Shoot and Root Responses to Water Deficits in Rainfed Lowland Rice

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Cruz ◽  
JC O'Toole ◽  
M Dingkuhn ◽  
EB Yambao ◽  
M Thangaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Area Index

A field study was conducted to determine the response of the rice cultivar IR54 to a gradient of soil moisture conditions imposed for 19 days at the vegetative stage using a line source sprinkler system. A mild plant water stress at the vegetative growth stage decreased tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), apparent canopy photosynthetic rates, leaf nitrogen per unit land area, shoot and total root dry mass, and total root length density. After complete stress relief by reflooding, LAI and crop growth remained below that of unstressed plants. The lower cumulative assimilation per unit land area in the stressed treatments resulted in reduced shoot and root dry matter yields and lower grain yields. Water stress increased the ratio of shoot dry mass to root dry mass, and the ratio of leaf area to total root length. The decrease in root length was attributed to increased soil mechanical impedance.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-448
Author(s):  
Cícero José da Silva ◽  
José Antônio Frizzone ◽  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Nadson de Carvalho Pontes ◽  
Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
E Mail

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO     Cícero José da Silva1; José Antônio Frizzone2; César Antônio da Silva3; Nadson de Carvalho Pontes4; Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva5 E Ênio Eduardo Basílio6   1Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Professor Aposentado Colaborador Senior, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossitemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, N 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Estudante de Iniciação Científica do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6Técnico Administrativo, Mestre em Olericultura, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiros submetidas a diferentes níveis de reposição da irrigação, aplicados via sistema gotejamento subsuperficial durante duas safras. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de irrigação: 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura (%ETc) medida com lisímetros de pesagem, sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiro. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por três fileiras de plantas de 5,5 m de comprimento, espaçadas a 1,10 m entre si e 0,30 m entre plantas. As avaliações de área foliar, índice de área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule, folhas, flores, frutos e total foram realizadas aos 45, 65 e 85 dias após o transplante das mudas. Irrigações deficitárias e em excesso prejudicaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de tomateiro. Os maiores valores de área foliar, índice de área foliar e massa seca total das plantas de tomateiro foram estimados com níveis de irrigação que variaram de 96 a 112% da ETc, variando de acordo com o ano de avaliação e a fase de desenvolvimento do tomateiro. Irrigações deficitárias e excessivas prejudicaram a floração e frutificação do tomateiro híbrido BRS Sena.             Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicom L.; gotejamento enterrado; manejo da irrigação; massa seca.             Silva, c. j. da; FRIZZONE, J. A.; SILVA, C. A. da; pontes, n. de C.; SILVA, L. F. M. da; BASÍLIO, Ê. E. Industrial tomato plant development in response to different irrigation levels    2 ABSTRACT   This research aimed to evaluate tomato plant development submitted to different irrigation replacement levels, irrigated via subsurface drip system for two harvests. The experiment was conducted under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Five irrigation levels were evaluated: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (% ETc) measured with weighing lysimeters over the tomato plants development. Each experimental plot was composed of three plants rows with 5.5 m long, spaced 1.10 m apart and 0.30 m between plants. Leaf area, leaf area index, root dry matter, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and total were evaluated at 45, 65 and 85 days after seedlings transplanting. Deficit and excess irrigation impaired the vegetative development of tomato plants. The highest values of leaf area, leaf area index and plants total dry mass were estimated with irrigation levels ranging from 96 to 112% of ETc, depending on the evaluation harvest year and the crop development phase. Deficit and excessive irrigation affected the flowering and fruiting of the hybrid tomato BRS Sena.   Keywords: Solanum lycopersicom L; subsurface drip irrigation; irrigation manegement; dry mass.

scholarly journals Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on rooting behaviour of grape cuttings

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
SHRUTHI REDDY L ◽  
GOPALA KRISHNA REDDY A ◽  
VANAJA. M ◽  
MARUTHI. V. ◽  
VANAJA LATHA. K.
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was laid out to study the impact of eCO2 (550ppm), eT (+3ºC) and their interaction (eCO2+eT) on rooting behaviour of cuttings of three grape varieties- Thompson Seedless, Bangalore Blue, and Dogridge in FATE and OTC facilities. Observations were recorded at 50 and 80 days after planting (DAP) and root growth data was recorded and analysed using WinRHIZO root scanner and its software. Analysis revealed that, among the selected grape varieties, Thompson Seedless cuttings has shown highest number of roots, root volume and dry biomass under eCO2 and eCO2+ eT conditions, while total root length and root length density were highest with Bangalore Blue. Under eT condition, Bangalore Blue showed highest number of roots, total root length and root length density, while root volume and dry biomass was highest with Thompson Seedless. The per se values of root parameters under all conditions and their response to eCO2 was lowest with Dogridge. Though eT condition reduced all the root parameters, their performance improved under eCO2+ eT indicating the presence of higher concentration of CO2 reduced the ill effects of high temperature. Overall, eCO2 and eCO2+eT conditions improved root parameters of grape varieties, while eT reduced them as compared to their performance under ambient condition and varietal variation is significant.

scholarly journals Effects of vegetation structure on biomass accumulation in a Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model (BOSVM v1.0)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4603-4663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yin ◽  
S. C. Dekker ◽  
B. J. J. M. van den Hurk ◽  
H. A. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Vegetation Structures

Abstract. A myriad of interactions exist between vegetation and local climate for arid and semi-arid regions. Vegetation function, structure and individual behavior have large impacts on carbon-water-energy balances, which consequently influence local climate variability that, in turn, feeds back to the vegetation. In this study, a conceptual vegetation structure scheme is formulated and tested in a new carbon-water-energy coupled model to explore the importance of vegetation structure and vegetation adaptation to water stress on equilibrium biomass states. Surface energy, water and carbon fluxes are simulated for a range of vegetation structures across a precipitation gradient in West Africa and optimal vegetation structures that maximizes biomass for each precipitation regime are determined. Two different strategies of vegetation adaptation to water stress are included. Under dry conditions vegetation tries to maximize the Water Use Efficiency and Leaf Area Index as it tries to maximize carbon gain. However, an important negative feedback mechanism is found as the vegetation also tries to minimize its cover to optimize the surrounding bare ground area from which water can be extracted, thereby forming patches of vertical vegetation. Under larger precipitation, a positive feedback mechanism is found in which vegetation tries to maximize its cover as it then can reduce water loss from bare soil while having maximum carbon gain due to a large Leaf Area Index. The competition between vegetation and bare soil determines a transition between a "survival" state to a "growing" state.

scholarly journals Sugarcane leaf area index modeling under different soil water conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (spe) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Teruel ◽  
V. Barbieri ◽  
L.A. Ferraro Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Growth Deficit

The knowledge of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) variation during the whole crop cycle is essential to the modeling of the plant growth and development and, consequently, of the crop yield. Sugarcane LAI evolution models were developed for different crop cycles, by adjusting observed LAI values and growing degree-days summation data on a power-exponential function. The resultant equations simulate adequately the LAI behavior during the entire crop cycle. The effect of different water stress levels was calculated in different growth periods, upon the LAI growth The LAI growth deficit was correlated with the ratio between actual evapotranspiration and máximum evapotranspiration, and a constant named kuu was obtained hi each situation. It was noticed that the kLAI must be estimated not Just for different growth periods, but also for different water stress levels in each growth period.

An evaluation of the minirhizotron technique for estimating root distribution in potatoes

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Parker ◽  
M. K. V. Carr ◽  
N. J. Jarvis ◽  
B. O. Puplampu ◽  
V. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Core Sampling ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYThe minirhizotron technique was evaluated for estimating root length density in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum‘Record’) by comparing observations in angled 45° glass tubes with corresponding root length densities obtained by (a) destructive core sampling, and from (b) counts of root tips on the soil face of excavated trenches. Measurements were made in a field experiment in Bedfordshire, UK, in 1985, with shallow and deep cultivation as variables, and in a glasshouse trial.Only at depths below 0·3 m did root lengths observed with minirhizotrons reflect at all closely those estimated from core sampling and even then there was a tendency to overestimate root density. In the surface cultivated layers, where 80–90% of the total root length was present, results from minirhizotrons were unreliable, probably because of poor soil–tube contact and, in soils which shrink on drying, preferential root growth at the interface between the soil and the glass.Minirhizotrons can provide a realistic estimate of the rate of root growth of potatoes with depth over time when compared with maximum depths of water extraction, but appear to be unreliable for providing a quantitative measure of total root length density.

scholarly journals The production of Physalis spp. seedlings grown under different-colored shade nets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Paulyene Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Pedro Maranha Peche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional  treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used. 

Winter wheat and maize under varying soil moisture: from leaf to canopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy Huu Nguyen ◽  
Matthias Langensiepen ◽  
Thomas Gaiser ◽  
Heidi Webber ◽  
Hella Ahrends ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Transpiration ◽  
Stomatal Responses

<p>Drought is one of the most detrimental factors limiting crop growth and production of important staple crops such as winter wheat and maize. For both crops, stomatal regulation and change of canopy structure responses to water stress can be observed. A substantial range of stomatal behavior in regulating water loss was recently reported while the crop growth and morphological responses to drought stress depend on the intensity and duration of the imposed stress. Insights into the responses from leaf to the canopy are important for crop modeling and soil-vegetation-atmosphere models (SVAT). Stomatal responses and effects of soil water deficit on the dynamic change of canopy photosynthesis and transpiration, and seasonal crop growth of winter wheat and maize are investigated based on data collected from field-grown conditions with varying soil moisture treatments (sheltered, rainfed, irrigated) in 2016, 2017, and 2018. A reduction of leaf net photosynthesis (An), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration (E), and leaf water potential (LWP) was observed in the sheltered plot as compared to the rainfed and irrigated plots in winter wheat in 2016, indicating anisohydric stomatal responses. Maize showed seasonal isohydric behaviour with the minimum LWP from -1.5 to -2 MPa in 2017 and -2 to -2.7 MPa in the extremely hot and dry year in 2018. Crop growth (biomass, leaf area index, and yield) was substantially reduced under drought conditions, particularly for maize in 2018. Leaf water use efficiency (An/E) and crop WUE (total dry biomass/canopy transpiration) were not significantly different among treatments in both crops. The reduction of tiller number (in winter wheat) and leaf-rolling and plant size (in maize) resulted in a reduction of canopy transpiration, assimilation rate, and thus biomass. The seasonal isohydry in maize and the seasonal variability of LWP in winter wheat suggest a possibility to use the same critical LWP thresholds for maize and wheat to simulate the stomatal control in process-based crop and SVAT models. The canopy response such as dynamically reducing leaf area under water stress adds complexity in simulating gas exchange and crop growth rate that needs adequate consideration in the current modeling approaches.</p>

IMPLANTATION SYSTEMS AND SURFACE IRRIGATION FOR MAIZE CROP IN LOWLAND AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
ELISA DE ALMEIDA GOLLO ◽  
ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA ◽  
MARCIA XAVIER PEITER ◽  
ENIO MARCHESAN ◽  
ROBSON GIACOMELI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Santa Maria

The raised seedbed implantation system and the use of surfaceirrigation can be important practices to enable rotation with rice and ensure theexpression of the productive potential of maize in lowland areas. The purpose ofthis work was to evaluate the use of implantation systems and surface irrigationon agronomic characteristics and grain yield of maize crop in lowland areas.Two experiments were conducted in the experimental lowland area of theFederal University of Santa Maria – UFSM, during the 2014/15 crop season.The experiments consisted in the use of implantation systems with and withoutraised seedbeds and surface irrigation. The evaluated characteristics were plantheight, shoot dry mass, leaf area index, yield components and grain yield. Plantheight, leaf area index and shoot dry mass are higher when maize is grown inraised seedbeds in lowland areas. The raised seedbed system can be consideredan efficient way to improve drainage in the cultivation area, resulting in a highergrain yield. The use of irrigation during periods of water deficit, in the criticalperiod of crop growth, increases the grain yield of maize grown in lowland areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document