204 FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FOLLICULAR FLUID FROM DAIRY COWS FED TROPICAL FORAGE-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH INCREASING LEVELS OF SOYBEAN OIL

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. T. P. Batista ◽  
C. G. S. Ribeiro ◽  
N. R. Barbosa ◽  
M. A. S. Gama ◽  
F. C. F. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Matter Basis

Recent studies have shown that dietary supplementation with sources rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can improve reproductive perfor-mance of lactating dairy cows. However, no studies have reported the fatty acids composition of follicular fluid (FF) from dairy cows fed high-PUFA diets. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acids composition of FF from dairy cows fed tropical forage-based diets containing different levels of soybean oil (SO). Four multiparous Holstein-Zebu cows in midlactation (90 ± 25 days in milk) were assigned to 1 of the following dietary treatments (on a dry matter basis): (1) T1 (control) = no SO; (2) T2 = diets containing 1.5% of SO; (3) T3 = diets containing 3.0% of SO; and (4) T4 = diets containing 4.5% of SO. Diets were composed of chopped elephant grass and a concentrate mixture and the forage concentrate ratio was 55 : 45 (dry matter basis). The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square in which each period lasted 21 days. All cows received intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices and follicular waves were synchronized with 0.5 mg of gonadorelin. The FF from dominant follicles was collected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration on the last day of each period (Day 21) and centrifuged (10000 × g, 1 min) and the supernatant was frozen at -80°C until fatty acid analysis. Extraction and methylation of fatty acids in FF were performed according to the 1-step simplified method described by Masood A et al. (2005 J. Lipid Res. 46, 2299-2305). The fatty acid profile from FF was determined by gas chromatography as described by Cruz-Hernandez C et al. (2007 J. Dairy Sci. 90, 3786-3801). Treatment effects were determined by regression analysis using the REG procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and declared significant at P < 0.05. Nearly 30 different fatty acids (70% of the total area) were identified in the FF samples. The most representative fatty acids (% total area) for the 4 dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively) were C18 : 2 cis - 9, cis - 12 (19.8, 20.3, 16.1, and 24.2), C18 : 0 (17.7, 16.6, 19.5, and 16.8), C16 : 0 (12.2, 10.7, 11.3, and 17.8), and C18 :1 cis - 9 (6.5, 7.3, 5.5, and 7.7). Inclusion of SO in the diet linearly reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations of C16 : 1 cis - 9 (0.8, 0.7, 0.4, and 0.5) and C20 : 3 (1.2, 1.1, 0.5, and 0.7), but linearly increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of C18 : 1 trans - 11 (0.4, 0.4, 0.6, and 1.4), C18 : 1 cis - 11 (0.4, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.9), and C18 : 1 cis - 12 (0.2, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.7) isomers in FF. The increase in the concentration of C18 : 1 trans - 11 in FF from cows fed higher levels of SO was not accompanied by an increase in the proportion of CLA cis - 9, trans - 11 (0.9, 1.0, 0.7, and 0.9 for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). It suggests the absence or low activity of A9-desaturase enzyme in the follicular environment, unlike that observed in the mammary gland. In general, our results indicate that fatty acid composition of follicular fluid from lactating dairy cows is sensitive to changes in dietary supply of PUFA. Financial support: FAPEMIG (CVZ1815/06).

scholarly journals Effects of Lonicera japonica extract on performance, blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress during perinatal period in dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102
Author(s):  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Zhiwen Tang ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
Fuyu Sun ◽  
Linshu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Lonicera Japonica ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lonicera japonica extract (LJE) on milk production, rumen fermentation and blood biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress during the perinatal period of Holstein dairy cows.Methods: Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were used in a complete randomized design experiment with 3 dietary treatments and 6 cows per treatment. All cows received the same basal total mixed ration (TMR) including a prepartal diet (1.35 Mcal of net energy for lactation [NEL]/kg of dry matter [DM], 13.23% crude protein [CP]) from –60 d to calving and a postpartal diet (1.61 Mcal of NEL/kg of DM, 17.39% CP) from calving to 30 days in milk (DIM). The 3 dietary treatments were TMR supplemented with LJE at 0 (control), 1 and 2 g/kg DM, respectively. LJE was offered from 21 d before calving to 30 DIM. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were measured daily after calving. Milk and rumen fluid samples were collected on 29 and 30 d after calving. On –10, 4, 14, and 30 d relative to calving, blood samples were collected to analyze the biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress.Results: Compared with control diet, LJE supplementation at 1 and 2 g/kg DM increased DMI, milk yield and reduced milk somatic cell count. LJE supplementation also decreased the concentrations of blood biomarkers of pro-inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and haptoglobin), energy metabolism (nonesterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen metabolites), meanwhile increased the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase concentrations in blood. No differences were observed in rumen pH, volatile fatty acid, and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations between LJE supplemented diets and the control diet.Conclusion: Supplementation with 1 and 2 g LJE/kg DM could increase DMI, improve lactation performance, and enhance anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of dairy cows during perinatal period.

Intake and digestibility of fatty acids in late-lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Daniele da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Chaouki Benchaar ◽  
Lucia M Zeoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Flaxseed hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n−3 fatty acids but there is little information on digestibility of its nutrients by dairy cows. Four rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows averaging 665±21 kg of body weight and 190±5 d in milk at the beginning of the experiment were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding monensin and flaxseed hulls on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids. The four treatments were: (1) diet CO: control with neither flaxseed hulls nor monensin added; (2) diet FH containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g dry matter (DM); (3) diet MO with 16 mg monensin/kg DM; (4) diet HM containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g DM and 16 mg monensin/kg DM. Diets provided similar amounts of protein and net energy of lactation. Digestibility of crude protein was higher for diets containing flaxseed hulls and for diets supplemented with monensin. Flaxseed hulls supplementation decreased digestibility of acid and neutral detergent fibre. Significantly higher digestibility of ether extract and individual fatty acids was observed for treatments with flaxseed hulls compared with treatments without flaxseed hulls. A combination of flaxseed hulls and monensin did not result in better fatty acid digestibility than when feeding only flaxseed hulls.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the effect of glycerin inclusion in dairy cattle diet on milk fatty acid profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo N S Torres ◽  
João P A Bertoco ◽  
Maria C G de Arruda ◽  
Julia L Rodrigues ◽  
Larissa M Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Data Set

Abstract The use of glycerin in diets for dairy cows initially emerged as an alternative for the prevention and control of ketosis. However, despite some controversy, there are still several studies associating glycerin with increases in daily milk yield, with possible changes in its constituents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate, using a meta-analysis approach, the effect of glycerin inclusion in dairy cow diets on milk fatty acid. Twenty-two peer-reviewed publications with 66 treatment means were included in data set. The effect of glycerin inclusion in diet (treatment) were evaluated using random-effect models to examine the weighted mean differences (WMD) between a control diet (without glycerin in the diet) and the treatment diet. Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis performed for: genetic type; days in milk; experimental period; glycerin in diet; glycerin type and concentrate in diet. Inclusion of glycerin in the diet increased the digestibility of dry matter and protein, as well as ruminal propionate. It did not affect dry matter intake (P = 0.351) and milk yield (P = 0.730). The effect of glycerin inclusion on the milk fat yield is dependent on the genetic group, in which Holstein (WMD = −0.04 kg/d; P = 0.010) and Holstein-crossbreed (WMD = −0.10 kg/d; P &lt; 0.0001) cows produced less fat in milk compared to Jersey cows, when glycerin was included in the diets. Glycine inclusions of up to 100 g/kg in the diet of dairy cows did not negatively affect milk production and composition. However, inclusions above 150 g/kg of glycerin in the diet reduced the concentration of fat, and of unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA C18: 2 cis-9 and trans-11) in milk. The results reported in our meta-analysis does not demonstrate the effectiveness of glycerin in improving the composition of milk and a group of fatty acids of importance for human health such as C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA.

scholarly journals Elevated thyroid hormone caused by high concentrate diet participates in hepatic metabolic disorders in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qu Chen ◽  
Chen Wu ◽  
Zhihao Yao ◽  
Liuping Cai ◽  
Yingdong Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Background Feeding a high concentrate diet is widely used to satisfy high milk yields, however, if used over a longer term it can cause metabolic disorders. Abnormal secretion of hormones is one of the important causes of metabolic disorders caused by high concentrate diet, however, the related research is still limited. In total, 12 mid-lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to HC group (60% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6) or LC group (40% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6). All cows were slaughtered at the 21st day, and blood and liver samples were collected. Results Compared with LC group, HC group showed reduced serum triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and increased liver glycogen and glucose (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that genes related to gluconeogenesis, namely, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) were significantly upregulated and accompanied greater gluconeogenic protein expression in HC group (P < 0.05). The expression of hepatic genes and proteins related to lipogensis, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were downregulated in HC group (P < 0.05). However, the expression of genes and proteins related to β-oxidation, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) were significantly increased in HC group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum cortisol, thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and liver FT3 elevated significantly in HC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of thyroid hormone receptor (THR) upregulated at gene and protein levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions Taken together, this study first reports that abnormal secretion of TH induced by high concentrate diet participates in metabolic disorders, and it regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism through its actions on the liver in lactating dairy cows.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Gutierrez ◽  
R.C.M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Palmitic Acids ◽  
Matter Basis

Lipid extract and fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-300-A and Saccharomyces uvarum IZ-1904) grown in molasses medium were determined. In molasses, linoleic acid was found in higher levels (around 42%) and was followed by palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. The lipid extract varied from 1.02 to 3.13 gkg-1. In yeasts, the level of lipid extract varied from 16.65 to 31.12 g.kg-1 (dry matter basis) depending on the molasses type and yeast species. Both yeasts were able to incorporate fatty acids from molasses' and therefore linoleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids found in them.

Acceptability of high fat grain mixtures offered to grazing dairy cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

Levels of acceptance of mixtures of rolled oats and predominantly saturated, molten or free-flowing fatty acids were assessed with lactating dairy cows. Twenty cows grazed pasture and were offered rolled oats comprising 0, 2, 4, 8, 15, 25 or 40% (w/w) fatty acids. One kg/cow was offered twice daily to cows following milking. The acceptability of grain-fat mixtures was influenced by level of fatty acids. The fatty acid concentrations above which less than 95% of the supplement was consumed by animals ranged from 22 to 31%. Time spent eating the supplement was reduced by 2.4 s for every percentage unit increase in fatty acid concentration, while high air temperature increased (P<0.05) eating time.

A comparison between feeding systems (pasture and TMR) and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on plasma and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane K Kay ◽  
John R Roche ◽  
Eric S Kolver ◽  
Norman A Thomson ◽  
Lance H Baumgard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Feeding Systems

Unidentified constituents in fresh pasture increase milk fat cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration, and prevent milk fat depression, even though ruminal conditions conducive to reducing milk fat synthesis exist. One possible explanation is vitamin E (α-tocopherol), a constituent high in fresh pasture, but naturally low in conserved/dried forages and cereal grains. Twenty late-lactating dairy cows previously consuming a total mixed ration (TMR) were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments for 21 d: TMR (control; n=10); and TMR plus an additional 10000 i.u. α-tocopherol/d (VIT E; n=10). These cows were simultaneously compared with 13 late-lactation dairy cows previously grazing fresh pasture (PAS) balanced for age, parity and genetic merit. Average daily α-tocopherol intakes were approximately 468, 10520 and 1590 i.u./cow for the control, VIT E and PAS treatments, respectively. Dietary α-tocopherol supplementation (VIT E v. control) slightly increased milk fat content by 0·23 percentage units, but did not significantly alter milk fatty acid composition. Plasma trans-11 18[ratio ]1 (VA) content tended to increase and trans-10 18[ratio ]1 levels numerically declined following α-tocopherol supplementation suggesting possible changes in rumen biohydrogenation products. In addition, increased α-tocopherol intake in TMR-fed cows decreased serum urea levels and tended to alter milk fat 15[ratio ]0 suggesting changes in rumen microbial populations. However, when compared with cows grazing pasture, TMR-fed cows supplemented with α-tocopherol, still produced milk with lower cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA, and higher trans-10 18[ratio ]1 concentrations suggesting α-tocopherol is not a primary reason for milk fatty acid profile differences between pasture and TMR-fed cows. Therefore, additional unknown pasture constituents favour production of fatty acids originating from the cis-9, trans-11 instead of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA biohydrogenation pathways.

scholarly journals Effect of Feefing Protected Lipid on the Uptake of Precursors of Milk Fat by the Bovine Mammary Gland

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Gooden ◽  
AK Lascelles
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The feeding of protected lipid to lactating dairy cows resulted in a substantial increase in the proportion of fatty acid 18:2 and a decrease in fatty acids 4:0 to 16:0 in milk fat.

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