The response to season, exclosure, and distance from water of three central Australian pasture types grazed by cattle.

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Foran ◽  
G Bastin ◽  
E Remenga ◽  
KW Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Herbage Layer

Three central Australian pasture types grazed by beef cattle were exdosed for eleven years, and detailed plant measure- ments made over the last seven years. The exclosed land extended out 3.2 km from permanent watering points. Rainfall during this period (1968-1979) varied from well above average for three years to near drought conditions. The series of above average rainfall years had a @eater influence on yield, density and cover of the herbage layer than the experimental treatments of exclosure and distance from water. Dry matter production varied from 217 kg ha-1 to 2377 kg ha-1. Overall, plant density and cover were generally not affected by treatments, although some plant species and species groups were affected. Grazing should continue at present stocking levels and under similar management on the studied landscapes, as no dele terious effects have been found during the study period.

The growth and yield of uniculm and tillered barley over a range of sowing rates

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute

The growth and yield of two lines of uniculm barley, WID-103 and WID-105, were compared over a range of sowing rates (50-400 kg/ha) with the commercial varieties Galleon and Schooner. The experiments were conducted at Strathalbyn, S.A., in 1986, 1987 and 1988 and at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in 1987. A third tillered variety, Clipper, was included in the comparison in 1988. Over the three years plant populations measured early in the season ranged from 39/m2 to 709/m2, and grain yields from 97 to 41 1 g/m2. Dry matter production at ear emergence increased with greater plant density, and both the tillered varieties and the uniculm lines showed similar responses to higher sowing rates. At maturity, dry matter production of the tillered barleys was greater than or equal to that of the uniculms and the harvest indices (HIs) of the two types were similar. Consequently, grain yields of the tillered types were greater than or equal to the yields of the uniculms. Over the four experiments the tillered varieties had a 6% higher yield. The number of ears/m2 was the yield component most affected by plant density in both the tillered and uniculm barleys. The uniculm lines had more spikelets/ear, but tended to set fewer grains/spikelet and produce smaller kernels. The experiments failed to demonstrate any advantage of the uniculm habit to the grain yield of barley. These results differ from previous experiments that showed that a uniculm line, WID-101, had a higher yield than the tillered variety Clipper. It is suggested that the uniculm habit per se was not the cause of this higher yield, but its higher HI resulted in it outyielding Clipper. Current varieties, however, have HIs similar to the uniculm lines and yield equally to or more than the uniculm barleys examined. To further improve the grain yield of uniculm barley, greater dry matter production is necessary as the HIs of these lines are already high.

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional Quality and Adaptation of Several Native Plant Species of Kuwait to the Farming System as Potential Livestock Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Nutritive Values

The native vegetation of Kuwait is well adapted to hyper arid environment and once these naturally vegetated plants are managed properly these may be considered potential candidates as animal feed. Bringing the neglected and underutilized native plant species into animal food chain is promising. Considering the importance of some native plants, five native forage species (Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setigerus, Lasiurus scindicus, Panicum turgidum and Pennisetum divisum) were compared to widely used exotic forage species Panicum virgatum to measure the effects of fall (October) vs spring (March) planting on the biomass yield and the nutritive value. The results indicate that four species, C. setigerus, C. ciliaris, L. scindicus and P. divisum, showed a higher dry matter production in the spring planting season with relative increase in the nutritive values, i.e., NDF, ADF, fat, protein and ash concentrations as compared to P. virgatum. In general fall season planting, decreased the dry matter production and the nutritive values compared to the spring season. These findings provided opportunities to utilize the natural resources for increasing and or improving livestock feed supply. There is potential for growers to integrate these local forage species into their forage production system.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile of duodenal digesta and of meat of feedlot beef cattle fed diets containing different levels of concentrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Regis Luis Missio ◽  
Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
José Laerte Nörnberg ◽  
Paulo Santana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Duodenal Content ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile of duodenal digesta (experiment I) and of meat of beef cattle (experiment II) fed diets containing different levels of concentrate (220, 400, 590 and 790 g of concentrate/kg of dry matter of the diets). The experiment I was conducted with four Charolais-Nellore steers (460 ± 18.2 kg of BW), with a T-shaped duodenal cannula, using a double 4 × 4 Latin square as an experimental design. In experiment II, 16 crossbred Charolais-Nellore young bulls (192.44 ± 18.2 kg of BW) were randomly distributed in the experimental treatments (220, 400, 590 and 790 g of concentrate/kg of dry matter of the diets). The diets were isonitrogenous (120 g of crude protein/kg of dry matter). The intramuscular fat content was used as a covariant for the statistical analysis of the meat fatty acid profile. The duodenal content of fatty acid C17:0 decreased with increase of concentrate levels, while its content in the meat presented a quadratic variation with the increase of the concentrate levels of the diets, being the lowest values observed for the diet with 400 g of concentrate. The duodenal content of fatty acid C18:1 trans-11 decreased, whereas the content of this fatty acid in the meat increased with the increase of the dietary concentrate levels. The increase in the level of concentrate reduced the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids C18:3 n-3, C20:3 n-6, C20:4 n-6, and C20:5 n-3 EPA in both the duodenal digesta and meat. No difference was observed in the n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio (mean of 13.96) of the meat between diets. The elevation of the level of concentrate in confinement diets reduces the nutraceutical quality of the meat of Charolais-Nellore young bulls slaughtered at 14-16 months of age due to the reduction of the polyunsaturated fatty acids content important for human health.

Grazing Modifies Woody and Herbaceous Components of North Queensland Woodlands.

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Scanlan ◽  
AJ Pressland ◽  
DJ Myles
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Tussock Grasses

Grazed and exclosed areas within north Queensland woodlands were studied over a six-year period which included a drought followed by an above average rainfall period. Despite drought conditions, woody plant density increased, with exclosed areas showing a greater increase than grazed areas. During the drought period, a pattern of herbaceous vegetation strips interspersed with bare areas developed. Standing dry matter and ground cover increased rapidly in response to above average rainfall following the drought. Also, the pattern of strips became less apparent during the more favourable growth conditions. The percentage contribution of native tussock grasses (principally Heteropogon contortus) to total pasture dry matter varied to a greater extent over the six-year period than the naturalised stoloniferous Bothriochloa pertusa.

scholarly journals EFFETS DE LA DENSITE DU PEUPLEMENT ET DE L’APPORT DES ELEMENTS N, P ET K SUR LA PRODUCTION D’ENSILAGE DE MAIS DE MATURITE DIFFERENTE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743
Author(s):  
JEAN GENEST ◽  
JEAN-LOUIS DIONNE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Corn Hybrid

The experiment was designed to measure the effect of corn maturity, plant density, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on corn silage production. Funk’s G 4252 corn hybrid planted 10 cm apart in rows 75 cm apart produced an average of 18,325 kg/ha of dry matter over 4 yr, when fertilized with 200 kg/ha of N. Nitrogen fertilization, plant density, and choice of hybrid were the most important factors in dry matter production. Yield increases of 30% were associated with a 3% decrease in quality. Optimum yields were predicted for plant densities of 133,000 pl/ha with 180 kg/ha of N. There was no significant response to P and K fertilization. Yearly applications of P at 50 kg/ha allowed an increase in available P in the soil. Even with yearly applications of K at 200 kg/ha, a constant decrease in soil exchangeable K content was observed.

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