for electron diffusion that is radically different from that assumed here.

scholarly journals Multi-wavelength observation of cosmic-ray air-showers with CODALEMA/EXTASIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Antony Escudie ◽  
Didier Charrier ◽  
Richard Dallier ◽  
Daniel García-Fernández ◽  
Alain Lecacheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Radio Pulse ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Electric Field Profile

Since 2003, significant efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the radio emission of extensive air shower in the range [20-200] MHz. Despite some studies led until the early nineties, the [1-10] MHz band has remained unused for 20 years. However, it has been measured by some pioneering experiments that extensive air shower emit a strong electric field in this band and that there is evidence of a large increase in the amplitude of the radio pulse at lower frequencies. The EXTASIS experiment, located within the Nançay Radioastronomy Observatory and supported by the CODALEMA experiment, aims to reinvestigate the [1-10] MHz band, and especially to study the so-called “Sudden Death” contribution, the expected electric field emitted by shower front when hitting the ground level. Currently, EXTASIS has confirmed some results obtained by the pioneering experiments, and tends to bring explanations to the other ones, for instance the role of the underlying atmospheric electric field. Moreover, CODALEMA has demonstrated that in the most commonly used frequency band ([20-80] MHz) the electric field profile of EAS can be well sampled, and contains all the information needed for the reconstruction of EAS: an automatic comparison between the SELFAS3 simulations and data has been developed, allowing us to reconstruct in an almost real time the primary cosmic ray characteristics.

SIMULATION OF RADIO SIGNALS FROM 1-10 TeV AIR SHOWERS USING EGSNRC

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Engel ◽  
N. N. Kalmykov ◽  
A. A. Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Radial Dependence ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
The Individual

Cherenkov and geosynchrotron radiation are considered as two fundamental mechanisms of the radio emission generated by extensive air showers (EAS). The code EGSnrc is used for Monte-Carlo simulations of the individual shower development. Calculations of the radial dependence and frequency spectrum of the emitted radiation are performed for the LOPES experiment frequency range.

SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF PHOTOELECTRONS OF A SETUP OF P. AUGER FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
E. FOKITIS ◽  
S. MALTEZOS ◽  
K. PATRINOS ◽  
H. ROZAKI-MAVROULI
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Optical Filter ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Detector Geometry

The efficiency of a pixel detector using optical UV filters is determined in this work. Based on the Auger fluorescence detector geometry, we have calculated the overall efficiency of the pixel detector using an appropriate method that takes into account the particular spectral functions and the dependence on the angle of incidence of the optical filter used. Assuming extensive air shower (EAS) events developed with various inclinations generated by AIRES code, we calculated the number of electrons and positrons produced during the development of the EAS's. The detection efficiency of the pixel detector is taken into account in estimating the recorded signal (number of photoelectrons) for two sets of EAS simulations, corresponding to protons and iron nuclei, as primary particles.

scholarly journals Characteristics of air showers with energy more than 1017 eV reconstructed by the Yakutsk array radio emission measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08017
Author(s):  
Stanislav Knurenko ◽  
Igor Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Yakutsk Array ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Region 10 ◽  
Maximum Development

The paper presents results on the longitudinal development of air showers of ultra-high energies obtained from radio emission measurements at the Yakutsk array. The energy, the depth of maximum development of individual showers are determined and a statistical analysis of Xmax in order to estimate the fluctuation of air shower development σ(Xmax) in the energy region 1017-1018 eV is performed. It is shown that σ(Xmax) in the energy region 1017-1018 eV is equal to 50-60 g·cm-2, which doesn’t contradict with a mixed composition of cosmic rays - protons and helium nuclei. This is also indicated by data of the Xmax value dependence on energy.

RECONSTRUCTION OF TOTAL MUON NUMBER IN KASCADE-GRANDE

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6855-6857
Author(s):  
◽  
J. VAN BUREN ◽  
T. ANTONI ◽  
W. D. APEL ◽  
F. BADEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Muon Component ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
First Results ◽  
Charged Component

The KASCADE-Grande experiment extends the existing extensive air shower experiment KASCADE by an array of 37 detector stations spread over an area of 0.5 km2. The new Grande array measures the charged component of the showers. To reconstruct the mass composition of the cosmic rays, additional information from the muon component of air showers is required. Using observables from the new Grande array together with the muon detectors of the original KASCADE array provides a possibility to reconstruct also the total muon number of each air shower. The quality of reconstruction based on comparison with simulated data, as well as first results of a reconstructed muon size spectrum are presented.

scholarly journals Extensive Air Showers with Unusual Spatial and Temporal Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Rashid Beisembaev ◽  
Dmitriy Beznosko ◽  
Kanat Baigarin ◽  
Ayan Batyrkhanov ◽  
Elena Beisembaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
New Process ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Process Observation

The Extensive Air Shower (EAS) data collected by the Horizon-10T detector system has numerous events exhibiting the unusual spatial and temporal structure. These are events typically with two to four pulses of tens of ns wide that are present at distances above 300 m from the EAS axis, with these pulses being delayed by hundreds of ns. Each of such pulse groups were registered simultaneously by several detectors separated by up to a km from each other. The detectors brief overview and the analysis of simulated EAS by the CORSIKA software package are given in this article. The analysis indicates that such events with unusual structure cannot be formed by showers with EM and hadronic components only. This indicates a possibility for a new process observation beyond the standard model description in the energy range above ~1018 eV.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC RAYS WITH ICETOP/ICECUBE: STATUS AND RESULTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (39) ◽  
pp. 1230038 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSIO TAMBURRO
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Nuclear Composition ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Transient Events

The IceCube Observatory at the South Pole is composed of a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope buried beneath the icecap and a square-kilometer surface water Cherenkov tank detector array known as IceTop. The combination of the surface array with the in-ice detector allows the dominantly electromagnetic signal of air showers at the surface and their high-energy muon signal in the ice to be measured in coincidence. This ratio is known to carry information about the nuclear composition of the primary cosmic rays. This paper reviews the recent results from cosmic-ray measurements performed with IceTop/IceCube: energy spectrum, mass composition, anisotropy, search for PeV γ sources, detection of high energy muons to probe the initial stages of the air shower development, and study of transient events using IceTop in scaler mode.

The Kolar Gold Fields extensive air shower experiment

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S13-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Chatterjee ◽  
G. T. Murthy ◽  
S. Naranan ◽  
K. Sivaprasad ◽  
B. V. Sreekantan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Size Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Size

Measurements have been made on high-energy muons (>220 GeV and >640 GeV) in extensive air showers in the size range 105–107 particles. Results on the energy spectrum, lateral spread (for Eμ > 220 GeV), and the dependence of the total number of muons on the shower size are given. The relation between the number of muons (Nμ) and the shower size (N) can be expressed as[Formula: see text]Assuming an exponential lateral distribution of high-energy muons, the average lateral spread of muons of energy >220 GeV has been found to be ~40 m.The results are compared with the predictions of the calculations done by Murthy et al. (1967).

EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER CHARACTERISTICS AS FUNCTIONS OF SHOWER AGE

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6821-6824 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA GILLER ◽  
HUBERT STOJEK ◽  
GRZEGORZ WIECZOREK
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Length Unit ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower

We show that extensive air showers (EAS) are all very similar when described by shower age and Molière length unit. This allows to analyze fluorescence and Cherenkov light emitted by showers in a unified and simple way.

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