412 OVARIAN RESPONSE IN ALPACAS (VICUGNA PACOS) TO SUPERSTIMULATORY TREATMENT WITH FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
T. Huanca ◽  
O. Cardenas ◽  
M. Gonzales ◽  
W. Huanca ◽  
L. A. Quintela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ovarian response in alpacas to superstimulatory treatment with FSH and eCG. Alpacas females (n = 49) were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer (Aloka SSD500, Tokyo, Japan) to determine ovarian follicular dynamics. Alpacas (n =41) were selected when a growing follicle ≥7 mm in diameter was detected and were given an i.m. injection of 4 μg of buserelin (Conceptal®, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA) on Day 0 (i.e. beginning of treatment). On Day 2, alpacas were assigned to 1 of the following 2 treatments: (1) the FSH group (n = 21), which received a total dose of 200 mg NIH-FSH-P1 of pFSH (Folltropin®-V, Bioniche Animal Health Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada) in decreasing dosages of 52, 48, 40, 32, and 28 mg divided in twice-daily i.m. injections for 5 days; and (2) the eCG group (n = 20), which received a single dose of 750 IU of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA). Animals received an i.m. dose of 0.150 mg of triapost (PGF; Iliren, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA) on Day 6. On Day 7, ovaries of all alpacas were examined by transrectal ultrasonography, followed by mating and embryo collection on Day 14. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The mean number of follicles <7 mm in diameter was 5.8 ± 1.0 and 3.2 ± 0.9 for those treated with FSH and eCG, respectively (NS). The number of follicles 7 to 13 mm in diameter was 5.8 ± 1.5 and 9.7 ± 1.2 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The number of follicles >13 mm in diameter was 0.3 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.3 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). The mean (± SD) follicle diameter was 8.3 ± 0.3 and 9.0 ± 0.2 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). The mean (± SD) number of CL was 6.0 ± 1.9 and 8.7 ± 2.3 for the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). Only 82.9% of animals (34/41) were flushed and embryos were recovered in 18 animals (52.9%), with 2.7 ± 0.4 and 2.7 ± 0.7 embryos in the FSH and eCG groups, respectively (NS). Large unovulated follicles (diameter >13 mm) were observed in 34.1% of animals (14/41) on Day 14 and most of them (71.4%) were in the group treated with eCG (10/14; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of eCG resulted in a higher number of preovulatory follicles (7-13 mm in diameter) than FSH. However, the percentage of animals with large unovulated follicles was also higher in the eCG-treated group, resulting in no differences in the number of CL counted or embryos obtained per treatment.

36 FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS IN PROLIFIC SHEEP: PGF-BASED ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
L. Proctor ◽  
D. Tutt ◽  
D. Olliver ◽  
S. Galloway ◽  
J. L. Juengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
T Test ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

A study was designed to compare the effect of a prostaglandin-based synchronization protocol on ovarian follicular dynamics in sheep with the FecB (Booroola) mutation. Forty dry Romney sheep (57.6 ± 7.3 kg; 6.1 ± 1.1 years) were randomly selected from both Invermay Booroola (BB; n = 20) and commercial (non-FecB carriers, ++; n = 20) flocks. All ewes had their estrous cycles synchronized with 2 i.m. injections of PGF (150 μg of cloprostenol, Estrumate, Schering-Plough Coopers Animal Health Ltd., New Zealand) administered 7 days apart. Ewes were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography (Aloka 900-SSD and a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer, Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) daily from Day -2 to the day of ovulation. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Variances were compared with Barlett’s test. Paired t-test compared the number of preovulatory follicles in each genotype after PGF treatments and intervals from PGF to ovulation after PGF. Data are presented as mean (± SEM). The number of corpora lutea (CL) and total CL area at the time of the first and second PGF treatment were 4.4 ± 0.6; 5.7 ± 1.4 and 672.1 ± 133.5 mm2; 999.0 ± 145.9 mm2 in the BB and 2.1 ± 0.2; 2.1 ± 0.5 and 342.3 ± 60.7 mm2; 401.3 ± 68.6 mm2 in ++ ewes, respectively. These 2 variables were higher (P < 0.01) at both PGF injections in the BB than in the ++ ewes, except the CL area at the time of first PGF treatment (P = 0.15). The largest follicle diameter at the time of the first and second PGF treatments was smaller (P < 0.003) in BB (4.1 ± 0.3 mm; 3.5 ± 0.2 mm) than in ++ (5.3 ± 0.3 mm; 5.8 ± 0.1 mm) ewes. The median and mean number of follicles that ovulated after the first and second PGF treatment were higher (P < 0.0001) in BB (6 & 7; 5.7 ± 0.3; 6.9 ± 0.3; difference = 1.2 ± 0.4; P < 0.003) than in the ++ (2 & 2; 2.1 ± 0.1; 2.1 ± 0.1) sheep. The luteal area at the time of first and second PGF in both BB and ++ did not differ (P = 0.3). The intervals from the first and second PGF to the respective ovulations did not differ (P > 0.61) between BB (3.4 ± 0.2; 3.0 ± 0.3d) and ++ (3.5 ± 0.2d; 3.0 ± 0.1d) ewes. However, interval from the second PGF to ovulation was more variable (P = 0.002) in the BB than in the ++ ewes. Data of both groups were combined and a mean significant difference of 0.6 ± 0.2d (P < 0.003) was found between the first and second PGF-to-ovulation intervals. The interval from the first PGF to emergence of the next follicular wave was shorter (P < 0.02) and more variable (P < 0.03) in the BB (2.7 ± 0.4d) than in the ++ (3.5 ± 0.2 d) group. Preovulatory follicles were smaller in Booroola, but higher in number, than in ++ ewes, whereas the luteal area was similar. Within the BB ewes, the higher number of follicles that ovulated after the second PGF than after the first injection may be due to a higher follicular response to an elevated rebound in circulating FSH after the first PGF. A high number of growing follicles of the first follicular wave may also have contributed to this event. These findings warrant further research aimed at the study of the interaction between FSH and follicle dynamics in estrus synchronized sheep carrying the FecB mutation.

159 COMPARISON BETWEEN EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN AND PORCINE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE FOR IN VIVO PRODUCTION OF EMBRYOS IN ALPACAS (VICUGNA PACOS) SHOWING NATURAL LUTEAL PHASE AFTER INDUCTION OF OVULATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
W. Vivanco ◽  
E. Huaman ◽  
S. Leon ◽  
T. Nunez ◽  
A. Gregoire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Copulatory Position

Alpacas are animals with induced ovulation, andthey show high individual variation in the symptoms, duration, and regularity of oestrus or period of female receptivity to males; their follicular phase does not end in ovulation and subsequent luteal phase unless an external stimulation such as copulation or exogenous application of an ovulation inducing hormone is applied. The objective of the present study was to compare the use of eCG v. porcine (p)FSH as superovulatory hormones for the in vivo production of embryos in alpacas that were selected as being receptive to the male and were treated with an ovulation-inducing hormone to generate a luteal phase. Twenty adult (3 to 5 years old) female alpacas, located at Mallkini, Puno, Peru (at 4100 m elevation), were used for the trial. A group of females was exposed to males to test for breeding receptivity; 20 alpacas were receptive, adopting copulatory position. Each of the selected females received 3.75 mg of LH IM (Lutropin®, Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, ON, Canada). Day 0 was then considered the date of LH injection. The 20 alpacas were then distributed into 2 treatments: Treatment 1 (T1 = 10 alpacas) received on Day 2, 1000 IU of eCG IM (Pregnecol®, Bioniche Animal Health) and on Day 7, a dose of PGF2α IM (0.263 mg of cloprostenol; Ciclar®, Andeanvet-Zoovet, Lima, Peru). Treatment 2 alpacas (T2 = 10 alpacas) received from Day 2 and up to Day 5, at 12-h interval, decreasing doses of pFSH IM (100 mg; Folltropin V®, Bioniche Animal Health) for 4 days, and on Day 7, a dose of PGF2α IM (0.263 mg of cloprostenol; Ciclar®, Andeanvet-Zoovet). All alpacas from T1 and T2 were mated twice with fertile males, the first mating at 24 h after the injection of PGF2α and the second at 12 h after the first mating. All females received a dose of GnRH IM (0.0084 mg of buserelin; Buserelina®, Andeanvet-Zoovet) at time of first mating. The embryos in both treatments were collected 6.5 days after the first mating by nonsurgical transcervical embryo flushing. There were no significant differences in the mean number of blastocysts collected per treatment (P > 0.05), being 3.0 ± 2.87 blastocyst for T1 and 1.6 ± 2.67 for T2. The number of blastocysts per treatment was 30 and 16 for T1 and T2, respectively. The results show that superovulatory treatment with eCG is more effective for the production of viable blastocysts than treatment with pFSH in alpacas treated for superovulation during the luteal phase. This work was partially funded by Bioniche Animal Health.

251 FOLLICLE DEVIATION AND OVULATORY CAPACITY IN BOS INDICUS HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. U. Gimenes ◽  
N. A. T. Carvalho ◽  
M. F. Sá Filho ◽  
H. Ayres ◽  
J. R. S. Torres-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Two Phases

In Holstein cows, the diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) at the time of follicle deviation is 8.5 mm and the subordinate follicle (SF) is 7.2 mm (Ginther et al. 1996 Biol. Reprod. 55, 1187–1194). However, follicular responsiveness to an ovulatory treatment occurs only with 10.0-mm-diameter follicles (Sartori et al. 2001 Biol. Reprod. 65, 1403–1409). The current study tested the hypothesis that, in Bos indicus (Nelore and crossbred Nelore � Gir) females, the follicular diameters at the time of deviation and ovulation responsiveness are smaller than those in Holstein cows. The experiment was performed in two phases. In the first phase, 12 Nelore heifers were previously synchronized with a protocol using progestagen and estradiol benzoate. After implant removal, all heifers were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography (Aloka SSD-500, Tokyo, Japan) every 12 h until Day 5 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = Day of the ovulation) to assess the time of ovulation, the time of follicle deviation, and the follicular diameter at the deviation. In the second phase, 29 Bos indicus heifers (Nelore and crossbred Nelore � Gir) were previously synchronized with the same protocol as cited above. After the ovulations (Day 0), the follicles were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography every 24 h, until they reached the diameter of 7.0–8.4 mm (n = 9); 8.5–10.0 mm (n = 10); and &gt;10.0 mm (n = 10). In order to assess the ovulatory capacity, all animals were treated with 25 mg of LH (Lutropin-V�; Bioniche Animal Health, Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada) at these follicle diameter ranges. After the LH treatment, all animals were monitored by ultrasonography every 12 h for 48 h. ANOVA, Bartlett, and chi-square tests were used in the statistical analyses. In the first phase, the diameters of the DF and SF at the time of follicular deviation (61.9 � 4.9 h after ovulation) were 6.2 � 0.2 and 5.8 � 0.2 mm, respectively. In the second phase, the the average follicular diameters at the time of LH administration in the groups 7.0–8.4 mm, 8.5–10.0 mm, and &gt;10.0 mm were 7.6a � 0.1 mm, 9.6b � 0.1 mm, and 10.9c � 0.2 mm; and their ovulation rates were 33.3%a (3/9), 80.0%b (8/10), and 90.0%b (9/10), respectively (P &lt; 0.05). The interval from LH treatment to ovulation was 38.0 � 4.0 h, 31.5 � 2.7 h, and 30.0 � 2.0 h, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, in Bos indicus heifers, follicle deviation occurred with smaller diameters than previously reported in Bos taurus breeds. In addition, Bos indicus heifers are able to ovulate in response to 25 mg of LH with smaller diameters compared to those of Bos taurus breeds. Moreover, in Bos indicus heifers, ovulatory capacity is acquired by follicles as small as 7.0–8.4 mm, but this responsiveness significantly increases after follicles reach 8.5–10.0 mm. This work was supported by FAPESP (Proc:03/10203-4); Bioniche Animal Health, Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada; and Tecnopec, S�o Paulo, Brazil.

10 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROTOCOLS TO SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION IN BOS TAURUS TAURUS SUCKLING BEEF COWS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
G. A. Pessoa ◽  
A. P. Martini ◽  
J. M. Trentin ◽  
D. R. Dotto ◽  
H. L. D. Neri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
South Of Brazil

The aim of this study was to compare 3 methods for synchronization of ovulation in anestrous beef cows. The hypothesis of this study was to determine whether low doses of hCG has superior efficacy to cypionate to induce ovulation in anestrous cows and provide higher pregnancy rate in oestrus-synchronization programs. Synchronization of ovulation and conception rate to timed AI (TAI) were evaluated in anestrus Bos taurus taurus suckling beef cows 45 ± 15 days postpartum and with body condition score of 2.9 (1 to 5) maintained in a native pastured system in the south of Brazil. Females were evaluated with ultrasound on the Day 0 (D0) of the protocol (Day 0), day 8 (D8), immediately before TAI (D10), and 7 days after TAI (Day 17). All cows were synchronized with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (IPRD; 0.75 g of progesterone, Prociclar®, Hertape Calier Animal Health, Juatuba, Brazil) and 2 mg IM of oestradiol benzoate (EB; Benzoato HC®) on D0. On Day 8, the IPRD was removed and 150 μg of D (+) cloprostenol (Veteglan Luteolytic®), and 25 IU IM FSH/LH (Pluset®) were administered. Females of the EC (n = 84) group received 1 mg IM of oestradiol cypionate (EC; Cipionato HC®). Females on D8 of the hCG (n = 81) group received 500 IU IM of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape Calier) at the time of TAI. The females of the EC + hCG group (n = 83) received both treatments. All cows were submitted to TAI 54 h after withdrawal of IPRD. A part of the cows (n = 102) had the ovulation evaluated every 12 h from the withdrawal of IPRD [EC (n = 34), hCG (n = 34), and hCG + EC (n = 33)]. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS PROC GLIMMIX. The dominant follicle diameter (FD) on Day 8 (8.7 ± 0.2, 8.8 ± 0.2, 8.6 ± 0.2) did not differ between treatments EC, EC + hCG, or hCG (P = 0.79). However, the FD on D10 was higher (P = 0.001) for cows treated with hCG (12.9 ± 0.3) compared with cows from the EC (11.3 ± 0.2) or EC + hCG group (11.8 ± 0.2). The interval (h) between the withdrawal of IPRD and ovulation was lower (P = 0.01) for the hCG group, (71.2 ± 1.7) compared with the groups treated with EC or EC + hCG (76.6 ± 2.18 and 74.2 ± 1.65), respectively. The ovulation rate did not differ (P = 0.61) among the EC (85.2%, 29/34), hCG (91.1%, 31/34), or EC + hCG groups (90.9%, 30/33). Corpus luteum diameter (mm) was higher (P = 0.04) on D17 for the hCG-treated group (21.4 ± 0.3) compared with others treatments (EC = 19.1 ± 0.8 or EC + hCG = 20.4 ± 0.8). However, the plasma progesterone levels on D17 were EC = 2.0 ± 0.1, hCG = 2.4 ± 0.1, and EC + hCG = 2.3 ± 0.1 ng mL–1 (P = 0.19), and the conception rate on the 28th day after TAI (EC = 43.0%; hCG = 47.0%, and EC + hCG = 48.8%; P = 0.76) was also similar. The hCG determined smallest ovulation interval, but similar rates of pregnancy were observed with both treatments.

scholarly journals Comparison of ovulation induction with letrozole plus dexamethasone and letrozole alone in infertile women with polycystic ovarian disease: An RCT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Farzaneh ◽  
Fatemeh Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Disease ◽  
Ovarian Disease ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

Background: Infertility is characterized by the inability to obtain a successful pregnancy after 6 months or more with unprotected and regular intercourse. In developing countries, the incidence of infertility is 2%. The causes of infertility could be male factor or female factor, or mixed factor. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of comparison the ovarian response to letrozole alone and letrozole plus dexamethasone in infertile women with poly cystic ovarian disease (PCOS). Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 infertile women with PCOS referred to Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb hospital, Zahedan, Iran from February to August 2017 into two groups: group I received letrozole alone and group II recived letrozole plus dexamethasone. The endometrial thickness, follicle diameter, and ovulation were evaluated and compared by ultrasound on days 12 to 14. Results: The mean thickness of endometrium was not different between two groups. Pregnancy rate was 8% in letrozole group and 23% in Letrozole plus Dexamethasone (p = 0.024). Also, the mean diameter of follicles in two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Overall, this study showed that dexamethasone may increase pregnancy rate. Key words: Letrozole, Dexamethasone, PCOS, Induction ovulation.

310 DOES PROGESTERONE OR EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN IMPROVE THE SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE AND EMBRYO QUALITY IN WOOD BISON DURING THE ANOVULATORY SEASON?

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
J. M. Palomino ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
M. Anzar ◽  
M. R. Woodbury ◽  
M. P. Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

Superovulation protocols are being developed in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae), a threatened Canadian species. In initial studies, 2 doses of FSH diluted in hyaluronan given 48 h apart were successful for inducing ovarian superstimulation in wood bison, and ovulation rate was improved by final treatment with hCG instead of LH (Palomino et al. 2012 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 24, 226). In that study, exogenous progesterone had no effect on the number of ovulations, but embryo quality could not be evaluated because of the low number of embryos collected. In beef cattle, replacement of the final doses of FSH with eCG has resulted in the recovery of a greater number of ova/embryos. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous progesterone (PRID) on embryo quality and to determine if the addition of eCG increases the ovulation rate in superstimulated wood bison. Follicular ablation was done to synchronize follicular wave emergence in 26 wood bison cows during the anovulatory season (May). Cows were assigned randomly to 3 groups: PRID/no eCG (n = 8), PRID/eCG (n = 9), and no PRID/eCG (n = 9). A PRID was inserted on the day of follicular ablation (Day –1) in respective groups. In all bison, FSH diluted in hyaluronan (5 mg mL–1, MAP-5, Bioniche Animal Health Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada) was given intramuscularly on Day 0 (300 mg) and Day 2 (100 mg). On Day 3, a single dose of 450 IU of eCG (Pregnecol, Bioniche Animal Health Inc.) was given intramuscularly and the PRID were removed in the corresponding groups. On Day 5, all bison were given 2500 IU of hCG (Chorulon, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) intramuscularly to induce ovulation. Bison were inseminated with chilled semen 12 and 24 h later. Nonsurgical embryo collection was performed on Day 14. Transrectal ultrasonography was done to record the ovarian response, ovulation rate, and number of corpora lutea (CL). Results were compared by ANOVA and Chi-squared test (Table 1). The number of ovulatory-sized follicles (≥9 mm) on Day 5 did not differ among groups. Ovulation rate was lowest in bison treated with both a PRID and eCG (P < 0.05). There were no differences among groups in the number of CL on Day 14, the number of ova/embryos collected, or the number of transferable embryos. The superovulatory response and embryo collection rate in the present study were higher than in any previous reports in bison. The ovulation rate was not improved by the addition of eCG treatment, and exogenous progesterone had no effect on embryo quality. Table 1.Response of superstimulated wood bison (mean ± SEM) to treatment with exogenous progesterone (PRID) and/or eCG

Inadequate function of corpora lutea following the induction of ovulation with monensin and FSH in seasonally anoestrous ewes

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Sixteen ewes in mid-seasonal anoestrus were stimulated to ovulate using sequential injections of FSH (total dose 10 mg) over a 4-day period. Half of the ewes received a dietary growth promotant (monensin) known to enhance the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotrophins. The ewes were ovariectomized on day 5 or 11 (day 0 = the initiation of FSH treatment). Serial blood samples were taken in half of the ewes to determine peripheral concentrations of LH and a single sample of ovarian venous blood was collected before ovariectomy. All luteal structures were dissected from the ovaries, counted and incubated in vitro to determine progesterone production. The luteal structures were then examined histologically for the abundance of luteal cells. The physical appearance of the ovary, along with plasma concentrations of LH and ovarian venous oestradiol indicated that the monensin-treated ewes ovulated before control ewes. The corpora lutea from control ewes produced significantly (P <0·05) more progesterone than did the corpora lutea from the monensin-treated group. Furthermore, only 7% of the remaining luteal structures in the monensin-treated group produced significant amounts of progesterone on day 11, whereas 61% of the luteal structures in the control group were actively secreting progesterone. The mean number of granulosa cells in the follicles was similar at ovulation in the two groups, but the mean numbers of large and small luteal cells were significantly (P <0·05) lower in luteal structures from the monensin-treated ewes than in those from the control ewes. It is therefore postulated that inadequate corpora lutea function following precocious ovulation is due to a lack of luteal cell development formed after premature luteinization. J. Endocr. (1988) 117, 167–172

scholarly journals Short Communication. Embryo yield in llamas synchronized with two different intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices and superovulated with eCG

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e04SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Aller ◽  
Marcos C. Abalos ◽  
Francisco A. Acuña ◽  
Rosana Virgili ◽  
Francisco Requena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Lama Glama ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

<p>The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of two intravaginal devices (ID) containing the same dose (0.5 g) of progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>) on subsequent ovarian response, embryo production and circulating P<sub>4</sub> concentration profile in llamas (<em>Lama glama</em>) treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for ovarian superstimulation. Female llamas were randomly assigned (n = 10 llamas per group) to one of the following groups and treated (Day 0) with an ID containing 0.5 g of vegetal P<sub>4</sub> to synchronize the emergence of a new follicular wave: i) DIB 0.5<sup>®</sup> and ii) Cronipres M15<sup>®</sup>. On Day 3 llamas were intramuscularly treated with 1000 IU of eCG. The IDs were removed on Day 7. Llamas were naturally mated (Day 9) and treated with GnRH analogue to induce ovulation. A second mating was allowed 24 h later. Embryos were collected between 7 and 8 days after the first mating. Blood samples were taken every day from Day 0 to Day 7 to measure circulating P<sub>4 </sub>concentrations. The results indicated that DIB device maintained greater plasma P<sub>4</sub> levels as compared to Cronipres until Day 2. However, the mean (± SD) number of corpora lutea and recovered embryos was not affected (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05) by the type of ID (5.3 ± 2.6 <em>vs</em> 4.2 ± 2.2 and 3.5 ± 2.7 <em>vs</em> 2.6 ± 3.0 for DIB and Cronipres, respectively). In conclusion, both DIB and Cronipres devices can be successfully used to synchronize the emergence of follicular wave prior to a single dose of eCG in superovulation protocol in llamas.</p>

Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Albrakati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Mean

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol + Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.

scholarly journals When is a Match Sufficient? A Score-based Balance Metric for the Synthetic Control Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Layla Parast ◽  
Priscillia Hunt ◽  
Beth Ann Griffin ◽  
David Powell
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Synthetic Control Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn some applications, researchers using the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of a policy may struggle to determine whether they have identified a “good match” between the control group and treated group. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of the mean and maximum Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) as a test of balance between a synthetic control unit and treated unit, and provide guidance on what constitutes a poor fit when using a synthetic control. We explore and compare other potential metrics using a simulation study. We provide an application of our proposed balance metric to the 2013 Los Angeles (LA) Firearm Study [9]. Using Uniform Crime Report data, we apply the SCM to obtain a counterfactual for the LA firearm-related crime rate based on a weighted combination of control units in a donor pool of cities. We use this counterfactual to estimate the effect of the LA Firearm Study intervention and explore the impact of changing the donor pool and pre-intervention duration period on resulting matches and estimated effects. We demonstrate how decision-making about the quality of a synthetic control can be improved by using ASMD. The mean and max ASMD clearly differentiate between poor matches and good matches. Researchers need better guidance on what is a meaningful imbalance between synthetic control and treated groups. In addition to the use of gap plots, the proposed balance metric can provide an objective way of determining fit.

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