Current Applications of Tissue Culture in Plant Propagation and Improvement

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Smith ◽  
RA Drew
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Protoplast Culture ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Plant Propagation

Plant tissue culture involves the culture of all types of plant cells, tissues and organs under aseptic conditions. This definition also extends to the culture of excised embryos and to protoplast culture. An overview of tissue culture techniques and their applications in plant propagation and genetic improvement of plants is presented. The areas under review include: (1) embyro culture, (2) meristem culture, (3) micropropagation, (4) somatic embryogenesis, (5) somaclonal variation, (6) in vitro selection, (7) anther culture and (8) protoplast culture. Problems and limitations of each of the techniques are also discussed. Examples are given of work that has been undertaken or that is currently in progress on the application of these techniques to the improvement of Queensland's subtropical horticultural industries. Key examples are: (1) embryo culture to facilitate incorporation of genes conferring disease-resistance from wild Cucurbita species into cultivated varieties, (2) meristem culture for virus elimination in strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), (3) micropropagation for rapid increase in new varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) to enable more rapid field evaluation and early release, (4) micropropagation of disease-free, genetically uniform planting material of superior female papaya (Carica papaya) selections and banana (Musa spp.) selections and (5) the use of somaclonal variation and gamma-irradiation for the genetic improvement of banana. Finally, future opportunities for the utilisation of tissue culture in plant propagation and improvement in Queensland's horticultural industries are summarised.

RESISTANCE RESPONSES OF PLANTS REGENERATED FROM TOMATO ANTHER AND SOMATIC TISSUE CULTURES TO CLAVIBACTER MICHIGANENSE SUBSP. MICHIGANENSE

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Sotirova ◽  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Nedjalka Zagorska ◽  
Boyan Dimitrov ◽  
Nevena Bogatsevska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Somatic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Somaclonal Variants ◽  
Somatic Tissue Culture

The production of gametoclonal and somaclonal variants in tomato is of great importance for the genetic improvement of tomato hybrids and cultivars. The possibility to obtain tomato plants resistant to Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense (Cmm) through anther and tissue culture was investigated in the present study. Regenerants from anther and tissue cultures and their progenies (R1-R3) in the cultivars Roma ms and Bella, lines L. 24–13, and L. 6944, as well as the hybrids Roma ms × UC 82A, Roma ms × L. 31, Roma ms × Bella, and Cristy, were tested for resistance to Cmm. The regenerants differed in their resistance to Cmm. All regenerants from the anther culture of the genotype Roma ms and Roma ms × UC 82A are susceptible to the disease, while those from Bella and Roma ms × L. 31 vary from susceptible to resistant. The highest number of regenerants obtained from somatic tissue culture lacking disease symptoms until the end of the vegetation was observed in the genotypes Cristy and L. 24–13. Variation in regenerant resistance is found in R1, Rb, and R3. The results suggest that the gametoclonal and somaclonal variation may be efficiently applied to obtain tomato plants resistant to Cmm.

scholarly journals Application of Tissue Culture in Plant Reproduction

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Elena Corredoira ◽  
Rita L. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Improvement Programs

The increasing degradation of forests, together with a higher demand for wood and fruit, has led to the need for more efficient trees adapted to the current climatic conditions and, thus, to the need for genetic improvement programs [...]

Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation in tomato detected by a GACA-containing microsatellite probe and by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rus-Kortekaas ◽  
M. J. M. Smulders ◽  
P. Arens ◽  
B. Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Simple Sequence

In this study, a direct comparison was made of the ability of four selected random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a GACA-containing microsatellite probe to detect genetic variation in Lycopersicon. Of the 89 RAPD primers initially tested, 85 showed differences between a representative of Lycopersicon pennellii and L. esculentum, but only 4 distinguished among three L. esculentum cultivars. These four primers were subsequently tested on representatives of six Lycopersicon species. In pairwise comparisons of species, all or 14 of the 15 combinations could be distinguished by single primers. When the primers were tested on 15 L. esculentum cultivars, 90 of the 105 combinations could be distinguished by the four primers together. Finally, none of 118 tested primers showed reproducible differences among calli or progeny of régénérants from tissue culture, although some of the plants had inherited morphological mutations. The probe pWVA16, which detects GACA-containing microsatellites, could distinguish in TaqI-digested DNA the representatives of Lycopersicon species as well as all the L. esculentum cultivars tested. The probe was unable to detect polymorphisms among calli and the progeny of regenerants from tissue culture. An analysis of the results showed that the four selected RAPD primers were able to detect polymorphic bands among species at a frequency of 80%, and among cultivars at a frequency of 44%. In contrast, the microsatellite probe detected polymorphic bands at a frequency of 100 and 95%, respectively. The GACA-containing probe did not detect any common bands among the representatives of the six species, while band sharing with RAPDs was 48%. These results indicate that the two methods detect two types of DNA that differ in their degree of variability.Key words: DNA fingerprint, RAPD, simple sequence, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

scholarly journals Tissue culture-induced somaclonal variation of decreased pollen viability in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShuLan Sun ◽  
JianQiang Zhong ◽  
ShuHua Li ◽  
XiaoJing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Torenia Fournieri

scholarly journals Seleksi Toleransi Kekeringan In Vitro terhadap Enam Belas Aksesi Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena L. ) dengan Polietilena Glikol (PEG)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Erna Sinaga ◽  
Megayani Sri Rahayu ◽  
Awang Maharijaya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The objectives of this study were to study the effect of several concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the in vitro growth of eggplant, to find the appropriate PEG concentration for in vitro selection to drought  tolerance  of eggplant  and the drought tolerant eggplant accessions. The experiment  was conducted  at  the  Laboratory  of  Tissue  Culture,  Department  of  Agronomy and Horticulture,  Bogor  Agricultural  University.  The  experiment  was arranged  in  a  completely randomized design with two factor. The first factor was concentration of PEG (0, 5, 10,  and  15%) while the second factor was eggplant accessions (Kania F1, 001, 007, 013, 016, 030, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069,  071,  072,  078,  085,  and  090).  The  results  showed  that  the addition  of PEG  to  in  vitro media significantly affected the survival percentage, the percentage of callus, developed the bud and the number of leaves of eggplant. Addition of PEG 10 and 15% in media can be used as the drought tolerance selective agent of eggplant in vitro. Kania F1, 001, 007, 016, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069, 071, 072, 078, 085, and 090 were eggplant accessions which might be tolerant to drought.</p><p>Keywords: in vitro selection, solanaceae, tissue culture, tolerant, drought</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mempelajari pengaruh beberapa konsentrasi polietilena glikol (PEG)  terhadap  pertumbuhan  tanaman  terung  in  vitro, mendapatkan  konsentrasi  PEG  yang  dapat digunakan  untuk seleksi tanaman terung secara in vitro  dan nomor terung toleran terhadap cekamankekeringan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kultur Jaringan,  Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura,  Institut  Pertanian  Bogor.  Penelitian  ini  disusun dalam  rancangan  acak  lengkap  dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi PEG  terdiri atas  0, 5, 10, dan 15%.  Faktor kedua adalah nomor terung terdiri atas enam belas nomor (Kania F1, 001, 007, 013, 016, 030, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069,  071,  072,  078,  085,  dan  090).  Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa  penambahan  PEG  pada media  in  vitro  memberikan pengaruh  nyata  dan  sangat  nyata  terhadap  persentase  hidup eksplan, persentase  eksplan  berkalus,  pertambahan  tinggi  tunas,  dan jumlah  daun  tanaman  terung.  Media PEG 10 dan 15% merupakan media yang dapat digunakan untuk seleksi kekeringan tanaman terung in vitro. Nomor terung Kania F1, 001, 007, 016, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069, 071, 072, 078, 085, dan 090 merupakan nomor-nomor terung yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan.</p><p>Kata kunci: kultur jaringan, seleksi in vitro, solanaceae, toleran kekeringan</p>

scholarly journals Induksi Mutasi Kalus Embriogenik Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) melalui Iradiasi Sinar Gamma untuk Toleransi Suhu Tinggi

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Budi Setiawan ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Diny Dinarti
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Mutation techniques through gamma ray irradiation is useful to support breeding programs for genetic improvement of wheat. Genetic improvement on tolerance to high temperatures is necessary for development of wheat in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of radiosensitivity to be used as the basis for the induction of mutations by gamma ray irradiation on embryogenic callus to obtain putative mutants with high temperature tolerance. Explants used were embryogenic callus cultured on MS medium containing 30 g L-1 sukrosa, 2 g L-1 gelrite, 2 mg L-1 2.4D and 1 mg L-1 picloram. Culture incubated for 6 weeks with temperature 20±4 oC in the room culture. Five irradiation doses (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy) were used in radiosensitivity testing. A factorial, completely randomized design was applied to the experiment. The first factor was selection temperature with three levels (25, 30 and 35 oC), and the second factor was doses of gamma ray iradiation with three levels (10, 20, and 30 Gy). The result showed that radiosensitivity levels varied among varieties, LD20: 7.79 to 18.96 Gy and LD50: 24.29-33.63 Gy. Selayar variety which has highest sensitivity value compared with Dewata and Nias. Increasing doses of iradiation and temperature decrease survival of embryogenic callus, number of embryos, and percentage of germinated plantlets. Based on in vitro selection using high temperature (25, 30, and 35 oC), the obtained 19 putative mutants were derived from embryos that appear on the surface of embryogenic callus survival after irradiation and high temperature selection.<br />Keywords: in vitro selection, putative mutant, radiosensitivity, somatic embryo

scholarly journals Initiation of Ipomoea batatas Through Tissue Culture Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali ◽  
Ali Abido ◽  
Mohamed El-Torky ◽  
Badria Hassan ◽  
Marwa Abdelwahab
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Tissue Culture Technique
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