159 COMPARISON BETWEEN EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN AND PORCINE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE FOR IN VIVO PRODUCTION OF EMBRYOS IN ALPACAS (VICUGNA PACOS) SHOWING NATURAL LUTEAL PHASE AFTER INDUCTION OF OVULATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
W. Vivanco ◽  
E. Huaman ◽  
S. Leon ◽  
T. Nunez ◽  
A. Gregoire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Copulatory Position

Alpacas are animals with induced ovulation, andthey show high individual variation in the symptoms, duration, and regularity of oestrus or period of female receptivity to males; their follicular phase does not end in ovulation and subsequent luteal phase unless an external stimulation such as copulation or exogenous application of an ovulation inducing hormone is applied. The objective of the present study was to compare the use of eCG v. porcine (p)FSH as superovulatory hormones for the in vivo production of embryos in alpacas that were selected as being receptive to the male and were treated with an ovulation-inducing hormone to generate a luteal phase. Twenty adult (3 to 5 years old) female alpacas, located at Mallkini, Puno, Peru (at 4100 m elevation), were used for the trial. A group of females was exposed to males to test for breeding receptivity; 20 alpacas were receptive, adopting copulatory position. Each of the selected females received 3.75 mg of LH IM (Lutropin®, Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, ON, Canada). Day 0 was then considered the date of LH injection. The 20 alpacas were then distributed into 2 treatments: Treatment 1 (T1 = 10 alpacas) received on Day 2, 1000 IU of eCG IM (Pregnecol®, Bioniche Animal Health) and on Day 7, a dose of PGF2α IM (0.263 mg of cloprostenol; Ciclar®, Andeanvet-Zoovet, Lima, Peru). Treatment 2 alpacas (T2 = 10 alpacas) received from Day 2 and up to Day 5, at 12-h interval, decreasing doses of pFSH IM (100 mg; Folltropin V®, Bioniche Animal Health) for 4 days, and on Day 7, a dose of PGF2α IM (0.263 mg of cloprostenol; Ciclar®, Andeanvet-Zoovet). All alpacas from T1 and T2 were mated twice with fertile males, the first mating at 24 h after the injection of PGF2α and the second at 12 h after the first mating. All females received a dose of GnRH IM (0.0084 mg of buserelin; Buserelina®, Andeanvet-Zoovet) at time of first mating. The embryos in both treatments were collected 6.5 days after the first mating by nonsurgical transcervical embryo flushing. There were no significant differences in the mean number of blastocysts collected per treatment (P > 0.05), being 3.0 ± 2.87 blastocyst for T1 and 1.6 ± 2.67 for T2. The number of blastocysts per treatment was 30 and 16 for T1 and T2, respectively. The results show that superovulatory treatment with eCG is more effective for the production of viable blastocysts than treatment with pFSH in alpacas treated for superovulation during the luteal phase. This work was partially funded by Bioniche Animal Health.

412 OVARIAN RESPONSE IN ALPACAS (VICUGNA PACOS) TO SUPERSTIMULATORY TREATMENT WITH FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
T. Huanca ◽  
O. Cardenas ◽  
M. Gonzales ◽  
W. Huanca ◽  
L. A. Quintela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ovarian response in alpacas to superstimulatory treatment with FSH and eCG. Alpacas females (n = 49) were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer (Aloka SSD500, Tokyo, Japan) to determine ovarian follicular dynamics. Alpacas (n =41) were selected when a growing follicle ≥7 mm in diameter was detected and were given an i.m. injection of 4 μg of buserelin (Conceptal®, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA) on Day 0 (i.e. beginning of treatment). On Day 2, alpacas were assigned to 1 of the following 2 treatments: (1) the FSH group (n = 21), which received a total dose of 200 mg NIH-FSH-P1 of pFSH (Folltropin®-V, Bioniche Animal Health Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada) in decreasing dosages of 52, 48, 40, 32, and 28 mg divided in twice-daily i.m. injections for 5 days; and (2) the eCG group (n = 20), which received a single dose of 750 IU of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA). Animals received an i.m. dose of 0.150 mg of triapost (PGF; Iliren, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA) on Day 6. On Day 7, ovaries of all alpacas were examined by transrectal ultrasonography, followed by mating and embryo collection on Day 14. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The mean number of follicles <7 mm in diameter was 5.8 ± 1.0 and 3.2 ± 0.9 for those treated with FSH and eCG, respectively (NS). The number of follicles 7 to 13 mm in diameter was 5.8 ± 1.5 and 9.7 ± 1.2 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The number of follicles >13 mm in diameter was 0.3 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.3 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). The mean (± SD) follicle diameter was 8.3 ± 0.3 and 9.0 ± 0.2 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). The mean (± SD) number of CL was 6.0 ± 1.9 and 8.7 ± 2.3 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). Only 82.9% of animals (34/41) were flushed and embryos were recovered in 18 animals (52.9%), with 2.7 ± 0.4 and 2.7 ± 0.7 embryos in the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). Large unovulated follicles (diameter >13 mm) were observed in 34.1% of animals (14/41) on Day 14 and most of them (71.4%) were in the group treated with eCG (10/14; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of eCG resulted in a higher number of preovulatory follicles (7-13 mm in diameter) than FSH. However, the percentage of animals with large unovulated follicles was also higher in the eCG-treated group, resulting in no differences in the number of CL counted or embryos obtained per treatment.

122 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN WOOD BISON USING FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Adams ◽  
S. X. Yang ◽  
J. M. Palomino ◽  
M. Anzar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Synchronization Procedure

Recent progress with methods to control ovulation and semen cryopreservation in Wood Bison was the impetus to test the feasibility of timed AI to facilitate reclamation of this threatened species. A 2 × 2 design was used to compare the efficacy of 2 ovulation synchronization techniques and 2 semen cryopreservation protocols. Female Wood Bison were assigned randomly to 2 groups (n = 24/group) in which ovarian synchronization was induced by ultrasound-guided ablation of follicles >5 mm or intramuscular treatment with 2.5 mg of estradiol 17B + 50 mg of progesterone (E+P) in canola oil. A progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was placed at the time of follicle ablation (for 5 days) or E+P treatment (for 8 days) in the respective groups. A luteolytic dose of prostaglandin was given at the time of PRID removal, and 2500 IU of hCG was given IM 3 days later. Bison were inseminated 24 and 36 h after hCG treatment using frozen-thawed semen. The semen was collected by electro-ejaculation from 4 Wood Bison bulls, pooled, and divided into aliquots diluted in either egg-yolk extender (EY) or cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin extender (CLC). Half the bison in each synchronization group were inseminated with either EY- or CLC-extended semen. Bison were examined by ultrasonography every 12 h beginning on the day of hCG treatment for 3 days or until ovulation was detected, whichever occurred first. Pregnancy diagnosis was made by ultrasonography 34–36 days after insemination. Two bison were excluded during the experiment because of handling difficulty; therefore, the total number of bison used was 46. Ovulation rate and interval to ovulation were compared between synchronization groups by chi-square and t-test, respectively. Pregnancy rates were compared among groups by 2-way ANOVA after transforming data to arcsin. The ovulation rate was not different between synchronization groups [combined mean, 37/46 (80%)], nor was the degree of synchrony, as assessed by the residuals (variation from the mean) in the respective groups. However, the diameter (mean ± standard error of the mean) of the dominant follicle at the time of hCG treatment was smaller in the follicle ablation group than in the E+P group (10.5 ± 0.6 v. 13.9 ± 0.6; P < 0.04), and the interval from hCG treatment to ovulation tended to be longer (35.3 ± 1.6 v. 31.8 ± 1.3 h; P ≤ 0.10). Pregnancy rate was not affected by synchronization procedure, but pregnancy was detected only in the EY-inseminated group (9/23 v. 0/23; P < 0.01). Despite that post-thaw sperm motility was similar for EY and CLC semen (41.7 ± 2.9 and 44.6 ± 3.3%; respectively), CLC-treated semen failed to impregnate bison in vivo. We concluded that synchronization and timed insemination with frozen-thawed semen is feasible in Wood Bison. Of the 23 bison inseminated with EY-extended semen, 21 ovulated (91%), and of those that ovulated 9 became pregnant (43%). Both synchronization schemes were effective, but the ablation protocol may be improved by an additional day between ablation and hCG treatment. We thank Vetoquinol Canada and Merck Animal Health for providing hormone treatments.

Concentrations of total and free dehydroepiandrosterone in plasma and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva of normal and hirsute women under basal conditions and during administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2042-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Swinkels ◽  
H A Ross ◽  
A G Smals ◽  
T J Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay involving extraction with diethyl ether and chromatographic separation of steroids, we measured concentrations of salivary and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in 22 women with normal ovulatory cycles (ages 18-45 years). Salivary DHEA values closely correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. In the follicular phase the mean concentrations of salivary and plasma free DHEA were virtually equal [mean (SD): 0.61 (0.32) and 0.56 (0.34) nmol/L, respectively]. In the luteal phase, salivary DHEA slightly exceeded the plasma free DHEA [0.68 (0.40) vs 0.56 (0.38) nmol/L, P less than 0.01]. Also, during combined dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin administration in 25 patients with androgenizing disorders and in 10 normal subjects (each in the follicular and luteal phases), the concentration of DHEA in saliva strongly correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. During these dynamic tests, the mean concentrations of free DHEA in plasma and salivary DHEA in the hirsute women were significantly higher than the mean concentrations in the control women at all times before and after corticotropin infusion (P less than 0.05- less than 0.0001). In contrast, plasma total DHEA in patients exceeded nonhirsute values only at 15 min after corticotropin administration. In six of 25 patients total DHEA during combined administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin exceeded normal values by at least 2 SD. The response of salivary and free DHEA to synthetic corticotropin in this subgroup was also excessive.

Source of ovarian inhibin secretion during the oestrous cycle of the sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Mann ◽  
A. S. McNeilly ◽  
D. T. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Luteal Tissue

ABSTRACT The source of inhibin secretion by the ovary in the sheep at different stages of the oestrous cycle was investigated by in-vivo cannulation of the ovarian veins. Twenty-four Scottish Blackface ewes were allocated to four groups of six ewes, i.e. those operated on during the luteal phase (day 10), and those operated on during the follicular phase 24–30, 36 and 60 h following an injection of 125 μg cloprostenol on day 10 of the luteal phase. Samples of jugular and timed ovarian venous blood were collected under anaesthesia before and after enucleation of the corpus luteum. Ovaries were then removed and follicles dissected out. Following injection of cloprostenol, luteal regression occurred as indicated by a fall in the secretion of progesterone. The concentration of inhibin in jugular venous plasma and its ovarian secretion rate were similar at all stages of the follicular phase and during the luteal phase. In contrast, the secretion rate of oestradiol rose from 2·68 ±0·73 pmol/min during the luteal phase to 8·70± 2·24 pmol/min 24 h after injection of cloprostenol (P<0·05). Following enucleation of the corpus luteum the secretion rate of progesterone fell from 809 ± 270 pmol/min to 86 ± 30 pmol/min (P<0·001). There was also a smaller, artifactual fall in the secretion rate of oestradiol following enucleation of the corpus luteum, which was of similar size to a fall seen in the secretion rate of inhibin. This resulted in a significant (P<0·001) fall in the ratio of progesterone to inhibin, while the oestradiol to inhibin ratio remained unchanged. The secretion rate of inhibin from ovaries containing luteal tissue was similar to that from the contralateral side without luteal tissue (1·41±0·30 compared with 1·32±0·30 ng/min), while ovaries with large antral follicles secreted significantly (P< 0·001) more inhibin than those with no follicles ≥3 mm (2·28 ± 0·36 compared with 0·25 ±0·06 ng/min). From these results we conclude that, in the sheep, large antral follicles are responsible for most, if not all, the secretion of inhibin by the ovary at all stages of the oestrous cycle, and that the corpus luteum secretes little or no immunoactive or bioactive inhibin. Due to the fact that, unlike inhibin, the secretion rate of oestradiol rises during the follicular phase of the cycle, when the concentration of FSH is suppressed, it seems likely that oestradiol rather than inhibin is the major ovarian factor modulating the change in FSH secretion seen at this stage of the oestrous cycle. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 181–188

PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF OESTRADIOL-17β IN PREMATURE THELARCHE AND IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEXUAL PRECOCITY

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Escobar ◽  
Marco A. Rivarola ◽  
César Bergadá
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Premature Thelarche ◽  
Sexual Precocity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prepubertal Girls ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT Plasma Oe2 concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with premature thelarche, with precocious puberty and in 29 normal controls. The mean plasma Oe2 was 1.5 pg/ml (0–7.2) in normal prepubertal girls, 23.8 ± 17.8 (sd) in pubertal girls, 50.2 (± 19.4) in the follicular phase, and 94.2 (± 19.5) in the luteal phase of normal adult females. Ten girls with premature thelarche had a mean of 7.7 ± 6.6 pg/ml. Three of them showed higher values than the other 7, suggesting that in these cases, elevated levels of plasma Oe2 might have played a role in the development of breast tissue. Ten untreated girls with idiopathic precocious sexual development had a mean of 51.6 ± 42.9 pg/ml while 6 patients treated with 150 mg per week of medroxyprogesterone acetate had a mean of 11.4 ± 2.5 pg/ml. Two patients with Down's syndrome, hypothyroidism and sexual precocity had plasma Oe2 of 144 and 31.5 which fell to 24.7 and 8 pg/ml, respectively, after thyroid replacement. One girl with a granulosa cell tumour had a basal value of 304 pg/ml and a concentration of 27 pg/ml after surgery.

15 FERTILITY LEVELS IN EWES TREATED WITH MEDROXIPROGESTERONE ACETATE OR FLUOROGESTONE ACETATE SPONGES PLUS EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE OESTRUS CYCLE

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
F. Requena ◽  
B. Escribano ◽  
P. Tovar ◽  
J. C. Gardón
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Sexually Mature

Commercial programs of estrus synchronization in ewes are performed with intravaginal sponges impregnated with synthetic progestagens such as medroxiprogesterone acetate (MAP) or fluorogestone acetate (FGA). Normally, sponges are placed deep into the vagina in cyclic females at different points in the estrus cycle. The aim of the present study was to compare fertility levels in ewes with estrus synchronized by using commercial sponges impregnated with either 60 mg of MAP (eMAP) or 30 mg of FGA (eFGA), placed during the follicular or luteal phase of the estrus cycle, plus eCG. A total of 273 sexually mature Merino ewes belonging to the same herd, aged between 2.5 and 5.5 years and clinically healthy, were scanned by transrectal ultrasonography with an 8-MHz probe (Aquila, Esaote-Pie Medical, Maastricht, The Netherlands) to visualize the ovarian status in the reproductive season. Ovaries without CL and follicles ≥4 mm were considered in the follicular phase, whereas ovaries with CL and follicles ≤4 mm were considered in the luteal phase. Thus, estrus synchronization was performed in 134 ewes treated with eMAP (Sincrogest, Ovejero Lab, Spain), of which 40 were in the follicular phase and 94 were in the luteal phase. In contrast, 139 ewes were treated with eFGA (Sincropart, CEVA Lab, Barcelona, Spain), of which 42 were in the follicular phase and 97 were in the luteal phase. Sponges were removed in all females after 12 days and 500 IU of eCG (Serigan, Ovejero Lab, Leon, Spain) was given. Ewes were then placed jointly with rams, at a ratio of 5 to 1, until no signs of mount were detected. Twenty-five days after the withdrawal of males, pregnancy rates were determined by transrectal ultrasonography with an 8-MHz probe. Fertility levels of synchronized estrus with the eMAP or eFGA sponges during the follicular or luteal phase are expressed as a proportion of ewes and were analyzed by a chi-square Pearson analysis. Significance was set at a level of P < 0.05. After ultrasound scanning of the initial 273 ewes, 30.04% were considered to be in the follicular phase, whereas 69.96% were in the luteal phase of the estrus cycle. Pregnancy rate for eMAP-treated ewes during the follicular phase was 67.50% and was 69.14% for treatments during the luteal phase. In addition, for ewes treated with eFGA, pregnancy rate was 73.80% during the follicular phase and 73.19% during the luteal phase. No significant differences were found in pregnancy rates for either eMAP- or eFGA-treated ewes during the follicular or luteal phase of the estrus cycle. In conclusion, these results suggest that during the breeding season, fertility levels were not affected in ewes whose estrus was synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with MAP or FGA. In addition, pregnancy rates were not affected when the synchronization treatments began during the follicular or luteal phase of the estrus cycle.

scholarly journals Effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration on the mechanisms regulating puberty in the female guinea pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Riboni ◽  
C Escamilla ◽  
R Chavira ◽  
R Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

The effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration to newborn and 10-day-old female guinea pigs on puberty, ovulation and the follicular population were analysed. Peripheral sympathetic denervation beginning at birth resulted in the loss of ovarian norepinephrine content (0.95. +/- 0.1 ng/mg wet tissue in untreated control animals vs non detectable in treated animals). Guanethidine administration to newborn or 10-day-old guinea pigs advanced puberty (age of vaginal opening: 27 +/- 1.2 days (newborn), 26 +/- 1.7 (10-day-old) vs 37 +/- 0.7 (control), P < 0.001) and ovulation. The number of corpora lutea in control and denervated animals was similar (3.5 +/- 0.2 vs 3.3 +/- 0.3). The relative weight (mg/100 g body weight) of the ovaries and adrenals in the denervated animals autopsied during the late follicular phase (24-48 h after vaginal opening) increased (ovaries: 27.8 +/- 1.3, 28.9 +/- 3.0 vs 20.9 +/- 0.8, P < 0.05; adrenals 36.4 +/- 1.4, 37.0 +/- 0.8 vs 31.6 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05), while the uterine weight diminished (179 +/- 13, 149 +/- 28 vs 292 +/- 20). When the animals were killed during the late luteal phase (9-11 days after vaginal closure), the relative weight of the ovaries of newborn guanethidine-treated animals was higher than that of the control animals (21.4 +/- 1.7 vs 16.8 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05). The mean number of follicles counted in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in control animals (1736 +/- 230 vs 969 +/- 147, P < 0.05). The mean diameter of the follicles in the untouched control ovary in animals killed in the late follicular phase was significantly larger than from animals killed in the late luteal phase (263 +/- 3.9 microns vs 248 +/- 3.0 microns, P < 0.01). The mean diameter of the follicles measured in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in controls (animals treated from birth 274 +/- 2.0 microns vs 255 +/- 2.4, P < 0.05; animals treated from day 10, 286 +/- 2.3 microns vs 257 +/- 2.3, P < 0.05). When the mean diameter of the follicles in the left and right ovary of the untouched control was analysed, the follicular diameter in the left ovary was significantly larger than in the right ovary (309 +/- 6.0 microns vs 214 +/- 3.9, P < 0.01); the response of the left and right ovaries to sympathetic denervation was the opposite. The results obtained in the present study suggest that ovarian innervation plays a role in the regulation of follicular growth, maturation and atresia which is not related to changes in steroid secretion by the ovary, but to other regulatory mechanisms.

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE DURING OVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES IN THE RHESUS MONKEY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ONSET OF MENSTRUATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. K. Bosu ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT The levels of oestrone (E1)*, oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay in serial peripheral plasma samples from 11 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during ovulatory menstrual cycles. In 3 other monkeys luteectomy was performed on day 20 or 21 of the menstrual cycle. The mean plasma levels of oestradiol-17β predominated over the mean E1 during the follicular phase, but during the luteal phase the E1 and E2 patterns varied widely. Before menstruation, increased or unchanged levels of E1 and E2 were mostly found. The decrease found in a few monkeys never reached the low levels found during the days after the midcycle peak. The plasma levels of progesterone increased from less than 0.2 ng/ml during the follicular phase to maximal values within 3 to 4 days after the midcycle peak of oestradiol-17β. The plasma levels of progesterone decreased to less than 1 ng/ml and remained low for 3 to 5 days before menstruation. In the luteectomized monkeys the plasma levels of P, E1 and E2 fell dramatically within 24 h and vaginal bleeding was detected within 72 h post-operatively. In 2 of the 3 luteectomized monkeys the levels of E1 and E2 increased before the bleeding. The ratio of oestrogens (oestradiol-17β and oestrone) over progesterone changed markedly in favour of the oestrogens during the pre-menstrual period. It is concluded that the patterns of progesterone and oestrogens are divergent during the luteal phase. The maximal levels of progesterone are reached early while the maximal levels of oestrogens are reached later during the luteal phase.

Hormone production in vivo and in vitro from follicles at different stages of the oestrous cycle in the sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Mann ◽  
A. S. McNeilly ◽  
D. T. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Luteal Regression ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Oestradiol Production

ABSTRACT This experiment was undertaken in order to investigate the production of inhibin, oestradiol and androstenedione by ovarian follicles at different stages of the oestrous cycle in sheep. Twenty-four Scottish Blackface ewes were allocated to four groups of six ewes, i.e. those operated on during the luteal phase (day 10), and those operated on during the follicular phase 24–30, 36 and 60 h after the induction of luteal regression by an injection of 125 μg cloprostenol on day 10 of the luteal phase. Samples of jugular and ovarian venous blood were collected under anaesthesia and ovaries were then removed and all follicles larger than 3 mm diameter dissected out and incubated in medium for 2 h. After injection of cloprostenol, luteal regression occurred as indicated by a fall in the secretion rate of progesterone. The ovarian secretion rate of inhibin was similar at all stages of the follicular phase and during the luteal phase while, in contrast, the secretion rate of oestradiol was significantly (P < 0·05) elevated in the group 24 h after injection of cloprostenol. There was good correlation between the in-vivo ovarian secretion rate and production rate during incubation in vitro for both inhibin (r = 0·57) and oestradiol (r = 0·60). When follicle diameter was compared with in-vitro hormone production there was good correlation for inhibin (r = 0·72) with larger follicles producing more inhibin, while the value for oestradiol was somewhat lower (r = 0·57) owing to the presence of large atretic follicles with low oestradiol production. Androstenedione production showed a lower correlation with follicle diameter (r = 0·39). When the four time periods were compared separately, there were significantly (P < 0·05) more follicles with high in-vitro oestradiol production (> 90 fmol/min) in the group at 36 h than in the other three groups, while inhibin release in relation to follicle size was similar in the four groups. Large oestrogenic follicles were responsible for 90% of the total oestradiol production during culture while only providing 55% of the total inhibin production, with large non-oestrogenic and small follicles contributing 33% and 12% of inhibin production respectively. From the results of this study we conclude that while oestradiol is mainly produced by the large oestrogenic follicles, a considerable amount of inhibin is also produced by large non-oestrogenic and small follicles. We also found that a lack of variation in inhibin secretion rate in the intact animal was paralleled by a lack of variation in the pattern of inhibin produced from individual follicles. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 132, 225–234

scholarly journals Differentiating between the effects of heat stress and lipopolysaccharide on the porcine ovarian heat shock protein response1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 4965-4973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob T Seibert ◽  
Malavika K Adur ◽  
Ronald B Schultz ◽  
Porsha Q Thomas ◽  
Zoe E Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Protein Abundance

Abstract Heat stress (HS) negatively affects both human and farm-animal health and undermines efficiency in a variety of economically important agricultural variables, including reproduction. HS impairs the intestinal barrier, allowing for translocation of the resident microflora and endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), from the gastrointestinal lumen into systemic circulation. While much is known about the cellular function of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in most tissues, the in vivo ovarian HSP response to stressful stimuli remains ill-defined. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of HS or LPS on ovarian HSP expression in pigs. We hypothesized that ovarian HSPs are responsive to both HS and LPS. Altrenogest (15 mg/d) was administered per os for estrus synchronization (14 d) prior to treatment and three animal paradigms were used: (i) gilts were exposed to cyclical HS (31 ± 1.4 °C) or thermoneutral (TN; 20 ± 0.5 °C) conditions immediately following altrenogest withdrawal for 5 d during follicular development; (ii) gilts were subjected to repeated (4×/d) saline (CON) or LPS (0.1 μg/kg BW) i.v. infusion immediately following altrenogest withdrawal for 5 d; and (iii) gilts were subjected to TN (20 ± 1 °C) or cyclical HS (31 to 35 °C) conditions 2 d post estrus (dpe) until 12 dpe during the luteal phase. While no differences were detected for transcript abundances of the assessed ovarian HSP, the protein abundance of specific HSP was influenced by stressors during the follicular and luteal phases. HS during the follicular phase tended (P &lt; 0.1) to increase ovarian protein abundance of HSP90AA1 and HSPA1A, and increased (P ≤ 0.05) HSF1, HSPD1, and HSPB1 compared with TN controls, while HS decreased HSP90AB1 (P = 0.01). Exposure to LPS increased (P &lt; 0.05) HSP90AA1 and HSPA1A and tended (P &lt; 0.1) to increase HSF1 and HSPB1 compared with CON gilts, while HSP90AB1 and HSPD1 were not affected by LPS. HS during the luteal phase increased (P &lt; 0.05) abundance of HSPB1 in corpora lutea (CL), decreased (P &lt; 0.05) CL HSP90AB1, but did not impact HSF1, HSPD1, HSP90AA1, or HSPA1A abundance. Thus, these data support that HS and LPS similarly regulate expression of specific ovarian HSP, which suggest that HS effects on the ovary are in part mediated by LPS.

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