Effects of NaCl and KCl on Growth and Ionic Composition of the Halophytic C4 Succulent Chenopods Salsola kali, Suaeda monoica and Suaeda aegyptiaca

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Eshel
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sodium Deficiency ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chloride Salts

Salsola kali, Suaeda monoica and Suaeda aegyptiaca plants were grown in sand culture under controlled conditions and treated with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution (control), and control plus 150 mol m-3 KCl or NaCl. Fresh weight of Salsola kali was doubled in the NaCl and KCl treatments, but the increase in dry matter as compared with the control was not significant. Ionic content in this species revealed high selectivity for K v. Na. Fresh weight of Suaeda monoica and S. aegyptiaca was raised by NaCl 5 and 10 times respectively. Control and KCl-treated plants were poorly developed and plants of S. aegyptiaca exhibited sodium deficiency symptoms under these treatments. The two Suaeda species had lower selectivity of K v. Na than Salsola kali. Of the two annual species, Suaeda kali and S. aegyptiaca, S. kali flowered under all three treatments, whereas S. aegyptiaca flowered only under the Na treatment. In spite of the fact that all three species are inorganic ion accumulators and C4-succulent chenopods, they exhibit wide differences in their response to the two chloride salts.

scholarly journals Organogenesis of Dendrobium Orchid Using Traditional Media and Organic Extracts

1970 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
KM Nasiruddin ◽  
ABM Khaldun
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
The Media ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
Weight Number

The study was undertaken with a view to investigate the effects of different basal media and organic extracts on organogenesis of Dendrobium orchid. Protocorm like bodies (PLBs) were cultured in Knudson C (KC), Vacin and Went (VW), half strength Murashige and Skoog (½MS) and New Phalaenopsis (NP) media supplemented with Sabri banana pulp (Sb), Charcoal (C) and Coconut water (Cw) organic extracts. KC, VW, ½MS and NP media significantly influenced the plantlet regeneration of Dendrobium orchid. Among the media, ½MS showed better performance on fresh weight, number PLBs, shoots and leaves per plantlet, The longest shoots were found in KC medium and maximum length of leaves was found in both KC and ½MS media. In case of different organic extracts Sb showed significantly better performance on fresh weights of PLBs, number of shoot and leaves per explant, length of shoots and leaves. Key words: Organogenesis, Dendrobium, media, organic extracts. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1454 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 30-35, June 2007

Magnesium and calcium as regulators of intestinal permeability

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tidball
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

The absorption of phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red) was used as a measure of intestinal permeability in rats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. All solutions placed in the intestinal lumen were adjusted to pH 7.0 and 300 mosmoles/liter. When 5 ml of a 1 mm solution of phenol red were placed in either proximal or distal halves of the small intestine the mean hourly absorption was 1.1%. The presence of 25 mm/liter ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) as the calcium salt did not alter phenol red absorption. With 25 mm/liter NaEDTA in the lumen, the absorption of phenol red was increased tenfold. After NaEDTA had been present for 1 hr, rinsing the lumen produced results which varied with the ionic composition of the rinsing solution. Balanced physiologic saline did not reverse the increased permeability. A CaCl2 rinse produced a permeability intermediate between NaEDTA and control levels. A MgCI2 rinse reinstated normal permeability. It is concluded that magnesium and calcium, loosely bound in the structure of the membrane, regulate the aqueous permeability of the intestinal epithelium.

scholarly journals Longevity of wild pansy flowers treated with growth regulators

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Tania Pires Da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Araujo ◽  
Fernando Luiz Finger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth regulators action on the senescence of wild pansy flowers. In the first experiment, floral stems were treated with ethylene for 24 hours at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 μL L-1 and control without the hormone. In a second experiment, the flowers were immersed in solutions of abscisic acid (ABA) containing 5, 20, 50 and 100 μM for one minute and control with water. In a third experiment, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 μL L-1 and control without the chemical. In a fourth experiment, 1-MCP and ethylene were applied, where 1-MCP was first applied followed by ethylene. After the treatments with 1-MCP and ethylene, the floral stems were removed from the hermetic chambers and kept in a vessel containing distilled water at 25 °C, 10 μmol m-2 s- 1 white fluorescent light and 50-70% relative humidity as for the ABA treatment. Flowers treated with ethylene did not present significant differences among the concentrations for visual senescence, showing evidence that this flower is not sensitive to ethylene. Treatment with 1000 μL L-1 of ethylene led to a slightly higher fresh weight loss than other treatments, which had a loss of about 33% at end of the experiment. For the ABA treatment, the flowers showed similar fresh weight loss among the different treatments; however, higher concentrations induced slight senescence of flowers. The use of 1-MCP increased the longevity of wild pansy flowers. These results show that 1-MCP is beneficial in maintaining the flower water status, even in the presence of exogenous ethylene, although ethylene may not be directly involved in the senescence of wild pansy flowers.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Caninae rose shoot tips guarantees biochemical stability and pollination potentialmonitored in four-year-old regenerants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Bożena Pawłowska ◽  
Jarmila Neugebauerova ◽  
Monika Bieniasz ◽  
Bożena Szewczyk-Taranek ◽  
Ivo Ondrasek
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rosa Species

Stability of Rosa agrestis, R. canina, R. dumalis and R. rubiginosa regenerants after shoot tip cryopreservation was monitored with the use of biochemical markers and pollen quality assessment in matured plants cultivated in the field. The results of rosa pollen and hip evaluation revealed no significant differences between post-cryopreserved regenerants and control plants; however, variations in the assessed markers were noted between Rosa species. Analyses of hips confirmed high levels of vitamin C in these plants; the highest was observed in R. dumalis (750–870 mg/100 g fresh weight). High total antioxidant activity (TAC) was as follows: DPPH – 50–250 mM TE/100 dry weight, FRAP – 80–180 mM TE/100 g dry weight. The present study showed a high content of flavonoids (TFC) and phenols (TPC). Post-cryopreserved plants retained pollen specific for Caninae: numerous anthers, abundant pollen, poor pollen germination and viability and typical pollen morphology. This study demonstrates new tools for evaluating the fidelity of post-cryopreserved regenerants.

Germination, Growth, Development, and Control of Camphorweed(Heterotheca subaxillaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Awang ◽  
T. J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Heterotheca Subaxillaris ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Control

Germination studies on camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris(Lam.) Britt. & Rusby] revealed that freshly harvested disk achenes germinated best at 17.5 C (88%) while ray achenes were dormant. Camphorweed seed from disk achenes also germinated at temperatures as low as 3 C. Seedlings grown under long-day conditions at 23 C day and 8 C night temperatures for 144 days elongated at the rate of 0.18 cm/day. Plants grown under short-day conditions at the same temperature regime elongated at the rate of 0.06 cm/day. Total leaf surface area, fresh weight, and dry weight of shoots of plants grown under long days were at least 1.5 times greater than plants grown under short day conditions. Camphorweed, regardless of size and age, survived a 2-h exposure at −5 C. All plants in the rosette stage survived at −15 C in the freezer and an overnight temperature of −11.7 C in the field, whereas larger plants were killed at these temperatures. Stage of growth was an important factor in the herbicidal control of camphorweed. Plants in the rosette stage were generally more susceptible to herbicides than older plants. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 3.4 kg/ha, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bypyridinium ion) at 0.6 kg/ha, methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] at 5.0 kg/ha, and a formulated mix of diuron [3–3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] and terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 4.5 kg/ha provided adequate control of camphorweed in the rosette stage. Asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) at 2.2 or 4.5 kg/ha applied alone did not control camphorweed in the rosette form but was more effective on older plants. Various combinations of these herbicides were generally effective at both stages of growth.

Halogen-bonded iodonium ion catalysis: a route to α-hydroxy ketones via domino oxidations of secondary alcohols and aliphatic C–H bonds with high selectivity and control

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (79) ◽  
pp. 10942-10945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somraj Guha ◽  
Imran Kazi ◽  
Pranamita Mukherjee ◽  
Govindasamy Sekar
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Benzylic Alcohols ◽  
Hydroxy Ketones ◽  
And Control

Halogen-bonded iodonium ions have been employed as selective oxidants in a challenging domino oxidation process to form synthetically important α-hydroxy ketones from easily available benzylic alcohols.

Germination, Growth, Development, and Control of Galinsoga

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ivany ◽  
R. D. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
York State ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
And Control ◽  
Galinsoga Ciliata

Hairy galinsoga [Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake] and smallflower galinsoga [G. parviflora Cav.] are widespread weeds in New York State. Freshly harvested achenes (seed) are not dormant and germinate in the field from early May until frost. Rate of germination but not final total percentage was stimulated by alternating temperature, with the fastest rate being at 30 C day and 20 C night and with a 16-hr photoperiod and 11,000 lux of light. Some seed in each seed-lot required light for germination. Both species were day-neutral with respect to flowering. Smallflower galinsoga produced its first flower after node seven and hairy galinsoga after node six on the main axis 6 to 8 weeks after germination. Decreasing light intensity 83% decreased fresh weight.

A New Explanation for the Osmotic Activity and Ionic Composition of Gastric Juice

1957 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren S. Rehm ◽  
Warren H. Dennis ◽  
William A. Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Osmotic Activity

In an attempt to extend a previously proposed theory of gastric HCl production, the possibility is considered that the surface epithelial cells secrete H+ ions and the parietal cells Cl– ions and water. It is postulated that water is transported as a result of its chemical potential gradient between the interstitial fluid and the canalicular lumen of the parietal cells. It is shown that this scheme can quantitatively explain, without further postulates, the high normalities of secretion found in the glycine experiments of Teorell. However, the scheme predicts for pure gastric juice a higher osmotic pressure than that found. Furthermore, the scheme does not offer an explanation for the presence of the other inorganic ions of gastric juice. In an attempt to account for the observed osmotic pressure and the inorganic ion content of gastric juice, the implications are developed of the assumption that the Na+ ions, K+ ions and some of the secreted Cl– ions are transported across the mucosa in the direction of their electrochemical potential gradients. It is shown that the resulting scheme can account for the composition and osmotic pressure of gastric juice at least as well as any of the schemes proposed by other workers. The implications of the present scheme with respect to the problem of the production of hypertonic and hypotonic secretions are discussed.

scholarly journals Salt-induced and Salt-suppressed Proteins in Tomato Leaves

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suping Zhou ◽  
Roger Sauve ◽  
Tara Fish ◽  
Theodore W. Thannhauser
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Antioxidant Stress ◽  
And Control ◽  
Induced Proteins

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Money Maker) seedlings at the two-leaf stage were grown in one-half strength Hoagland solution supplemented with 50 mm NaCl for 4 days, with 100 mm NaCl for 4 days, with 150 mm NaCl for 4 days, and with a final concentration 200 mm NaCl for 2 days. Solutions were refreshed every 2 days for treated and untreated seedlings. Non-treated plants were grown in nonamended one-half strength Hoagland solution. Three biological replicates (BR) were included for treated and control experiments. At the end of treatments, the uppermost three newly expanded leaves from all 12 plants in each BR were collected and bulked to extract total protein. Proteomic analysis resulted in the identification of several salt-induced and salt-suppressed proteins. Salt-induced proteins were: vacuolar H+-ATPase A1 subunit isoform (1.6-fold), germin-like protein (1.5-fold), ferredoxin-NADP (+) reductase (1.2-fold), quinone oxidoreductase-like protein (4.4-fold), heat-shock protein (4.9-fold), and pyrophosphorylase (1.7-fold). Salt-suppressed proteins were: ATPase alpha subunit (−1.5-fold) and rubisco activase (−1.4-fold). Proteins identified in this study affect cellular activities for antioxidant, stress protection, carbon fixation, and carbohydrate partitioning in young tomato leaves under salt stress.

scholarly journals PENGUJIAN PUPUK HAYATI KALBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max) var. BALURAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Yohanes Bernard Subowo ◽  
Arwan Sugiharto ◽  
Suliasih Suliasih ◽  
Sri Widawati
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
P Content ◽  
Science Centre ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pod Number

<p>Research aimed to evaluate the ability of kalbar biofertilizer to improve productivity of soybean. Experiment was conducted in the field experimental plot of Cibinong Science Centre. Soybean (Glycine max) var Baluran was treated with a series of fertilizer i.e.: compost containing Nitrogen fixing microbes, compost containing Phosphate solubilizing microbes, compost containing lignocelullosic degrading fungus, Kalbar biofertilizer (compost containing Nitrogen fixing, Phosphate solubilizing and lignocellulosic degrading microbes), chemist fertilizer, compost and control. The height of plant, fresh weight of biomass, number of leaves, pod number, and weight of seed were observed. The Nitrogen, Phosphate and Carbon which exist on the soil observed before planting, while flowering and while harvesting. The result was the application of kalbar biofertilizer able to increase the Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphor (P) content in the soil. This treatment also increased the fresh weight of biomass (22%), the number of pods (11, 11%) and the weight of seed (12,22%).</p>

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