50 Effects of Cathepsin B Inhibitor E64 on the Survival Rate of Cryopreserved Semen from Korean Brindled Bulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
S. W. Kim ◽  
M.-S. Kim ◽  
C.-L. Kim ◽  
I. S. Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Korean brindled cattle have distinctive coat colour and are regarded as rare cattle in the Korean peninsula. To preserve the line as a genetic resource for diversity in cattle, semen cryopreservation has been used for selection of individuals for breeding between local AI centers. Nevertheless, the survival and viability of frozen semen from Korean brindled bulls is not uniform due to the difference between the individual bulls or experimental techniques. In this study, E64, a cathepsin B inhibitor, was used at final concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, and 1 µM to test the viability of frozen semen. To prepare frozen semen, a triladyl-egg yolk diluent with 6.4% glycerol was used in a two-step freezing method with 4 different bulls with 3 repeats. A total of 12 ejaculates was diluted to a concentration of 50 to 100 × 106 mL−1 at room temperature, and slowly cooled from room temperature to 5°C in 2 to 3 h. The cooled semen was diluted 1:1 with a secondary diluent containing E64 to prepare the experimental group. After loading, 0.5-mL straws were immersed into liquid nitrogen after 10 min exposure at 5 cm above the nitrogen using a styrofoam box. The viability of spermatozoa after thawing at 37°C for 40 s was analysed by Student’s t-test. The rate of surviving sperm in the 1 µM E64 group (82 ± 4.3%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (71.2 ± 2.0%; P < 0.05). However, the 0.05 and 0.5 µM E64 treatment groups lead to similar rates (77.5 ± 2.0% and 75.0 ± 5.0%, respectively; P > 0.05). Based on these results, it is expected that E64 could be used for the improvement of productivity of frozen semen; further results on in vitro fertilization and development are ongoing.

322 EFFECT OF SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE ON BUFFALO SPERM CAPACITATION IN VITRO

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Boccia ◽  
L. Attanasio ◽  
A. De Rosa ◽  
G. Pellerano ◽  
R. Di Palo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Frozen Semen

The overall in vitro embryo production efficiency in buffalo is hampered by the poor fertilization rate. It is known that the quality of the frozen semen may affect fertilization efficiency. However, it is not possible to rule out that the process of capacitation, required by spermatozoa to acquire the fertilizing ability, is impaired in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) system. Although several agents have been proven to induce sperm capacitation in vitro, heparin treatment is still the most efficient method in most of the domestic species. There is evidence that capacitation is part of an oxidative process and that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a capacitation inducer in human (Herrero et al. 1999 Biol. Reprod. 61, 575–581) and bovine (Rodriguez et al. 2005 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 85, 231–242) spermatozoa. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a well-known generator of NO in vitro, improves buffalo sperm capacitation in vitro. Frozen–thawed sperm from a bull previously tested for IVF were treated by swim-up in order to select only the motile population. Spermatozoa were incubated in the presence of 0.01 mM heparin (control group) for 1 h (n = 266), 2 h (n = 270), and 3 h (n = 306), and in the presence of 10 �M SNP for 1 h (n = 302), 2 h (n = 286), and 3 h (n = 260). The concentration of SNP was chosen on the basis of a preliminary dose-response trial (0.1 �M, 1 �M, and 10 �M). Following incubation with these agents, sperm were exposed for 15 min to 60 �g mL-1 of lysophosphatidylcholine, an agent known to induce acrosome reaction only on capacitated spermatozoa. Trypan blue was used first to differentiate live from dead spermatozoa and the dried smears were then fixed in 37% formaldehyde and stained with Giemsa for acrosome evaluation by microscopic examination. The proportion of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa in each group was used to assess the efficiency of capacitation under different incubation conditions. Differences between groups were analyzed by chi-squared test. No dead spermatozoa were found in all groups. Following 1-h sperm treatment with either heparin or SNP, the proportion of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa was similar (35.3% vs. 28.5%, respectively). However, extending the incubation time to 2 h, SNP significantly (P &lt; 0.01) increased the incidence of acrosome reaction compared to heparin (60.1% vs. 44.1%, respectively). Analogously, when the sperm treatment was prolonged to 3 h, SNP gave a significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher percentage of acrosome reaction compared to the control (68.8% vs. 36.6%, respectively). In conclusion, sperm treatment with SNP for either 2 or 3 h significant improved the efficiency of buffalo sperm capacitation in vitro compared with heparin, that is, the capacitating agent currently used in the IVF system. The promoting effect of SNP indirectly indicates that NO acts as a capacitation inducer in buffalo spermatozoa. Finally, these results suggest the need to evaluate the effect of SNP on the fertilizing capability of buffalo spermatozoa in vitro.

scholarly journals 289EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION TIME OF PIG OOCYTES MATURED IN-VITRO BY BOAR SPERM STORED AT 4°C

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Y.J. Yi ◽  
M.Y. Kim ◽  
Y.J. Chang ◽  
D.I. Jin ◽  
C.S. Park
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Boar Sperm ◽  
Sperm Penetration

The use of boar sperm stored at 4°C may be a useful tool for in vitro production of pig embryos. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fertilization time of pig oocytes matured in-vitro by boar sperm. The sperm-rich fraction (30–60mL) was slowly cooled to room temperature (20–23°C) by 2h after collection. Semen was transferred into 15-mL tubes, centrifuged at room temperature for 10min at 800g, and the supernatant solution was poured off. The concentrated sperm was resuspended with 5mL of the LEN (11.0g lactose hydrate, 20mL egg yolk, 0.05g N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and 100mL distilled water) diluent to provide 1.0×109 spermmL−1 at room temperature. The resuspended semen was cooled in a refrigerator to 4°C. The medium used for oocyte maturation was TCM-199 supplemented with 26.19mM sodium bicarbonate, 0.9mM sodium pyruvate, 10μgmL−1 insulin, 2μgmL−1 vitamin B12, 25mM HEPES, 10μgmL−1 bovine apotransferrin, 150μM cysteamine, 10IUmL−1 PMSG, 10IUmL−1 hCG, 10ngmL−1 EGF, 0.4% BSA, 75μgmL−1 sodium penicillin G, 50μgmL−1 streptomycin sulfate and 10% pFF. After about 22h of maturation, oocytes were cultured without cysteamine and hormones for 22h at 38.5°C, 5% CO2 in air. Oocytes were inseminated with boar sperm stored at 4°C for 2 days after collection. Oocytes were coincubated for 1, 3, 6 and 9h in 500μL TBM fertilization media with 1×106mL−1 sperm concentration. Thereafter, oocytes were transferred into 500μL NCSU-23 culture medium containing 0.4% BSA for further culture of 6, 48 and 144h, fixed and stained for the evaluation of fertilization parameters and developmental ability. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test using the SAS program. The rates of sperm penetration and male pronuclear formation were higher in the fertilization times of 6 and 9h than in those of 1 and 3h. The percentage of polyspermic oocytes was highest in fertilization time of 9h compared with other incubation times. The rates of cleaved oocytes were higher in the fertilization times of 6 and 9h (85.0 and 84.6%) compared with those of 1 and 3h (61.1 and 76.8%). The percentage of blastocyst formation from the cleaved oocytes was highest in the fertilization time of 6h (33.6%) than in that of 1, 3 and 9h (11.4, 23.0 and 29.6%). Mean cell numbers per blastocyst were 32.9±3.3, 27.6±2.7, 26.3±2.2 and 24.4±1.8 in the fertilization times of 6, 9, 3 and 1h, respectively. In conclusion, we found out that boar sperm stored at 4°C could be used for in vitro fertilization of pig oocytes matured in vitro. Also, we recommend the coincubation time of 6h in 500μL TBM fertilization medium with 1×106mL−1 sperm concentration for in vitro fertilization of pig oocytes matured in vitro.

365 COMPARISON OF IN VITRO FERTILIZING CAPACITY OF FROZEN - THAWED SEX-SORTED AND SEX-SORTED FROZEN - THAWED BULL SPERMATOZOA

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Malcolm ◽  
M. Marfil ◽  
M. Calvi ◽  
F. Rigali ◽  
M. Pugliese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Sexed Semen

Sperm sexing has become a world-wide technology, now available in many countries. The method has been incorporated into many reproductive technologies such as embryo production (Zhang et al. 2003 Theriogenology 60, 1657–1663), but sex-sorting is limited when bulls are located far from sorters or when only frozen semen is available. Previous studies on sexing frozen–thawed spermatozoa have been done in rams, which resulted in retention of the spermatozoan functional capacities (Hollinshead et al. 2004 Reproduction 127, 557–568). In vitro characteristics were assessed in bulls after sexing of thawed sperm (Hollinshead et al. 2004 Theriogenology 62, 958–968); however, the fertilizing capacity of frozen–thawed sex-sorted (FTSS) spermatozoa was not tested. The aim of the present study was to compare cleavage and embryo development rate among frozen–thawed (FT), sex-sorted frozen–thawed (SSFT), and FTSS bull spermatozoa. For FT, sperm were diluted to a final concentration of 60 × 106 sperm/mL, packaged in 0.5-mL straws, and frozen. In SSFT, spermatozoa were sex-sorted by flow cytometry following Schenk protocols (1999 Theriogenology 52, 1375–1391). Three × 106 spermatozoa were packaged into 0.25-mL straws and frozen. The final treatment (FTSS) consisted of thawing 6 to 10 frozen straws of 4 different bulls containing an average of 25 × 106 spermatozoa and centrifuging at 600g for 15 min at 21°C to extract cryodiluent. Spermatozoa were diluted and stained with Hoechst 33342 (stain concentration of 112.5 µM, the same used for SSFT treatment) following Schenk sexed-semen protocols (1999), sex-sorted by a flow cytometer, and collected in Tris-base extender containing 20% egg yolk. For each ejaculate frozen–thawed, SSFT and FTSS spermatozoa were prepared for oocyte in vitro fertilization. Also, semen from a bull routinely used as a control in the laboratory was added for a better comparison of results. Oocytes from a slaughterhouse were processed following standard in vitro fertilization procedures (Ferré 2002 Theriogenology 57, 664) 4 times for each bull, and comparison was made between treatments. Results were analyzed by ANOVA. No significant differences were observed among bulls (data not shown) (P &gt; 0.05). Although embryo development rate was statistically different between sexed and non-sexed groups (P &lt; 0.05), results showed that frozen–thawed bull spermatozoa can be sex-sorted and used for in vitro fertilization with comparable developmental rates comparable to those when frozen sexed semen is used (Table 1). This opens a new commercial window for cases where pre-selected sexed embryos from bulls that are not in AI centers are desired, also giving an opportunity for dead bulls. Nevertheless, since a large number of straws are necessary, further studies must be carried out to make this procedure more efficient and economically profitable. Table 1. Results of cleavage and embryo development rates between spermatozoa treatments

Levels interleukine-4 and interleukin-17 (IL-4, IL-17) of blood in patients with habitual recurrent pregnancy loss, which occurred in a loop in vitro fertilization

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
K.P. Golovatyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

The objective: was to investigate the levels of cytokines IL-4 and IL-17 in serum and conditioned medium cultures of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and evaluation association between their products and miscarriage, which occurred in IVF cycles. Patients and methods. We observed 240 patients with recurrent miscarriage, came in IVF cycles, and 100 apparently healthy fertile women in the control group. The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17 in serum and conditioned medium of MNC cultures were determined. Results. The levels of IL-4 in the serum and conditioned medium in spontaneous and stimulated mitogen secretion was not significantly different from those in the control group, whereas IL-17 levels were higher than those in the control group serum, in conditioned media of stimulated and non-stimulated MNCs. Conclusion. Disregulation of activity of circulating blood mononuclear cells in women with recurrent miscarriage that followed IVF, is accompanied by increased secretion of IL-17 and almost constant production of IL-4 on the back of high stimulation index of production of these cytokines. Key words: in vitro fertilization, miscarriage, interleukin-4, interleukin-17, serum stimulated and non-stimulated mononuclear blood.

scholarly journals Graphene and Reproduction: A Love-Hate Relationship

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Marina Ramal-Sanchez ◽  
Antonella Fontana ◽  
Luca Valbonetti ◽  
Alessandra Ordinelli ◽  
Nicola Bernabò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Individual

Since its discovery, graphene and its multiple derivatives have been extensively used in many fields and with different applications, even in biomedicine. Numerous efforts have been made to elucidate the potential toxicity derived from their use, giving rise to an adequate number of publications with varied results. On this basis, the study of the reproductive function constitutes a good tool to evaluate not only the toxic effects derived from the use of these materials directly on the individual, but also the potential toxicity passed on to the offspring. By providing a detailed scientometric analysis, the present review provides an updated overview gathering all the research studies focused on the use of graphene and graphene-based materials in the reproductive field, highlighting the consequences and effects reported to date from experiments performed in vivo and in vitro and in different animal species (from Archea to mammals). Special attention is given to the oxidized form of graphene, graphene oxide, which has been recently investigated for its ability to increase the in vitro fertilization outcomes. Thus, the potential use of graphene oxide against infertility is hypothesized here, probably by engineering the spermatozoa and thus manipulating them in a safer and more efficient way.

scholarly journals IN VITRO FERTILITY TEST OF HUMAN SPERMATOZOA MEMBRANE PROTEIN FERTILIN BETA ANTIBODY IN MICE (Mus musculus Balb/c) AS IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE CANDIDATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Reny I’tishom ◽  
Doddy M Soebadi ◽  
Aucky Hinting ◽  
Hamdani Lunardhi ◽  
Rina Yudiwati
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Antibody Induction

One of the materials as potential candidates immunocontraception material is spermatozoa. Fertilin beta is spermatozoa membrane protein and is found only in mature spermatozoa and ejaculate, which serves as an adhesion molecule. Spermatozoa membrane protein that is used as an ingredient immunocontraception candidate, must have specific criteria that the specificity of spermatozoa, the role of antigen in the fertilization process, which includes the formation of immunogenicity sufficient antibody response has the potential to block fertilization. Antibodies against spermatozoa affect the stages before fertilization of the reproductive process and can hinder the development of the embryo after fertilization. Until now very little research data spermatozoa membrane protein as an ingredient immunocontraception are up to the test of experimental animals. The research objective is to prove the role of the resulting antibody induction of antibodies fertilin beta protein in the membrane of human spermatozoa induce agglutination and reduce motility thus reducing the number of in vitro fertilization. Research conducted at the IVF Laboratory, Department of Biology of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga. This research includes: Test the potential of antibody protein beta fertilin membrane of human spermatozoa and inhibit the role of antibodies in vitro fertilization in mice (Mus musculus Balb/c). In vitro studies have resulted in fertilization figure of 25% is smaller than the number that is equal to control fertilization of 58.7%, whereas previously the spermatozoa were incubated first with a beta membrane protein antibody fertilin human spermatozoa. While the percentage of inhibition of sperm to fertilize an oocyte by 33.75%. Potential imunokontraseptif considered effective if it decreased significantly (P <0.05) than the numbers fertilization in the treatment group compared with the control group. This shows fertilin beta membrane protein antibody has the ability to inhibit human spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes that reduce the number of fertilization.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of collaborative infertility counseling (CIC) on pregnancy outcome in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization: A randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Rasoulzadeh Bidgoli ◽  
robab latifnejad roudsari ◽  
ali montazeri
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Infertility is an emotional tension which influences the whole aspects of relationships in infertile couples. A main objective of infertility treatments is elevation of pregnancy rate. The present study aimed to examine the effect of collaborative counseling on pregnancy rate in infertile women, undergoing in vitro fertilization in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 women with primary infertility were selected from an infertility research center and were randomly allocated into intervention (n=29) and control (n=31) groups. The intervention group received individual counseling, based on the collaborative reproductive healthcare model with collaboration of a midwife, a gynecologist and a clinical psychologist in five sessions during a two-month period. The control group received routine care. Positive pregnancy test was considered as a criterion of treatment success at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including independent samples t-test. Results: There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between intervention and control groups (P = 0.298). Also, there were no significant differences in follicle and embryo numbers between two groups. However, a significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of oocyte numbers where the intervention group had more oocyte (P = 0.014). Conclusion: Overall the findings indicated that the collaborative infertility counseling did not improve treatment success in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization

scholarly journals Piglets produced by transfer of embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro with thymosin: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6356-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA PONIEDZIAŁEK-KEMPNY ◽  
BARBARA GAJDA ◽  
IWONA RAJSKA ◽  
LECHOSŁAW GAJDA ◽  
ZDZISŁAW SMORĄG
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to examine the in vivo viability of in vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos obtained from oocytes matured with thymosin. The research material for this study consisted of immature pig oocytes obtained from ovaries after slaughter and ejaculated semen obtained from one boar. The immature oocytes were cultured in vitro until the metaphase II stage in a medium supplemented with thymosin (TMS). The presumptive zygotes obtained were cultured in vitro for 4-40 hours. The presumptive zygotes and 2-4-cell embryos were evaluated in vivo after transferring them to synchronized recipients. After the transfer of embryos from the experimental group into 2 recipients (50 embryos into each gilt) and the transfer of 50 embryos from the control group into 1 recipient, both gilts that had received embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured with TMS became pregnant and delivered a total of 16 live piglets. After the transfer of embryos from the control group, no pregnancy was achieved. In conclusion, the results of our preliminary study suggest that the maturation of pig oocytes with thymosin supports the in vivo survival of in vitro produced embryos. It is important to note, that this was the first birth of piglets obtained after transfer of IVP embryos in Poland.

Laboratory predictors of pregnancy in vitro fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
A. V. Lapshtaeva ◽  
I. V. Sychev ◽  
L. N. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
The Individual

Identification of factors determining both of favorable and unfavorable outcome of IVF will increase the effectiveness of this method and optimize infertility treatment. The aim of the research is to analyze the correlation between serum IL-1α concentration, its gene rs1800587 (C/T) genotype carrier and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4)), and evaluate the prognostic significance of their combinations in women with tube-peritoneal infertility under the IVF program. 120 patients with tube-peritoneal infertility who applied for an IVF program were examined. Depending on the outcome of the procedure, 2 groups of patients were allocated: 1 group - 40 women who had a pregnancy after IVF, 2 group - 80 patients who did not have a pregnancy. The content of IL-1α, TSH, T3, T4 was determined in blood by ELISA. Genotyping was performed on the rs1800587 (C/T) polymorphic marker of the IL-1α gene. TSH, T3, T4 were within the norm for both groups. In our study, women with a TSH concentration of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/L had a chance of a favorable IVF outcome 1.4 times higher than with other TSH levels (p = 0.042901); with a T3 level of 1.0 to 1.8 nmol/L had a chance of becoming pregnant 5.7 times higher than with other levels of T3 (p = 0.00002). For T4 concentration, the confidence test was not achieved (p = 0.068505). The individual indicators of IL-1α, TSH, T3 and carrier of the genotype of the gene IL-1α at the preconceptive stage have lower diagnostic value than their combined combination. Three combinations have maximum predictive value: a combination of the T/T genotype of the IL-1α gene and the TSH level of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/l - OR = 8.1 (p = 0.000048); combination of IL-1α of 28.7 to 85.1 pg/ml, T/T gene genotype IL-1α and TSH level of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/l - OR = 8.1 (p = 0.000048); combination of IL-1α of 28.7 to 85.1 pg/ml, T/T gene genotype IL-1α, TSH level of 0.23 to 1.7 nmol/l and T3 level of 1.0 to 1.8 nmol/l - OR = 8.1 (p = 0.000146). Thus, proposed new prognostic markers of IVF program effectiveness.

scholarly journals Effect of large follicle puncture on IVF-ET outcome in patients with unsynchronized follicle maturationcan

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 2056-2066
Author(s):  
Xinrong Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Wang ◽  
Qinglan Qu ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Cuifang Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Follicle ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Follicular Maturation

Objective This retrospective study was conducted to explore causes of unsynchronized follicular maturation (UFM) and analyze the effects of large follicle puncture on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. Methods Clinical features and controlled ovulation hyperstimulation (COH) were compared between the puncture group (n = 48) and the control group (n = 2545). We analyzed the COH process with in vitro fertilization during fresh cycle embryo transfer with different clinical pregnancy outcomes. We compared clinical characteristics and COH process of patients in the clinical pregnancy (n = 774) and non-clinical pregnancy (n = 527) groups. Finally, factors related to pregnancy outcomes were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Age, level of estradiol on down-regulation day, and initial gonadotropin dose were significantly higher in the puncture group than in the control group. We detected significant differences in age, infertility, and body mass index (BMI) between the clinical and non-clinical pregnancy groups. Age, BMI, and endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration were the independent factors influencing pregnancy outcome. Conclusions Patient’s age and level of anti-Müllerian hormone were the main factors causing UFM in patients undergoing COH. Large follicle puncture had no significant effect on pregnancy outcome.

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