Temporal variation in soil acidity

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
N. C. Uren ◽  
K. R. Helyar ◽  
G. J. Poile ◽  
B. R. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Eastern Australia

Seasonal variation in the response of crops and pastures to limestone application has been observed on acidic soils in south-eastern Australia. Our hypothesis was that temporal variation in soil acidity related factors may contribute to this variable response. Soils from 4 annual pasture sites were sampled at least monthly for 3 years during 1988–1990 to monitor changes in pH(CaCl2) and in concentrations of exchangeable aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn). The sites received no fertiliser or cultivation and therefore allowed for the estimation of natural temporal variation. Temporal variation in soil pH during a year ranged from 0 to 0·45 pH units depending on the site, soil depth, and the weather conditions. The larger changes in soil pH were associated with more extreme climatic conditions than normal, e.g. following the break of season after a hot, dry summer (autumn 1988) or during periods of above-average rainfall in autumn and early spring (1990). Temporal variation in pH was less than the spatial variability at the sites but greater than the long-term net acidification rate reported for the region. Temporal variation in the concentration of exchangeable Al ranged from 0 to 0·4 cmol(+)/kg during a year and varied primarily with the inverse of pH. Variations in the concentration of exchangeable Mn ranged from 0·05 to 0·35 cmol(+)/kg during a year. The concentration of exchangeable Mn increased over summer to an extent dependent on the drying of the soil. At the 2 sites with duplex profiles, maxima in the concentration of exchangeable Mn also occurred in spring, particularly in the warm wet spring of 1990. Soil tests for soil acidity therefore represent guides to probable risks of toxicity, as pH and the concentrations of exchangeable Al and Mn may change between soil sampling, sowing, and the period of crop or annual pasture growth. Such variations will alter the responsiveness of crops and pastures to lime.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. XII. Tomatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The effect of acidity factors of two Ultisols and one Oxisol on yield and foliar composition of tomatoes was determined. Yields were not markedly reduced by acidity in the Ultisols until pH dropped to around 4.6 with 45% Al saturation of the cation exchange capacity (CEC), and no yield was produced at about pH 4.1 and 80% Al saturation. In the Oxisol, tomato yields dropped steadily from 39.7 t/ha, when there was no exchangeable AI, to 17.5 t/ha at the highest level of acidity, pH 4.4 and 43% AI saturation. In all soils, yields were closely correlated with soil pH, exchangeable Al and Ca and Al/Ca.

Effect of Soil pH and Related Acidity Factors on Yields of Sweetpotatoes and Soybeans Grown on Typical Soils of the Humid Tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

The effects of soil pH and related acidity factors on the yields of sweetpotatoes, Miguela var., and soybeans, Jupiter var., were determined on typical Oxisols and Ultisols of Puerto Rico. The study revealed no significant effect of pH and acidity factors on the yield of the sweetpotato variety, which was quite tolerant to high soil acidity and exchangeable Al. Yields were similar to those obtained by other researchers who worked with other varieties. Soybeans, although relatively tolerant to high levels of exchangeable Al, were adversely affected when values surpassed 5.5 meq/100 g of soil in a clayey Ultisol. Exchangeable base content was directly related to soybean yield grown on a light textured Oxisol. Yields obtained are considered excellent. Highly significant correlations between soybean leaf N content and yield was found in the clayey Ultisol.

Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. X. Pigeon Peas

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
F. Abruña ◽  
E. Rivera ◽  
J. A. Rodríguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Leaf Composition

The effect of various soil acidity factors on yield and leaf composition of pigeon peas [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth] was determined in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. Pigeon peas barely responded in yield to soil acidity levels in the Oxisol, but responded strongly to variations in soil acidity in the two Ultisols. Yields increased from almost zero at the highest level of acidity (about pH 4 and 80% Al saturation) to more than 8 t/ha at about pH 6.0 with no exchangeable Al present. Yields increased with increasing soil pH, decreasing exchangeable Al content, and increasing exchangeable Al:Ca ratio. Yields were highest when pH was about 6.0, exchangeable Al was less than 20%, and exchangeable Al:Ca was less than 1.0. Soil acidity did not affect leaf composition, except that Ca content decreased with increasing acidity and correlated well with yields, ranging from about 0.5% with lowest yields to more than 1% with the highest yields. Number of nodules per plant was not affected by acidity factors, except at the highest level of acidity, at which no nodules were found.

scholarly journals Alleviating aluminum toxicity in an acid sulfate soil from Peninsular Malaysia by calcium silicate application

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Elisa ◽  
S. Ninomiya ◽  
J. Shamshuddin ◽  
I. Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

Abstract. In response to human population increase, the utilization of acid sulfate soils for rice cultivation is one option for increasing production. The main problems associated with such soils are their low pH values and their associated high content of exchangeable Al, which could be detrimental to crop growth. The application of soil amendments is one approach for mitigating this problem, and calcium silicate is an alternative soil amendment that could be used. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to ameliorate soil acidity in rice-cropped soil. The secondary objective was to study the effects of calcium silicate amendment on soil acidity, exchangeable Al, exchangeable Ca, and Si content. The soil was treated with 0, 1, 2, and 3 Mg ha−1 of calcium silicate under submerged conditions and the soil treatments were sampled every 30 days throughout an incubation period of 120 days. Application of calcium silicate induced a positive effect on soil pH and exchangeable Al; soil pH increased from 2.9 (initial) to 3.5, while exchangeable Al was reduced from 4.26 (initial) to 0.82 cmolc kg−1. Furthermore, the exchangeable Ca and Si contents increased from 1.68 (initial) to 4.94 cmolc kg−1 and from 21.21 (initial) to 81.71 mg kg−1, respectively. Therefore, it was noted that calcium silicate was effective at alleviating Al toxicity in acid sulfate, rice-cropped soil, yielding values below the critical level of 2 cmolc kg−1. In addition, application of calcium silicate showed an ameliorative effect as it increased soil pH and supplied substantial amounts of Ca and Si.

Influence of earthworms, Aporrectodea spp. (Lumbricidae), on lime burial in pasture soils in south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Baker ◽  
P. J. Carter ◽  
V. J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aporrectodea Caliginosa ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The relative abilities of 3 exotic lumbricid earthworms, the endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. trapezoides and the anecic A. longa, to bury surface-applied lime and help ameliorate soil acidity were measured in cages in 7 pasture soils in south-eastern Australia. All 3 species buried lime, mostly within the top 5 cm of the soil profile, but A. longa buried it deeper than A. caliginosa and A. trapezoides. A. longa significantly increased soil pH at 15–20 cm depth at some sites within 5 months (winter–spring, the earthworm ‘season’ in the Mediterranean climate of south-eastern Australia). Lime burial varied markedly between sites. These site differences were explained, at least in part, by variations in rainfall. Lime burial increased with earthworm density. A minimum density of 214 A. longa/m 2 was needed to significantly enhance lime burial within one season. Higher densities were required for the other two species. However, per unit of biomass, A. caliginosa and A. trapezoides were generally more able to bury lime in the upper soil layers (2 . 5–10 cm depth) than A. longa. Agricultural soils in south-eastern Australia are dominated by shallow burrowing species such as A. caliginosa and A. trapezoides. Deeper burrowers such as A. longa are rare. Introduction of A. longa to soils in high-rainfall regions of south-eastern Australia, where it does not presently occur, should enhance lime burial and help reduce soil acidity.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Acidity and Liming on Yields and Composition of Sugarcane Growing on an Ultisol

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Juárez ◽  
Raúl Pérez Escolar ◽  
José Vicente Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum

Variable liming and heavy fertilization of a Cialitos clay (ultisol) over a 7-year period markedly affected soil properties and yields of subsequently planted sugarcane. A total of 3,680 pounds of N, 480 pounds of P, and 2,870 pounds of K had been applied per acre to all plots over this period. Cane yields increased from less than 1 ton per acre, when no lime had been applied, to over 40 tons when a total of 20 tons of limestone had been applied per acre over the previous 7-year period. Yields increased with increasing exchangeable base content in the upper 6 inches of soil from less than 10 tons per acre when exchangeable bases dropped below 3 meq., to over 40 tons when exchangeable bases exceeded 8 meq./l00 g. of soil (58-percent base saturation). Cane yields increased with decreasing exchangeable Al from less than 10 tons, when exchangeable Al exceeded 8 meq., to over 40 when exchange able Al was less than 2 meq./100 g. of soil. Yields increased with increasing soil pH, but the presence of free salts in this heavily fertilized soil made pH an unreliable criterion for determining the need for liming. Applying 8 tons of limestone per acre to the surface of a very acid Cialitos clay before planting increased cane yields from an average of 12.4 to 34.5 tons per acre, and decreased exchangeable Al from 7.3 to 0.5 meq. per 100 g. of soil. The foliar composition at 9 months of age, and the sucrose content of the sugarcane were not affected by the soil factors studied, or by lime applications, and remained unchanged, at satisfactory levels, in plots yielding from almost 0 to over 40 tons of cane per acre. A survey showed that in many sugarcane soils of the Humid Region exchangeable aluminum exceeded levels that depressed cane yields on Cialitos clay in this experiment.

scholarly journals An evaluation of farmers’ perception, awareness, and adaptation towards climate change: a study from Punjab province Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Mehmood ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Ahsan Riaz Khan ◽  
Badar Naseem Siddiqui ◽  
Waqar Ul Hassan Tareen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Change Perception ◽  
Climate Change Perception

ABSTRACT: Globally, all environmental sectors are threatened by climate change, most especially to the food and agriculture sectors. Pakistan is a developing country that is most vulnerable to extreme and harsh climatic conditions, especially in Southeast Asia. Climate change has often adverse effects on Pakistan because it is often affected by severe weather conditions. Although, some studies have reported on farmers’ perceptiveness regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation, there is still insufficient awareness among Pakistanis’ farmers. Key knowledge is very important for farmers to overcome the harsh climatic conditions for harvesting and saving crops. To bridge this gap, this research discovered the awareness level of climate change, weather conditions, and related factors among Pakistani farmers. Through a stratified random sampling technique, 500 structured questionnaires were distributed among the farmers in four districts of Punjab Pakistan for study analysis. The probit model was used to analyze the farmer’s perception regarding climate change, socio-demographic and economic variables. The findings of this research showed that 75% of farmers are aware of climate change. Perception of climate change between farmers was directly associated with agriculture experience, farmers’ age, land ownership status, level of education, information sources, and access to extension. Also, our research showed that farmers’ assessment of adaptive behavior showed that farmers are actively implementing crop diversification, irrigation, and other adaptation strategies. Results of this study will help government agencies and policymakers in Pakistan and other regions to develop sustainable adaptation measures in the framework of climate change.

scholarly journals Extent, Distribution, and Causes of Soil Acidity under Subsistence Farming System and Lime Recommendation: The Case in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Kibebew Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. This study (1) investigates the extent and spatial distribution of soil acidity, (2) identifies factors attributing to soil acidification, and (3) predicts the lime requirement for major crops. A total of 789 soil samples were collected from arable lands in the Wolaita area which is mainly characterized by poor soil fertility and soil degradation in southern Ethiopia. Results revealed that the landscape is characterized by a gentle slope followed by strongly sloppy > flat > hilly topographies. Clay is the dominant soil textural class. A soil pH map, which is generated using geospatial analysis, demonstrates that 3.3, 78.0, and 18.7% of the total area were under strongly acidic, moderately acidic, and neutral soil reactions, respectively. The exchangeable acidity (Cmol(+)/kg) varied from nil to 5.1, whereas exchangeable Al ranged from 1.4 to 19.9 Cmol(+)/kg. The soil pH has shown a significantly ( p  < 0.001) negative association with clay content (r = −0.33), exchangeable Al (r = −61), exchangeable acidity (r = −0.58), and inorganic fertilizer application (r = −0.33). Increased rates of diammonium phosphate (DAP) (r2 = 0.91) and urea (r2 = 0.88) markedly elevated soil acidity. Conversely, manuring showed a significant ( p  < 0.001) and positive relationship with pH (r = 0.37) in which the increasing rate of manure significantly reduced acidification (r2 = 0.98). DAP and urea applications above 75 kg/ha lowered soil pH units by 0.56 and 0.48, respectively, <25 kg/ha while at the same time farmyard manure (FYM) at 4 t/ha raised pH by 0.75 units over the unfertilized field. Residue management significantly ( p  < 0.001) influenced soil pH wherein it ranged from 6.09 (complete residue removal) to 6.61 (residue incorporation). Changes in land use, cropping intensity, and socioeconomic status were also significantly attributed to soil acidification. To curb the effects of soil acidity, the lime requirement for common bean growing fields varied from zero to 6.6 t/ha, while for maize it was between zero and 4.3 t/ha. It is concluded that soil management interventions such as maintaining and incorporating crop residues, integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, liming, and enhancing farmers’ awareness should be advocated to overcome soil acidification and improve soil fertility. In addition, introducing crops with traits that tolerate acidity and Al toxicity is also suggested.

scholarly journals Soil pH and exchangeable aluminium in contrasting New Zealand high and hill country soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
A.E. Whitley ◽  
J.L. Moir ◽  
P.C. Almond ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Soil acidity and associated aluminium (Al) toxicity severely limit the establishment and growth of legumes in New Zealand high country pastures. A survey of 13 soils differing in location, soil order, parent material and climate, showed soil pH to range from 4.9 to 6.4 and exchangeable Al (0.02M CaCl2) concentrations of

Effects of environmental variables on the competition between inoculum strains and naturalized populations of Rhizobium trifolii for nodulation of Trifolium subterraneum L. and on rhizobia persistence in the soil

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
RR Gault ◽  
M Zorin ◽  
MJ Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Second Year

Experiments were conducted at six field sites in south-eastern Australia with three cultivars of Trifolium subterraneum L, inoculated with diverse strains of Rhizobium trifolii. The various locations provided different edaphic and climatic conditions for plant growth, and naturalized populations of R. trifolii provided competition in forming nodules for the inoculum strains. Success of the inocula in forming nodules in the first year was used as an index of competitiveness, and success in the second year as an index of persistence. Inoculum strains formed a majority of nodules in the first year but fewer in the second. Inocula generally persisted better at those sites which had smaller populations of naturalized rhizobia. Competitiveness and persistence did not appear to be related characteristics, although some strains were superior to others especially in terms of persistence. Values for strain persistence tended to be similar at locations where the Mt Barker cultivar was grown, indicating an effect of host on the expression of this character. Significant effects of soil texture, soil pH, or growth temperature (individually) on the relative competitiveness and persistence of the inoculum strains could not be measured, although the cumulative effects of these (and other) environmental variables may have been substantial. The inoculum strains could be assembled into groups according to strong relationships of nodulating performance at each harvest. Within these distinct groups, the nodulation behaviour of the strains relative to each other remained approximately constant, irrespective of the absolute levels of competitiveness or persistence, the location of the experiment, or the year of the harvest.

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