Chemical Regulation of Plastid Development. II.* Effect of CPTA on the Ultrastructure and Carotenoid Composition of Chromoplasts of Capsicum annuum Cultivars

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Simpson ◽  
FMM Rayman ◽  
KA Buckle ◽  
TH Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fibril Formation ◽  
Plastid Development ◽  
Chemical Regulation ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Carotenoid Synthesis ◽  
Β Carotene

Electron microscopy of the fruit of three C. annuum cultivars, two with red fruit and one with yellow, showed that the chromoplasts of each cultivar contained fibrils, although carotenoid distribution of the red cultivars differed greatly from that of the yellow cultivar. The fibrils had a microfibrillar ultrastructure. The chloroplast-chromoplast transformation in C. annuum fruit as well as the carotenoid distribution were affected by 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)ethyldiethylammonium chloride (CPTA). The synthesis of capsanthin and capsorubin, which are responsible for the colour of the red cultivars, was inhibited. The level of β-carotene was reduced in all three cultivars, accompanied by the accumulation of lycopene, γ-carotene and neurosporene. Chromoplasts of CPTA-treated fruit lacked fibrils but contained plastoglobuli. The inhibition of fibril formation at an early stage was interpreted as evidence for the genesis of fibrils from plastoglobuli. It seems likely that fibril formation is under separate genetic control, independent of carotenoid synthesis. * Part I, Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 1974, 1, 119–33.

scholarly journals Capsaicinoid and Carotenoid Composition and Genetic Diversity of Kas I and Ccs in New Mexican Capsicum annuum L. Landraces

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rodriguez-Uribe ◽  
Luz Hernandez ◽  
James P. Kilcrease ◽  
Stephanie Walker ◽  
Mary A. O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Pathway

Two key fruit qualities in Capsicum annuum are fruit pungency and color. We characterize 13 New Mexican landraces for fruit quality traits at both the chemical level measuring the capsaicinoids, dihydrocapsaicin, and capsaicin as well as five carotenoids, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and capsanthin, and at the genetic level sequencing two genes in these landraces, Kas I, a capsaicinoid pathway gene, and Ccs, a carotenoid pathway gene. All of the landraces had unusually high levels of dihydrocapsaicin in comparison with capsaicin levels. The levels of the most abundant red pigment, capsanthin, ranged between 468 and 1007 μg·g−1 dry weight fruit in field-grown fruit, whereas levels of β-carotene were more similar in the landraces (13 to 22 μg·g−1 dry weight fruit). Twelve different Kas I alleles were found in the landraces, which predicted six novel KAS proteins in these landraces. Seven alleles of Ccs were found, which predicted three novel CCS proteins. These results demonstrate that the landraces under cultivation in small farms and pueblos in northern New Mexico are sources of important genetic diversity for Capsicum crops.

scholarly journals Combined Production of Astaxanthin and β-Carotene in a New Strain of the Microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 (IPPAS C-2045) Cultivated in Photobioreactor

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Konstantin Chekanov ◽  
Daniil Litvinov ◽  
Tatiana Fedorenko ◽  
Olga Chivkunova ◽  
Elena Lobakova
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Column ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stage Scheme ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Carotenoid Synthesis ◽  
Bubble Column Photobioreactor ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids astaxanthin and β-carotene are widely used natural antioxidants. They are key components of functional food, cosmetics, drugs and animal feeding. They hold leader positions on the world carotenoid market. In current work, we characterize the new strain of the green microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 and propose the method of its culturing in a bubble-column photobioreactor for simultaneous production of astaxanthin and β-carotene. Culture was monitored by light microscopy and pigment kinetics. Fatty acid profile was evaluated by tandem gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pigments were obtained by the classical two-stage scheme of autotrophic cultivation. At the first, vegetative, stage biomass accumulation occurred. Maximum specific growth rate and culture productivity at this stage were 100–200 mg∙L−1∙day−1, and 0.33 day−1, respectively. At the second, inductive, stage carotenoid synthesis was promoted. Maximal carotenoid fraction in the biomass was 2.2–2.4%. Based on chromatography data, astaxanthin and β-carotene constituted 48 and 13% of total carotenoid mass, respectively. Possible pathways of astaxanthin synthesis are proposed based on carotenoid composition. Collectively, a new strain B. aggregatus BM5/15 is a potential biotechnological source of two natural antioxidants, astaxanthin and β-carotene. The results give the rise for further works on optimization of B. aggregatus cultivation on an industrial scale.

In situ magnetic and electronic investigation of the early stage oxidation of Fe nanoparticles using X-ray photo-emission electron microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (48) ◽  
pp. 26624-26630 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. F. Vaz ◽  
A. Balan ◽  
F. Nolting ◽  
A. Kleibert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Photoemission Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Emission Electron ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Photoemission Electron

In situX-ray photoemission electron microscopy reveals the evolution of chemical composition and magnetism of individual iron nanoparticles during oxidation.

Comparative study of carotenoid composition in three mexican varieties of Capsicum annuum L

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofelia Collera-Zúñiga ◽  
Federico Garcı́a Jiménez ◽  
Ricardo Meléndez Gordillo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Carotenoid Composition

scholarly journals Prediction of fibril formation by early-stage amyloid peptide aggregation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Hu ◽  
Huiyong Sun ◽  
Haiping Hao ◽  
Qiuling Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Fibril Formation ◽  
Amyloid Peptide ◽  
Peptide Aggregation

Microstructures and Growth Characteristics of Self-Assembled InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots Investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 1207-1210
Author(s):  
Hyung Seok Kim ◽  
Ju Hyung Suh ◽  
Chan Gyung Park ◽  
Sang Jun Lee ◽  
Sam Kyu Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Self Assembled

The microstructure and strain characteristics of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) were studied by using transmission electron microscopy. Compressive strain was induced to uncapped QDs from GaAs substrate and the misfit strain largely increased after the deposition of GaAs cap layer. Tensile strain outside QD was extended along the vertical growth direction; up to 15 nm above the wetting layer. Vertically nonaligned and aligned stacked QDs were grown by adjusting the thickness of GaAs spacer layers. The QDs with a lens-shaped morphology were formed in the early stage of growth, and their apex was flattened by the out-diffusion of In atoms upon GaAs capping. However, aligned QDs maintained their lens-shaped structure with round apex after capping. It is believed that their apex did not flatten because the chemical potential gradient of In was relatively low due to the adjacent InAs QD layers.

A novel method for assessing the role of iron and its functional chelation in fibrin fibril formation: the use of scanning electron microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etheresia Pretorius ◽  
Natasha Vermeulen ◽  
Janette Bester ◽  
Boguslaw Lipinski ◽  
Douglas B. Kell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fibril Formation ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Effect of sedimentary environment on shale lithofacies in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation, Zhanhua Sag, eastern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. T487-T501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingwei Li ◽  
Zhenxue Jiang ◽  
Chenlu Xu ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Calcareous Shale ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Research on shale lithofacies is important for shale oil and gas production. This study focused on the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation ([Formula: see text]) in the Luo-69 well in the Zhanhua Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. Several methods, including thin section observations, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, quantitative evaluations of minerals by scanning electron microscopy, major and trace-element analyses, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy, are used to investigate the effect of sedimentary environment on the type and distribution of shale lithofacies. Our research indicates that 36 types of shale lithofacies can be classified based on the TOC content, mineral composition, and sedimentary structure, of which five types are identified in the study area. The [Formula: see text] shale has a high calcareous mineral content (average of 49.64%), low clay and siliceous minerals contents (averages of 19.54% and 19.02%, respectively), a high TOC content (average of 3.00 wt%), and well-developed horizontal bedding. The sedimentary environment during the deposition of the [Formula: see text] shale in the Zhanhua Sag had a warm and moist climate, limited provenance, saline water, and strong reducibility. The sedimentary environment in the early stage had a drier climate, more limited provenance, higher salinity, and stronger reducibility than that in the later stage. Shale lithofacies can reflect a certain sedimentary environment and depositional process; similarly, a depositional environment controls the type and distribution of shale lithofacies. Due to the characteristics of the [Formula: see text] sedimentary environment, organic-rich massive mixed shale, organic-rich bedded mixed-calcareous shale, organic-rich laminated calcareous shale, and organic-fair laminated calcareous shale are developed in the [Formula: see text] formation from top to bottom.

Fine Structure of the Chromoplasts of Fruit of Solanum aviculare Forth. var. brisbanense

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Simpson ◽  
MR Baqar ◽  
TH Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Solanum Aviculare ◽  
Β Carotene

Chromoplasts of ripe fruit of Solanum aviculare contain a large number of electron-translucent structures, which distinguishes them from the chromoplasts of many other species. During the chloroplast-chromoplast transformation, starch and grana disappear and plastoglobules accumulate. As ripening progresses, the plastoglobules fill with increasing amounts of electron-translucent structures which then protrude from the plastoglobules and eventually form a single small slab-shaped structure, and the plastoglobule disappears. β-Carotene (86.4%) is the main carotenoid of the ripe fruit, and small amounts of lutein, zeaxanthin, phytofluene, mutatochrome and neoxanthin are present. On the basis of carotenoid composition and appearance under the electron microscope, it is concluded that the translucent structures consist of a crystalline form of β-carotene.

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