Changes in testing methods for genital Chlamydia trachomatis in New South Wales, Australia, 1999 to 2002

Sexual Health ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Basil Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rapid Shift

Background: Over the last decade, significant advances have occurred in the area of chlamydia diagnostics. The relative frequency of different testing methods employed in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in New South Wales has not been previously reported. Methods: Testing methods—both laboratory method and specimen type—employed in the diagnosis of chlamydia cases notified in New South Wales between 1999 and 2002 were collated from Health Department records. Results: During a period of increasing notifications, the proportion of men diagnosed with C. trachomatis using nucleic acid tests (NATs) increased from 36% in 1999 to 90% in 2002. Among women, the proportion diagnosed using NATs increased from 42% in 1999 to 92% in 2002. Urine samples were consistently used in the diagnosis of two-thirds of the men, and one-third of the women. Conclusion: Between 1999 and 2002, a rapid shift towards NATs for genital C. trachomatis took place in New South Wales.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the family planning clinical setting across New South Wales

Sexual Health ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Bateson ◽  
Edith Weisberg ◽  
Harpreet Lota
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
The Family

Background: Following a small pilot study in 2003, a study was set up to determine the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young women presenting to Family Planning NSW centres across New South Wales and to evaluate the characteristics of those infected. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 621 consecutive women aged from 16 to 24 years was carried out over a 3-month period in 2004 at five Family Planning NSW centres. Urine samples were tested for C. trachomatis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Women with a positive result were reviewed and treated. Results: Of 925 eligible clients, 621 (67%) were recruited to the study. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 35 of the 621 recruits (5.6%, 95% CI 3.8–7.4). The prevalence at the Hunter centre was significantly higher than the combined prevalence at the other four participating centres (9.7% compared with 3.9%; P = 0.008). Two characteristics were identified as independent predictors of infection in this study: ‘reporting a recent change of partner in the past three months’ (crude odds ratio (OR) 3.33, 95% CI 1.67–6.64) and ‘reporting three or more partners in the past year’ (crude OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.83–7.46). Reported condom use, a history of one or more sexually transmissible infections and current combined oral contraceptive pill use were not associated with infection in this study. Conclusions: The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection is sufficiently high to support targeted testing of 16–24-year-old women in the Family Planning NSW setting and informs the development of a national screening strategy.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection among antenatal women in remote far west New South Wales, Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-ann Lenton ◽  
Eleanor Freedman ◽  
Kristie Hoskin ◽  
Vickie Knight ◽  
Darriea Turley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
South Wales

Background: A prospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken of pregnant women attending antenatal services in the remote far west of New South Wales, Australia, between October 2004 and May 2006. Of 420 eligible women, 218 (52%) participated in the study. Six women (2.7%; 95% CI: 1.0–5.9) tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. The prevalence among pregnant, Indigenous women (n = 44) was 9.1% (95% CI: 2.5–21.7). Infection was significantly associated with Indigenous status (P = 0.003) and self-perceived risk for chlamydia (P = 0.05). Pregnant Indigenous women in remote areas may be at higher risk for chlamydia and targeted screening of this group should be considered.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among 'high risk' young people in New South Wales

Sexual Health ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kang ◽  
Arlie Rochford ◽  
Victoria Johnston ◽  
Julie Jackson ◽  
Ellie Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young People ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

International research on homeless adolescents has found that incidence and prevalence of sexually transmissible infections is relatively high. This study reports on a chlamydia prevalence survey conducted among high-risk young people (14–25 years) in New South Wales. The participants were recruited from youth health centres, which target homeless and high-risk youth. Of 333 clients (42.6% male), 84.1% were sexually active and mean number of sexual partners over the preceding 3 months was 1.4. Among sexually active participants, 24.6% claimed to use condoms always and 25% never. Sixteen of 274 available urine samples tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Further research is warranted to better define high-risk groups and clarify the nature of associations between various factors impacting on sexual health. Most importantly, research is now called for into effective strategies for engaging and attracting young people to screening, treatment and contact tracing.

57. GENOTYPING OF UROGENITAL CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS IN REGIONAL NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
D. Mossman ◽  
C. Ooi ◽  
M. Loewenthal ◽  
M. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
New South ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genotype Frequency ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Genotype Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Chlamydia Trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in Australia and world wide. This study was undertaken to map the frequency of Chlamydia genotypes in regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to explore the potential utility of genotype analysis in defining local sexual networks, and to investigate whether patterns of genotype frequency are correlated with demographic factors, including age and gender. Methods: We studied 204 urine samples infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, as determined by PCR analysis using the COBAS Amplicor system. Samples were collected from wide geographic area of regional New South Wales (Hunter, New England, Northern Rivers, South Eastern New South Wales). Sequencing and genotyping were performed after nested PCR of the omp1 gene. Results: Genotype E was found in 42.6% of infections, with genotypes F (23.5%) and G (16.7%) other common causes of infection. Mixed infection occurred in only 3 cases. There was no significant difference in genotype frequency based on gender or geographic location. There was a significant difference in gender frequency based on patient age, with older patients significantly more likely to demonstrate infection with genotype G (mean age (years) 23.7+/-7.29 sd, E: 21.7 +/-5.7 sd; G: 28.9; sd 10.18; p�=�0.022). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in genotype frequency in the various regions of New South Wales, suggesting genotype analysis is of limited use in defining sexual networks in regional NSW. The finding of a higher frequency of genotype G in older patients raises the possibility that genotypic variation may be driven by immune responses to genotypes that occur more frequently at a younger age. These results may have implications for the future design of a chlamydial vaccine.

Genotyping of Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis in Regional New South Wales, Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mossman ◽  
Kenneth W. Beagley ◽  
Alan L. Landay ◽  
Mark Loewenthal ◽  
Catriona Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

scholarly journals Hepatitis A in New South Wales, Australia, from consumption of oysters: the first reported outbreak

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CONATY ◽  
P. BIRD ◽  
G. BELL ◽  
E. KRAA ◽  
G. GROHMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
New South ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matched Case

Between 22 January and 4 April 1997, 467 hepatitis A cases were reported to the New South Wales Health Department, Australia. To identify the cause of the outbreak, we conducted a matched case-control study, and an environmental investigation. Among 66 cases and 66 postcode-matched controls, there was a strong association between illness and consumption of oysters (adjusted odds ratio 42; 95% confidence interval 5–379). More than two-thirds of cases reported eating oysters, including one third of cases and no controls who reported eating oysters in the Wallis Lake area. A public warning was issued on 14 February, and Wallis Lake oysters were withdrawn from sale. Hepatitis A virus was subsequently identified in oyster samples taken from the lake. Hepatitis A virus poses a special risk to consumers who eat raw oysters because it can survive for long periods in estuaries and cause severe disease.

A Communitarian Correction for Health Outcomes in New South Wales?

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rissel
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
New South ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Catchment Areas

For over a decade, there has been a growing focus on health outcomes in the Australian health care system at a national and state level. Designed to improve population health, health outcomes programs are an attempt to re-orient health services. In Australia, New South Wales (NSW) is probably the most advanced state in implementing a health outcomes approach. What is the role of communities in the model of health outcomes proposed by the NSW Health Department? A theoretical perspective of 'community' is presented, which is then used to analyse major policy documents and publications from the NSW Department of Health that advance a health outcomes approach. The interface between health services and communities is particularly important from the perspective of NSW Health Areas and Districts which must implement programs to improve the health outcomes of the communities in their catchment areas. The contribution to improved health outcomes that is possible by working with communities should not be lost in any re-orientation of health services.

Increasing chlamydia diagnoses but little change in hospitalisations for ectopic pregnancy and infertility among women in New South Wales from 2001 to 2008

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette Liu ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Jim Parker ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
Jane Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Hospitalisation Rate ◽  
Routinely Collected Data ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Probabilistic Linkage

Background As genital chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) notifications have increased in Australia, time trends in hospitalisations for ectopic pregnancy and female infertility between 2001 and 2008 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and their relationship to trends in chlamydia notifications in women were assessed. Methods: Annual rates of chlamydia notification, and hospitalisations for female infertility or ectopic pregnancy in women aged 15–44 years in NSW were calculated using routinely collected data. Chlamydia notifications and hospital separations occurring within each year belonging to the same woman were linked using probabilistic linkage of identifiers so that multiple notifications and admissions for one woman in each calendar year were only counted once. Results: From 2001 to 2008, the annual rate of chlamydia diagnoses in women increased from 157 to 477 per 100 000 population (Ptrend < 0.001). Over the same period, the annual hospitalisation rate for women with an ectopic pregnancy decreased from 14.3 to 12.6 per 1000 births (Ptrend < 0.001). This decrease was mostly in women aged 25–44 years, with no appreciable fall in women aged 15–24 years (Ptrend = 0.8). Meanwhile, the hospitalisation rate for women with infertility of female origin did not follow a consistent trend: between 2001 and 2008, it fluctuated between a low of 479 and a high of 554 per 10 000 women who were seeking pregnancy. Conclusions: These trends in ectopic pregnancy and female infertility suggest that the large increase in chlamydia notifications may not reflect hospitalisations for these two proposed chlamydia-related sequelae.

Selection of Grasses With Different Carbon Assimilation Pathways Under Different Sheep Stocking Pressures.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
C3 Species ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Selection Of

The path of carbon assimilation was noted for 30 common grasses from unfertilized sheep pastures of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. These grasses were then grouped according to their susceptibility to stocking pressure and the frequency and relative frequency of 16 of these related to apparent intensity of stocking about a sheep camp. C3 grass frequency was independent of stocking pressure, but under heavy stocking introduced C3 species replaced native C3 species. C4 NADME species showed an increase in occurrence under high stocking rates, whereas C4 NADPME species showed a decrease in occurrence under high stocking intensity. It is suggested that response to grazing may have been a factor in the evolution of different pathways of carbon assimilation.

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