scholarly journals 217LUTEAL REGRESSION AND FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING PROSTAGLANDIN-F2± TREATMENT 3 DAYS AFTER OVULATION IN MARES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
D.R. Bergfelt ◽  
R.A. Pierson ◽  
O.J. Ginther
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Functional Regression ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The corpus luteum (CL) is responsive to exogenous prostaglandin-F2α (PGF) 1 to 2 days after ovulation in the mare (Troedsson et al. 2001 Theriogenology 55, 1891–1899); however, complete and sustained demise of the CL beginning less than 5 days after ovulation in response to PGF treatment has not been documented. The present study was designed to compare the morphological and physiological response of the primary CL to PGF given at early diestrus with a more conventional treatment given at about mid-cycle. In addition, follicle status pre- and post-treatment were examined and compared between the treatment groups. On the day of pretreatment ovulation (Day 0), riding-type horse mares were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of PGF (Lutalyse, Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI, USA;; 10mg/mare, i.m.) on Day 3 (n=17) or Day 10 (n=17). Beginning on either Days 3 or 10, transrectal ultrasonography was used to determine follicle and CL diameters, determine luteal tissue gray-scale scores (echogenicity), and to detect ovulation. Follicular and luteal measurements and jugular blood samples were collected daily until the post-treatment ovulation. Structural and functional regression of the CL was indicated by: 1) a progressive decrease (day effect;; P<0.0001) in mean diameter of the CL beginning 24h after PGF treatment in the Day 3 and Day 10 groups;; 2) a precipitous decrease (P<0.009) in mean plasma progesterone concentrations within 24h in both groups followed by a more gradual decline to basal concentrations by the second day in the Day 10 group or after the fourth day in the Day 3 group;; and 3) an increase (P<0.02) in mean luteal tissue echogenicity in both groups after the second day following PGF treatment. The mean intervals from PGF treatment to ovulation were not different (P>0.2) between groups (combined, 9.9 days) but the mean (±SEM) interovulatory interval was shorter (P<0.0001) in the Day 3 group (13.2±0.9 days;; range, 7 to 20 days) than in the Day 10 group (19.2±0.7 days;; range, 14 to 26 days). The greater the diameter of the largest follicle at the time of PGF treatment, the shorter the interval to post-treatment ovulation in the Day 3 (r=−0.57, P<0.02) and Day 10 (r=−0.74, P<0.001) groups. Growth rates of the preovulatory follicles were similar (P>0.59) between groups (combined, 3.6mm/day) but the maximum diameter was smaller (P<0.05) in the Day 3 group (40.5±1.2mm) compared to the Day 10 group (43.4±0.8mm). Unexpectedly, more (P<0.03) double ovulations occurred in the Day 3 group (6/17, 35%) than in the Day 10 group (1/17, 6%). In conclusion, an immature CL at early diestrus responded to PGF treatment in a manner comparable to a mature CL at mid-cycle. The Day 3 group ovulated an average of 6 days earlier than the Day 10 group as a result of the difference in timing of the PGF treatment between groups. Thus, these results warrant a reassessment of the prevailing concept that the equine CL is resistant to PGF-induced regression before 5 days after ovulation, especially when considering the potential benefits of a shortened interovulatory interval and an increased double ovulation rate.

scholarly journals QOLP-13. IMPACT OF CANNABIS USE ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi200-vi200
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rodriguez Almaraz ◽  
Nicholas Butowski ◽  
Susan Chang ◽  
Nancy Ann Oberheim-Bush ◽  
Jennifer Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Validated Instrument ◽  
Single Center Observational Study

Abstract BACKGROUND Nearly 80,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed this year, 32% of CNS tumors are malignant. Anecdotally, patients who report use of cannabis, frequently describe higher quality of life scores (QOL) in standardized instruments. However, the lack of available tools that allow systematic documentation of cannabis use results in a barrier to accurately assess efficacy, potential benefits and risks. METHODS We conducted a single center, observational study: patients with primary brain tumors answered a previously validated instrument to explore cannabis use. QOL was assessed using the instruments from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer: QLQ-C30 and its complementary module BN-20 as well as the EuroQol instrument EQ-5D-5L. Eligible participants were identified as cannabis users or non-users, completing the instruments in a self-administered fashion. RESULTS To date, 51 patients who signed informed consent were enrolled and answered the questionnaires, mean age was 51 (SD 12.95) years, 34 were male, 30 were considered active cannabis users (66.6% males and 33.3% females). The mean global health score in the QLQ-C30 instrument was 68.4 (SD: 20.7) among cannabis users and 82.2 (SD: 17.5) among non-users. The mean difference in QOL scores between users and non-users was 13.8 (95%CI: 2.8, 24.8; p=0.01). In contrast the difference between cannabis users and non-users in QOL index in the EQ-5D-5L instrument was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.2; p=0.001). Among cannabis users, patients perceive their symptoms as moderate before using cannabis and mild after using cannabis (p >0.001) CONCLUSIONS In our analysis, patients who use cannabis reported, on average, lower QOL scores. Potentially, sicker patients resort to cannabis to improve their symptoms and ultimately quality of life. The perception of patients is that cannabis usage improves overall quality of life. Findings provide support to perform prospective studies.

Induction of haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles in mares

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Ginther ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
E. L. Gastal ◽  
J. C. Jacob ◽  
M. A. Beg
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mean

A follicular wave and luteolysis were induced in mares by ablation of follicles ≥6 mm and treatment with prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on Day 10 (where ovulation = Day 0). The incidence of haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAFs) in the induced waves (20%) was greater (P < 0.007) than in preceding spontaneous waves (2%). Hormone and follicle dynamics were compared between induced follicular waves that ended in ovulations (ovulating group; n = 36) v. HAFs (HAF group; n = 9). The day of the first ovulation or the beginning of HAF formation at the end of an induced wave was designated as post-treatment Day 0. The mean 13-day interval from Day 10 (PGF and ablation) to the post-treatment ovulation was normalised into Days 10 to 16, followed by Day –6 to Day 0 relative to the post-treatment ovulation. Concentrations of LH were greater (P < 0.05) in the HAF group than in the ovulating group on Days 10, 11, 12, 14, –3 and –2. The HAF group had greater (P < 0.003) LH concentrations on Day 10 of the preceding oestrous cycle with spontaneous ovulatory waves. The diameter of the largest follicle was less (P < 0.05) in the HAF group on most days between Day 13 and Day –1 and this was attributable to later (P < 0.002) emergence of the future largest follicle at 6 mm in the HAF group (Day 12.4 ± 0.5) than in the ovulating group (Day 11.3 ± 0.1). The results indicate that the high incidence of HAFs after PGF and ablation was associated with later follicle emergence and immediate and continuing greater LH concentration after PGF treatment, apparently augmented by an inherently high pretreatment LH concentration.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of the clinical effects of high Air-Through soft diaper and standard diaper in Indian babies with diaper rash

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Salvi Anjali N ◽  
Rajiv Joshi ◽  
Amit Bhawe ◽  
Rinko Takagi ◽  
Haruko Toyoshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Diaper Dermatitis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

The incidence of diaper dermatitis (rash) in India is reported to be in the range of four to thirty-five per cent in children up to 2 years of age. To evaluate the clinical effect of using High Air-Through Soft Diaper and babies’ favourite diaper (Standard diaper) on Indian babies’ skin. This was a single-blinded, randomized, controlled, cross-over study. Eligible babies were randomized in two treatment groups. Babies in Group A used High Air-Through Soft Diaper for the first two weeks and then used standard diaper for the next 2 weeks. Babies in Group B used a standard diaper for the first two weeks and then used a High Air-Through Soft Diaper for the next 2 weeks. The study was completed with 105 babies. Theevaluation of the skin using the scoring system and photographs for representative purposes. At baseline, the mean total diaper rash scores were comparable in both Group A and Group B viz. 3.04 ± 1.00 and 3.30 ± 1.04 respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.195). After 2 weeks, the mean total diaper rash score increased significantly from the baseline in both Group A and Group B (5.05 ± 1.97; p = 0.001 and 6.16 ± 2.22, p = 0.001 respectively); the rise in the mean total diaper rash score was significantly more in Group B than that in Group A (p = 0.045). After 4 weeks, a significant increase in the mean total diaper rash score (1.31 ± 2.69; p =0.001) was observed from what it was at 2 weeks in the Group A and there was an insignificant decrease in the mean total diaper rash score (-0.52 ± 2.54; p =0.153) in Group B from what it was at 2 weeks; the change in the mean total diaper rash score was significantly more in Group A than that in Group B (P = 0.001). Both High Air-Through Soft Diaper and standard diaper in babies caused a significant increase in mean total diaper rash score. However, the extent and the degree of rash induced with the use of High Air-Through Soft Diaper was significantly less than that during the usage of the standard diaper. Thus, High Air-Through Soft Diaper due to technologies used in it appears to be superior to the standard diaper in reducing the mean total diaper rash score.

207 OOCYTE RECOVERY RATES AND IN VITRO BLASTOCYST PRODUCTION IN CATTLE TREATED WITH A SINGLE INJECTION OF FOLLTROPIN-V DILUTED IN A SLOW-RELEASE FORMULATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Ongaratto ◽  
A. Tríbulo ◽  
M. Ramos ◽  
P. Rodriguez ◽  
G. A. Bó
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Slow Release Formulation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean

We have previously shown that superstimulation of beef donors with a single intramuscular (IM) injection of Folltropin-V (Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, Ontario, Canada) diluted in a proprietary slow-release formulation (SRF; Bioniche Animal Health) results in in vivo embryo production comparable with the traditional twice-daily IM administration over 4 days (Tribulo et al. 2010 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 22, 367). Two experiments were designed to evaluate oocyte recovery and in vitro blastocyst production of oocyte donors superstimulated with Folltropin-V, administered in twice-daily injections or diluted in SRF and given by a single injection. In Experiment 1, crossbred beef cows (n = 11) and heifers (n = 5) were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups in a crossover design (i.e. all animals were treated 3 times, and all treatments were represented in the 3 replicates). All donors had all follicles >8 mm in diameter ablated by ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration on Day 0, received 500 μg of cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2α, Ciclase, Syntex, Argentina), and were treated as follows: Group 1 (multiple FSH): 160 mg of Folltropin-V divided into 4 IM injections administered twice daily (i.e. Days 1 and 2); Group 2 (single FSH): 160 mg of Folltropin-V diluted in 4 mL of 25% SRF and given by a single IM injection in the neck on Day 1; Group 3 (control): no FSH treatment. On Day 4, oocytes were aspirated from all follicles >3 mm in diameter by ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration, classified, matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.4% BSA, fertilized in Fert medium, and in vitro cultured in SOF supplemented with 0.4% BSA under oil at 37°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2, and saturated humidity for 7 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The mean (±SEM) numbers of follicles aspirated and oocytes recovered were higher (P < 0.05) in Groups 1 (multiple FSH, 13.6 ± 1.9 and 8.5 ± 1.0) and 2 (single FSH, 14.7 ± 1.7 and 9.4 ± 1.3) than in Group 3 (control, 8.7 ± 0.9 and 5.8 ± 1.0). The mean number of blastocysts after 7 days in culture was numerically higher (P = 0.2) in Groups 1 (2.1 ± 0.7) and 2 (2.6 ± 0.6) than in Group 3 (1.1 ± 0.4). In Experiment 2, lactating Holstein cows (n = 10) received 2.5 mg of estradiol benzoate and 50 mg of progesterone IM on Day 0. On Day 4, all cows received prostaglandin F2α and were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups, to receive 200 mg of Folltropin-V divided into 4 twice-daily IM injections or 200 mg of Folltropin-V diluted in 25% SRF and given as a single IM injection. On Day 7, oocytes were collected and treated like those in Experiment 1. The mean (±SEM) numbers of follicles aspirated (21.2 ± 3.5 and 14.4 ± 2.9), oocytes recovered (10.2 ± 1.2 and 13.8 ± 2.9), and blastocysts produced (4.6 ± 0.7 and 6.0 ± 2.0) did not differ for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.3). In conclusion, superstimulatory treatment increased the number of cumulus–oocyte complexes available for IVF compared with no treatment, and ovarian superstimulatory treatment may be simplified by the use of a single IM dose of a sustained-release product, compared with multiple doses of a conventional product, without a reduction in the recovery or quality of cumulus–oocyte complexes.

Effect of Endodontic Treatment on Serum Glutathione (GSH) Levels in Patients with Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Clinical Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 232020682095823
Author(s):  
Rhythm Bains ◽  
Aseem P. Tikku ◽  
Anil Chandra ◽  
Wahid Ali ◽  
Promila Verma
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To assess the before- and after-treatment levels of glutathione (GSH) in the serum of patients with chronic apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study involved 20 systemically healthy patients with radiographic evidence of chronic apical periodontitis in at least one tooth, of which 11 were finally assessed. 10 mL of the patient’s venous blood was obtained before commencing the endodontic treatment to assess the pre-operative serum GSH levels (T0). The canals cleaned and shaped, and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and filled with a calcium hydroxide based intracanal medicament. At the subsequent appointment after one week, teeth were obturated. The patients were recalled 30 days after the completion of endodontic therapy, and blood samples were assessed again at time frame T1 for serum GSH. The difference in pre- and post-treatment values for T0 and T1 was statistically analyzed. Results: The mean age of the subjects ( N = 11) was 21.09±3.24 years, with 19.50±0.71 years in female group and 21.44±3.50 years in the male group. The mean GSH at T0 was 11.73±8.30 units, which was increased to 14.04±13.96 units at T1. However, no significant change was observed in the GSH level from T0 to T1 (change = –2.30, t-value = –0.49, P = .635). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that endodontic therapy may play a role in restoring the systemic oxidative balance, as seen by the increase in post-treatment serum GSH levels.

The effect of plane of nutrition during rearing on growth, production, reproduction and health of dairy cattle. III. Milk production during the first three lactations

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Crichton ◽  
J. N. Aitken ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Feed Costs

1. The fat-corrected milk yields and butterfat and solids-not-fat percentages of the milk of heifers reared on the four planes of nutrition described in part 1 of this series are compared, i.e. high high (HH), high low (HL), low low (LL), low high (LH).2. The most significant feature of the F.C.M. yields was the poor performance of the HL group in each lactation. When variability due to differences in lactation length had been eliminated the yields of the HL group in the first and second lactations were found to be significantly lower than those of the other treatment groups.3. In the first lactation the mean B.F. percentages of HH, LH, HL and IX animals were respectively 3·92, 3·85, 3·81 and 3·74. These differences were significant at the 5% level. When the weekly yields and percentages of the HH and LL groups were compared it was found that the difference was almost entirely confined to the first 6 weeks of lactation. In the second and third lactations the mean B.F. percentages of all groups were similar.4. Only in the second lactation were the S.N.F. percentages significantly different between groups. No explanation can be offered.5. A comparison of the live-weight changes of HH and LL animals following successive calvings showed that recovery by the LL animals was most rapid immediately following first parturition and also during the first and second dry periods.6. The plane of nutrition during rearing had no apparent effect on the pattern of change in milk yield and composition between first and third lactations, except that HH animals showed a more uniform rate of fall in S.N.F.% between one lactation and the next compared with the other three groups. Heifer lactations were longer and the milk had higher contents of B.F. and S.N.F. than later lactations.7. The estimated feed costs of the rearing from birth to first calving of the HH, LH, HL and LL animals were markedly different.8. The results are discussed in relation to practice.

scholarly journals A SOMATOTROFINA BOVINA (bST) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O RECRUTAMENTO FOLICULAR OVARIANO DURANTE O CICLO ESTRAL DE VACAS

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. KOZICKI ◽  
M.S. SEGUI ◽  
J.C. FANTINI FILHO ◽  
F.R.A. PRADO ◽  
F. MATTÉ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Mean

O objetivo do experimento foi testar os efeitos da somatotrofina bovina (BST) no recrutamento de folículos ovarianos, durante o ciclo estral de vacas. Foram utilizadas seis vacas não lactantes Bostrurus taurus antes do experimento, os animais foram submetidos a exames ginecológicos completos, estando o escore médio da condição corporal dos animais em 3,0. As vacas foram divididas ao acaso em dois grupos: G1 - três animais, tratados com somatotrofina bovina recombinante (BST) 500 mg, de liberação lenta com vitamina E (IM); G2 - três vacas controles, que receberam 10 ml (IM) de solução fisiológica estéril como placebo. Para sincronizar o estro base das vacas foram utilizados implantes de norgestomet de 3 mg, na face externa da orelha (SC). O implante permaneceu por 10 dias seguidos nos animais de ambos os grupos e na sua retirada, utilizou-se uma dose de 500 ì g de cloprostenol (IM). No 3º dia pós estro os animais foram tratados respectivamente com BST (G1) e solução fisiológica para os controles (G2). Diariamente, a partir do dia do estro base até o próximo estro, os ovários das vacas foram “monitorados¨ ultrassonograficamente com vistas ao número de folículos recrutados em cada onda folicular, verificação do folículo dominante (FD) e sua evolução, bem como o diâmetro individual dos outros folículos. Para o monitoramento folicular ovariano, foi utilizado aparelho de ultrassonografia e transdutor linear de 5.0 megahertz. Foram detectados durante o ciclo estral em média 8,5 e 8,3 folículos maiores que 4,0 mm de diâmetro nos animais dos G1 e G2 respectivamente; em torno do 10º dia pós tratamento observou-se o maior número de folículos recrutados em ambos os grupos; houve cinco animais com 2 ondas foliculares e um com três, sendo o número de folículos recrutados em cada onda como segue (G1 e G2, respectivamente): 1ª onda 7,6 e 7,0; 2ª onda 8,3 e 8,0; dia da detecção do 1º FD 1,0 e 1,6 dias ; 2º FD 8,6 e 9,0 dias; duração da 1ª onda folicular 11,6 e 9,6 dias; da 2ª onda folicular 8,0 e 7,6 dias; diâmetro máximo do 1º FD 18,2 e 15,8 mm; do 2º FD 16,6 e 15,0 mm; diâmetro do corpo lúteo (CL) do estro base 30,7 e 24,3 mm; dia do diâmetro folicular máximo pós tratamento do FD da 1ª onda: 8,6º e 10,3º; do 2º FD 18,6º e 16,6º dia. Baseados nesses resultados concluiu-se que a aplicação isolada de BST no 3º dia do ciclo estral, não exerceu influência entre os grupos relativamente ao recrutamento folicular ovariano, à exceção da duração da fase luteal, a qual alongou-se significativamente (p0,05) entre os grupos. A administração do BST expressou uma tendência em maior número de folículos recrutados (p>0,05). The bovine somatotrophin in the estrus cycle and its relationships with the ovarian follicular recruitment in cows Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the bovine somatotropin (BST) on the ovarian follicular wave of estrus cycle in cows. Six nonlactating cows Bos taurus taurus, from which four Holstein Friesian, one Jersey and one Holstein-pingzgauer breed, were used. The cows were submitted to a genital examination prior to the experiment, the mean body score condition observed being 3.0. The animals were maintained on oat and azeven pasture, with corn silage and mineral suplementation ad libitum. The cows were ramdomly divided in two groups: G1 – three animals treated with 500 mg BST in the third day post estrus; G2 - three control cows (10 ml physiologic solution). Norgestomet implants on the ear internal face and intramuscular PGF2 alpha were used to perform the estrus synchronization. The bovine ovaries were daily scanned by ultrasound, from the estrus day to the following estrus, in order to detect the follicular development in each follicular wave. During the estrus cycle 8.5 and 8.3 follicles bigger than 4.0 mm of diameter were detected in G1 and G2, respectively. The highest number of recruitment follicles occurred in both groups around the 10th day post treatment; five cows had two follicular waves and the other, one. The number of recruitment follicles in each wave for G1 and G2 group was respectively: 1st wave, 7.6 and 7.0; 2nd wave, 8.3 and 8.0; 1st dominant follicle (FD) detection 1.0 and 1.6 days; 2nd FD detection 8.6 and 9.0 days; 1st follicular wave length, 11.6 and 9.6 days; 2nd follicular wave, 8.0 and 7.6 days. The maximum diameter of the 1st FD was 18.2 and 15.8 mm; from the 2nd FD 16.6 and 15.0 mm; CL diameter from the estrus basis, 30.7 and 24.3 mm; at the day of the major follicular diameter post treatment of the 1st FD (1st wave) 8.6 and 10.3; from the 2nd wave, FD 18.6 and 16.6 day, respectively. In conclusion, the isolated administration of BST in the 3rd day of the estrus cycle did not influence the follicular recruitment between groups, except on the length of the luteal phase (p0.05) between groups. The BST effect appointed a tendency on the greater number of recruitment follicles (p>0,05).

Safety and tolerability of topical polyhexamethylene biguanide: a randomised clinical trial in healthy adult volunteers

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317848
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Papa ◽  
Ivanka van der Meulen ◽  
Sylvie Rottey ◽  
Guy Sallet ◽  
Jolanda Overweel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Background and AimsPolyhexamethyl biguanide (PHMB), a widely used topical treatment for Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), is unlicensed with no formal safety assessment. This study evaluated its safety and tolerability.MethodsA prospective, randomised, double-masked controlled trial in 90 healthy volunteers. Subjects were treated with topical 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% PHMB or placebo (vehicle) 12× daily for 7 days, then 6× daily for 7 days. The rates of dose-limiting adverse events (DLAEs) leading to interruption of dosing, mild adverse events (AEs) (not dose limiting) and incidental AEs (unrelated to treatment) were compared. The primary outcome was the difference between treatments for DLAE rates.Results5/90 subjects developed DLAE within <1–4 days of starting treatment; 2/5 using PHMB 0.06% and 3/5 PHMB 0.08%. These resolved within 1–15 days. There were no significant differences in DLAE between treatment groups. Mild AEs occurred in 48/90 subjects (including placebo). There was no trend for an increased incidence of any AE with increasing concentrations of PHMB, except for corneal punctate keratopathy with PHMB 0.08%, which fully resolved within 7–14 days.ConclusionThese findings are reassuring for PHMB 0.02% users. They also suggest that higher PHMB concentrations may show acceptable levels of tolerance and toxicity in AK subjects, whose susceptibility to AE may be greater than for the normal eyes in this study. Given the potential benefits of higher PHMB concentrations for treating deep stromal invasion in AK, we think that the use of PHMB 0.08% is justified in treatment trials.Trial registration numberNCT02506257.

Regression to the Mean in Pretreatment Measures of Stuttering

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Robin Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Spontaneous Improvement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Pre-post treatment evaluation designs are common in stuttering research. Their propriety depends on the assumption that spontaneous remission is not likely. There are six studies to the literature in which stutterers have been measured on two occasions some months apart. In all studies there was a trend to less stuttering on the second assessment, but in no study was the difference between scores significant. One hundred and thirty-two stutterers awaiting treatment were assessed when they were first seen and then at the beginning of treatment 1–23 months later. There was a small but significant improvement between the two assessments. The size of the improvement was comparable to those reported in the six published studies. This spontaneous improvement occurs mainly in the three months following the first assessment, and there is little change thereafter. It is concluded that pre-post studies of subjects who waited more than three months for treatment are valid and that the observed improvement can be due solely to the effects of treatment. Studies that assess improvement from the time subjects are first seen should allow for spontaneous remission to determine the improvement due to treatment.

scholarly journals The Difference Between Gargling Using Betel Nut Seed (Areca Catechu) Extract and Chlorhexidine 0.2% Solution in Chronic Gingivitis Healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
I. Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Swastini ◽  
I. Gusti Agung Ayu Dharmawati ◽  
Ni Nengah Sumerti ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa ◽  
I. Putu Eka Widyadharma
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The use of mouthwash is an effective way to help cure gingivitis. Mouthwash that is often used is mouthwash containing antiseptic. Recently, there has been increasing use of traditional medicines that are considered safer such as areca nuts compared to chemically synthesized agents. The aim of this study was to calculate the difference in the healing of chronic gingivitis due to calculus between gargling using areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution. This was an experimental test with pre and post-test control group design and involved two treatment groups. A total of 30 subjects with grade 2 gingivitis were being admitted. The first group was given mouthwash with areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and another group with Chlorhexidine 0.2% twice daily for three days. The mean gingival index in the group which gargled using betel nut seed (Areca catechu) extract on the first day was 1,93±0,704 followed by 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day, on the other hand the mean gingival index in the group which gargled using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution was 1,93±0,704 on the first day, 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day. The mean gingival index decreased significantly during observation period in both treatment groups but when being compared to each other there was no significant difference in the healing time of chronic gingivitis in group which gargled using betel nut seed extract (Areca catechu) and Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution.

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