Green Coalescent Synthesis Based on the Design for Environment (DfE) Principles: Brazilian Experience

Coalescents are compounds with a high potential for generating tropospheric ozone, which causes adverse effects on humans and their surroundings. This study designed a coalescent for decorative paints that reached technical levels equivalent to those obtained by StC, a product on the market, but with better environmental and economic performance. The strategy adopted in creating the green coalescent (GrC) improved film formation and reduced the product’s atmospheric emission rate. Regarding the environmental performance, GrC outperformed StC in terms of water consumption, global warming potential, and human toxicity by 30%, 35%, and 91%, but had a high smog formation potential even with a reduced loss to the air. The redesign of the molecule gave rise to AGrC, which achieved a more homogeneous environmental performance. The results of an economic analysis indicated that the procedures adopted to reduce environmental impacts could also make the coalescent more competitive if the lowest market prices were practiced. On the other hand, if the products are sold at high prices, the paint industry tends to privilege the economic dimension and disregard environmental performance for decision purposes. This research succeeded in reconciling technical functions and aspects related to sustainability to design more competitive products in the Brazilian market.

Utilization of wood sawdust as heavy metal adsorbent in paint industry waste

Abstract This study aims to utilize wood sawdust waste in the paint industry waste treatment. The first thing to do is a qualitative analysis of heavy metals before and after the processing. Furthermore, the parameters measured are temperature, pH, TDS, and dissolved oxygen (Dislove Oxgen). The use of wood sawdust as a heavy metal adsorbent in paint industry wastes is able to provide efficient results with no sediment formation when conducting qualitative analysis of Cu2+ and Cd2+ metal ions and raising the waste parameters to be environmentally friendly. This shows that the adsorption process works optimally.

Surface Treatment of Industrial-Grade Magnetite Particles for Enhanced Thermal Stability and Mitigating Paint Contaminants

Pigments can retain their color for many centuries and can withstand the effects of light and weather. The paint industry suffers from issues like aggressive moisture, corrosion, and further environmental contamination of the pigment materials. Low-cost, long-lasting, and large-scale pigments are highly desirable to protect against the challenges of contamination that exist in the paint industry. This exploratory study reinforces the color and thermal stability of industrial-grade (IG) magnetite (Fe3O4). IG Fe3O4 pigments were further considered for surface treatment with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). This metaphosphate hexamer sequestrant provides good dispersion ability and a high surface energy giving thermal and dust protection to the pigment. Various physicochemical characterizations were employed to understand the effectiveness of this treatment across various temperatures (180–300 °C). The X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques signify that the SHMP-treated Fe3O4 acquired magnetite phase stability up to 300 °C. In addition, the delta-E color difference method was also adopted to measure the effective pigment properties, where the delta-E value significantly decreased from 8.77 to 0.84 once treated with SHMP at 300 °C. The distinct color retention at 300 °C and the improved dispersion properties of surface-treated Fe3O4 positions this pigment as a robust candidate for high-temperature paint and coating applications. This study further encompasses an effort to design low-cost, large-scale, and thermally stable pigments that can protect against UV-rays, dust, corrosion, and other color contaminants that are endured by building paints.

Characterization and Removal of Nickel (II) from Paint Industry Effluent by Rice Husk Adsorbent

Rice husk adsorbent was studied to assess its efficiency in adsorption of nickel from paint industry effluent and to derive vital parameters that would assist in making timely decisions in tertiary treatment of wastewater. Standard methods were used in conducting the experiments. Results showed that significant adsorption of 84.77% of nickel was removed by carbonized rice husk (CRH) in 10 minutes and 98.42% in 60 minutes, a difference of 13.65%. Optimum pH of 8 was observed as 98.91% of nickel was adsorbed. Slight change in the adsorption efficiencies was noticed between 0.2 g and 0.4 g doses of CRH adsorbent, but reasonable and insignificant change occurred between 0.4 g and 1.0 g doses. Langmuir isotherm plot showed that separation factor was 0.998 an indication of favorable adsorption and a good fit for the Langmuir isotherm model. Therefore, the adsorption process was better described by the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm model. Adsorption intensity of 2.02 was observed in the Freundlich model, a value greater than 1.0 an indication of unfavorable adsorption. Lagergren pseudo first- and second-order plots showed that R2 = 0.799 for pseudo first-order and R2 = 0.969 for pseudo second-order reactions, an indication that adsorption of nickel by CRH follow Lagergren second-order kinetic. FTIR spectra identified N-H, O-H, C=H, C=O, C=C-C, C-Cl, P-O-C, and cis-C-H out-of-plane bend stretching bands as the functional groups involved in nickel adsorption by CRH adsorbent. It was concluded that rice husk is a good adsorbent in tertiary treatment of wastewater.

Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on benzimidazolones

A series of azo pigments containing the benzimidazolone ring were introduced in the mid to late twentieth century as high-performance organic pigments in the yellow, orange, red, and brown shade areas. The structures of the commercial benzimidazolone azo pigments are derived from either the monoazoacetoacetanilide or monoazonaphtharylamide classical azo pigments systems and exist in the ketohydrazone tautomeric forms. The high-performance properties of the pigments have been attributed to a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the benzimidazolone group, and efficient molecular packing, as demonstrated by X-ray crystal structure determinations. The manufacturing processes leading to the pigments involve traditional diazotization and azo coupling reaction procedures, although they require special conditioning aftertreatments to optimize their performance. Although benzimidazolone azo pigments were initially developed for the coloration of plastics, they have probably had a greater impact on the paint industry. The application properties of the benzimidazolone azo pigments are discussed for individual products.

Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree).

V. fordii is a fast-growing species grown mainly for high oil production in plantations and in agroforestry systems. Its natural distribution covers southern China, northern Vietnam, Myanmar, the Korean Republic and Taiwan. It produces a high quality tung oil which is widely used in the paint industry. There are more than 100 cultivars throughout southern China. It is widely planted in Europe, the Russian Federation, parts of Asia, Africa, tropical South America and New Zealand. Breeding strategies and development of new uses should be given a high priority in future.

Quantum Chemical Studies of Structural Parameters and Molecular Properties of Pigment 2-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-butanamide

Pigments play an important role in the paint industry. The structural parameters and molecular properties of 2-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-Butanamide (pigment P.Y.74) has been determined by quantum calculation at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory. Our results show that the trans – trans structure of pigment P.Y.74 is the most stable. The 46th orbital is the HOMO orbital when the 47th orbital is the LUMO orbital and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the title molecule is found to be 0.067815 a.u. Besides, the potential energy surface for its decomposition has been investigated at the same level of theory. The results may be helpful for experimental studies in the future.