scholarly journals Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on rooting behaviour of grape cuttings

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
SHRUTHI REDDY L ◽  
GOPALA KRISHNA REDDY A ◽  
VANAJA. M ◽  
MARUTHI. V. ◽  
VANAJA LATHA. K.
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was laid out to study the impact of eCO2 (550ppm), eT (+3ºC) and their interaction (eCO2+eT) on rooting behaviour of cuttings of three grape varieties- Thompson Seedless, Bangalore Blue, and Dogridge in FATE and OTC facilities. Observations were recorded at 50 and 80 days after planting (DAP) and root growth data was recorded and analysed using WinRHIZO root scanner and its software. Analysis revealed that, among the selected grape varieties, Thompson Seedless cuttings has shown highest number of roots, root volume and dry biomass under eCO2 and eCO2+ eT conditions, while total root length and root length density were highest with Bangalore Blue. Under eT condition, Bangalore Blue showed highest number of roots, total root length and root length density, while root volume and dry biomass was highest with Thompson Seedless. The per se values of root parameters under all conditions and their response to eCO2 was lowest with Dogridge. Though eT condition reduced all the root parameters, their performance improved under eCO2+ eT indicating the presence of higher concentration of CO2 reduced the ill effects of high temperature. Overall, eCO2 and eCO2+eT conditions improved root parameters of grape varieties, while eT reduced them as compared to their performance under ambient condition and varietal variation is significant.

Root depth of native and sown perennial grass-based pastures, North-West Slopes, New South Wales. 1. Estimates from cores and effects of grazing treatments

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge ◽  
S. R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Native Pasture

Studies were undertaken on native and sown perennial grass-based pastures as part of the Sustainable Grazing Systems National Experiment to estimate root depth and describe root distribution in these pastures. Samples from soil cores (0–210 cm maximum sampling depth) taken in 1997 (before grazing treatments were imposed) and 4 years later in spring 2001 were used to examine the effects of different grazing regimes on root length density (cm/cm3), root mass density (mg/cm3), root volume density (cm3/cm3), and diameter (mm) at each of 3 sites. In spring 1997, mean maximum root depth was 107 cm for a native perennial grass pasture near Barraba and 74 cm for a pasture sown with phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) near Nundle, with values being lower for a native pasture near Manilla (65 cm for a Brown Vertosol and 97 cm for a Red Chromosol). For all pasture types, >20% of root mass density, root length density or root volume density was in the 0–5 cm soil layer and >60% was at a depth of 0–30 cm. At all sites, mean total root mass was around 1000 kg DM/ha. After 4 years of grazing (spring 2001) there were relatively few significant effects of grazing treatment on root length density, root mass density, root volume density, or root diameter. Effects that were significant mostly occurred at 0–5 cm for the native pastures and 0–50 cm for the sown pasture. For the Barraba native pasture, root length, volume and mass densities (0–5 cm) were higher (P<0.05) in the continuously grazed, low stocking rate treatment compared with all other treatments. Similarly, for the Manilla native pasture, root length density was higher (P<0.05) in this treatment at soil depths of 0–5 and >5–10 cm compared with all other treatments. In contrast, for the Nundle sown pasture, root length density (0–5 cm) was lowest (P<0.05) in 2 continuously grazed treatments compared with those that were strategically grazed in autumn and spring.

An evaluation of the minirhizotron technique for estimating root distribution in potatoes

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Parker ◽  
M. K. V. Carr ◽  
N. J. Jarvis ◽  
B. O. Puplampu ◽  
V. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Core Sampling ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYThe minirhizotron technique was evaluated for estimating root length density in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum‘Record’) by comparing observations in angled 45° glass tubes with corresponding root length densities obtained by (a) destructive core sampling, and from (b) counts of root tips on the soil face of excavated trenches. Measurements were made in a field experiment in Bedfordshire, UK, in 1985, with shallow and deep cultivation as variables, and in a glasshouse trial.Only at depths below 0·3 m did root lengths observed with minirhizotrons reflect at all closely those estimated from core sampling and even then there was a tendency to overestimate root density. In the surface cultivated layers, where 80–90% of the total root length was present, results from minirhizotrons were unreliable, probably because of poor soil–tube contact and, in soils which shrink on drying, preferential root growth at the interface between the soil and the glass.Minirhizotrons can provide a realistic estimate of the rate of root growth of potatoes with depth over time when compared with maximum depths of water extraction, but appear to be unreliable for providing a quantitative measure of total root length density.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Hydroponic Lactuca sativa L. to Application of Fertilizer Organic VIUSID Agro®

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Alexson Vieira Pordeus ◽  
Lucas de Assis Moraes ◽  
David de Oliveira Medeiros ◽  
Letícia Carvalho Benitez
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Length

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production is a valuable crop for supporting family farms in the Brazilian semiarid region. The cultivation of this vegetable in a hydroponic system with foliar application of organic fertilizer can help in mitigating the challenges imposed by the region&rsquo;s edaphoclimatic conditions. Therefore, it is important to increase the lettuce production using new technologies. VIUSID Agro&reg; is an example of such technology that has the potential to increase lettuce yields. VIUSID Agro&reg; is a natural compound that actives molecular processes without affecting the environment adversely. This product acts as a natural bioregulator and is basically composed of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. The experiment&rsquo;s objective was to analyze the impact of VIUSID Agro&reg; organic fertilizer on the growth of hydroponic lettuce. The research was conducted on a family farm in Bom Jesus, Para&iacute;ba state, Brazil. The experimental was a completely randomized design with 5 VIUSID VIUSID Agro&reg; concentrations (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 mL L-1) and 15 replications. Among the indicators evaluated were the plant length, leaf number, stem diameter, root length, and fresh and dry biomass. The results showed that the 0.4 mL L-1 VIUSID Agro&reg; concentration produced greater growth than the control (0.0 mL L-1) for variables analyzed plant length, fresh and dry biomass of aerial portion, root length, fresh and dry biomass of root. The foliar application of VIUSID Agro&reg; improved the performance of the lettuce morphological characteristics in a hydroponic cultivation system. Although this is the first Brazil research evaluating VIUSID Agro&reg; as an organic fertilizer in hydroponic lettuce, results have shown promise.

scholarly journals Root Trait Variability in Coffea canephora Genotypes and Its Relation to Plant Height and Crop Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Larícia Olária Emerick Silva ◽  
Raquel Schmidt ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Valani ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Superficial Area

Coffee breeding based on root traits is important to identify productive genotypes under adverse environmental conditions. This study assessed the diversity of root traits in Coffea canephora and its correlation with plant height and crop yield. Undisturbed soil samples were collected down to 60 cm from 43 coffee genotypes, in which one of them was propagated by seed and all others by stem cutting. The roots were washed, scanned, and processed to quantify root length density, root volume, root superficial area, and root diameter. Additionally, plant height and crop yield were also assessed. Root length density ranged from 40 to 1411 mm cm−3, root volume from 6 to 443 mm3 cm−3, root superficial area from 61 to 1880 mm2 cm−3, and root diameter from 0.6 to 1.1 mm. Roots were concentrated in the topsoil (0–20 cm) for most genotypes. In deeper depths (30–60 cm), root length density, root volume, and root superficial area were higher in genotypes 14, 25, 31, and 32. Positive correlations were found between root traits and both plant height and crop yield. The results of this work may contribute to the overall cultivation of C. canephora, specially for crop breeding in adverse environmental conditions.

Successional status and root foraging for phosphorus in seven tropical tree species

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent C Blair ◽  
Ivette Perfecto
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Root Foraging ◽  
Successional Status ◽  
Nutrient Patches ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the impact of localized nutrient patches on above- and belowground growth of tropical trees was examined. Seedlings of seven tree species (Albizia guachapele Kunth (Dugand), Cedrela odorata L., Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavón) Oken, Dalbergia retusa Hemsl., Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp., and Swietenia macrophylla King) of varying successional status were used in a greenhouse container experiment. Treatments of homogeneous and heterogeneous P fertilization were used to determine each species' ability to forage morphologically for P. In each pot, root length density, average root diameter, and root length to shoot ratio were measured. It was hypothesized that early successional species would be most effective at taking advantage of the heterogeneous soil environment. This prediction was based on studies showing a high degree of soil heterogeneity in early successional forest environments and the need for plants to take advantage of this variability. The study found great variability in the foraging capacity between species, but the hypothesis that successional status and root foraging ability are related was not supported in the species tested. Overall, five of the seven species examined showed some indication that they were taking advantage of local nutrient patches. In four of these species, increased root length density was detected in P patches (A. guachapele, C. odorata, G. sepium, and S. macrophylla) and one species had decreased root width in the P patches (G. sepium). When comparisons were made between homogeneously and heterogeneously fertilized pots, G. sepium and C. alliodora appeared to take advantage of the heterogeneous resource. Both of these species increased aboveground growth in the heterogeneous pots and C. alliodora also had a decreased root to shoot ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen and Shading on Root Morphologies, Nutrient Accumulation, and Photosynthetic Parameters in Different Rice Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenggang Pan ◽  
Haidong Liu ◽  
Zhaowen Mo ◽  
Bob Patterson ◽  
Meiyang Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Superficial Area

Abstract Nitrogen availability and illumination intensity are two key factors which affect rice growth. However, their influences on total nitrogen accumulation, photosynthetic rate, root morphologies, and yields are not fully understood. We conducted two field experiments to (1) evaluate the effects of shading under different N treatments on photosynthetic parameters, root morphologies, total nutrient accumulation, and grain yields of rice; and (2) elucidate the relationship between total nutrient accumulation and root morphologies under different shading conditions and nitrogen treatments. Three nitrogen rates, three shading treatments, and three different rice cultivars were used in two field experiments. Double shading during the grain-filling stage decreased total nutrient accumulation, altered root morphological characteristics, and decreased yields in rice. There were also significant interaction effects between nitrogen and shading on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and total root length, root superficial area, and root volume. Significant interactions were found among cultivars and shading for photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. Correlation analysis revealed that total nitrogen accumulation (TNA) and potassium accumulation (TKA) were significantly positively correlated with total root length, root superficial area, and root volume. N application could alleviate the detrimental effects of shading on total nutrient accumulation and grain yield in rice.

scholarly journals Plasticity in Root Length and Volume Through the Alternate Wetting and Drying Water Management in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Giovani Greigh de Brito ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes ◽  
André Andres ◽  
Jaqueline Trombetta da Silva ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Plasticity ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Wetting And Drying

Saving water via rational management in paddy rice require efforts to minimize risks to food security, whether consider that its adoption by farmers generally lead to lower grain productivity. Recently, studies by meta-analysis approaches highlight that when soil water potential was higher than -20 kPa, grain yields are not significantly decreased. In this context, new efforts should be done by rice breeders aiming to improve the plant performance when submitted to a more severe alternate wetting and drying (AWD) aiming to face the increasingly extreme climatic events in the next decades. Thus, in this first-tier of the study, our main objective was to evaluate the responses of a genotypes set (cultivars and elite line) for some root traits plasticity and its potential to change gas exchange attributes and grain yield when plants are subjected to severe AWD irrigation management, even when soil water potential beyond this threshold (when soils dried beyond -20 kPa, even reaching -40 kPa). Our data highlight that the mean grain yield across genotypes ranged from 9.25 to 12.65 ton/ha when maintained under continuous flooding (CF) and from 9.52 to 11.67 ton/ha at AWD water management. Root plasticity responses across evaluated genotypes under AWD management were highlighted; BRS Pampa cultivar and Titan CL hybrid showed the greater plasticity index for total root length and total root volume. Data suggests that under severe AWD management, root plasticity in terms of more total root length and total root volume at 0-20 cm depth can leads to some contribution degree for higher grain yield and for its stability under AWD practice. These results can serves as a starting point to additional efforts via physiological breeding approaches aiming the construction of rice plant ideotypes more suitable for AWD management, especially take into account its contributions to mitigate potential impacts of future climate changes on food security.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Diversity for Root Traits and Identification of Superior Germplasm for Root Breeding in Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1279
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Katuuramu ◽  
W. Patrick Wechter ◽  
Marcellus L. Washington ◽  
Matthew Horry ◽  
Matthew A. Cutulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Diverse Range

Root traits are an important component for productive plant performance. Roots offer immediate absorptive surfaces for water and nutrient acquisition and are thus critical to crop growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, roots can provide the first line of defense against soilborne pathogens. Watermelon crop performance is often challenged by inclement weather and environmental factors. A resilient root system can support the watermelon crop’s performance across a diverse range of production conditions. In this study, 335 four-day-old watermelon (Citrullus spp.) seedlings were evaluated for total root length, average root diameter, total root surface area, and total root volume. Total root length varied from 8.78 to 181 cm (20.6-fold variation), total surface area varied from 2 to 35.5 cm2, and average root diameter and total root volume had an 8- and 29.5-fold variation, respectively. Genotypes PI 195927 (Citrullus colocynthis) and PI 674448 (Citrullus amarus) had the largest total root length values. Accessions PI 674448 and PI 494817 (C. amarus) had the largest total root surface area means. Watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus) had a relatively smaller root system and significantly fewer fibrous roots when compared with the roots of the other Citrullus spp. Positive genetic correlations were identified among total root length, total root surface area, and total root volume. This genetic information will be useful in future breeding efforts to select for multiple root architecture traits in watermelon. Germplasm identified in this study that exhibit superior root traits can be used as parental choices to improve watermelon for root traits.

scholarly journals Impact of Drought Adaptive Mechanism on Root and Root Associated Trait of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
S. R. Sahana ◽  
B. Mohanraju ◽  
K. R. Rekha ◽  
H. R. Raveendra ◽  
C. R. Nagesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Matter Production

Roots play a vital role in plants for a wide variety of processes, including nutrient and water uptake, anchoring and mechanical support. Some phenomenal literature supports several root characters which have relevance for stress adaptation. Root characteristics such as root length density, rooting depth and root distribution have been established as constituting factors of drought resistance. Under drought situation, roots can adapt to continued growth while at the same time, sending signals to shoot that exhibit growth an above ground parts of the plant. Development of plants with deep roots may in fact stimulate photosynthetic yields as these are considered to be more controlled by the carbon sinks of plants. In this context a field experiment was conducted during Kharif -2014 in the Department of Crop Physiology, to know the effect and variations in mutants of Rice for root and root associated traits along with growth and productivity besides a few relevant drought adaptive traits. The result revealed that, the root length ranged from 24.46 cm to 38.00 cm with a mean of 32.40 cm, while wild Type recorded 32.33 cm. Similarly, the root volume and root weight recorded 21.67cc to 65cc with a mean 35.51cc and 4 g to as high as 34.30 g with a mean of 17.13g when compared to Wild Type (27.92 cc and 18.49g respectively). The total dry matter production ranged from 16.39 g-1plant to 92.12 g-1plant with a mean of 52.73 g-1 plant while, the Wild type had a total dry matter production of 55.12 g-1plant. Mutants shows significant variations in root length, root volume, root weight and total dry matter production as compared to wild type and also observe the significant variation among the mutant. These mutants with higher growth character associated with root traits are potential mutant lines for further crop improvement programme.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Root Morphology in Susceptible and Tolerant Melon Cultivars before and after Infection by Monosporascus cannonballus

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Crosby ◽  
David Wolff ◽  
Marvin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
The Impact

The fungus Monosporascus cannonballus Pollock and Uecker infects melon (Cucumis melo L.) roots and causes root rot/vine decline disease, which has reduced productivity of commercial muskmelon and honeydew cultivars in South Texas. To assess the impact of the fungus on several root traits, two greenhouse experiments were carried out over two seasons. A comparison of inoculated vs. control root systems was carried out with four melon cultivars representing both susceptible (`Magnum 45' and `Caravelle') and tolerant types (`Deltex' and `Doublon'). The sand medium was inoculated with 50–60 colony forming units (CFUs) per gram of the severe Monosporascus strain, TX90-25. After a 30-day growth period, the control and inoculated root systems were carefully cleaned and evaluated. Roots were scanned by a computer and the data were analyzed by the Rhizo Pro 3.8 program. The traits of interest included total root length, average root diameter, number of root tips, number of fine roots (0–0.5 mm), and number of small roots (0.5–1 mm). Significant differences existed between the two tolerant cultivars and the two susceptible ones for four of the traits. Total root length, fine and small root length, and root tip number were greater for `Deltex' than for both susceptible cultivars and greater for `Doublon' than for `Caravelle'. The results suggest that tolerance to this pathogen is closely linked to the integrity of the root structure. The potential for improving root vigor to combat root rot/vine decline merits further investigation.

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