scholarly journals Effects of Paint Industry Effluent on Soil Productivity

1970 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
YN Jolly ◽  
A Islam ◽  
SB Quraishi ◽  
AI Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Paint Industry ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
The Impact

The impact of various dilutions (2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50%) of paint industry effluent on physico-chemical properties of soil and the germination, growth and dry matter productions of corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been studied. The effluent was acidic and had low BOD and COD values because of its low content of suspended solid. It contained high concentration of calcium, medium concentrations of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, sulphate, chloride and low concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and bicarbonate. The trace element like Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were measured in the μg L-1 level. On irrigation of soil with the effluent an increase in the water soluble salts, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron contents of the soil for effluent concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% were observed but all these parameters were found to decrease on treatment of the soil with the effluent concentration of 25% and above. The effluent of the lower concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10%) enhanced the growth of both crops. However, negative effects on seed germination, dry matter production and the yield of both crops were found for the effluent concentration of 25% and above. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2441 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 41-53, 2008

scholarly journals Study on The Influence of Direct Ground Liquid CO2 Injection on Soil Chemical Properties in Subsidence Areas under Shallow Buried Geological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Naifu Cao ◽  
Yuntao Liang ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Subsidence Area ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

In order to reveal the impact of a high concentration of CO2 on the soil in the coal mining subsidence area, the surface above the goaf before CO2 injection is regarded as a subsidence area model. Based on the actual vertical depth of 70∼80 m shallow buried coal seam geological conditions, CO2 diffusion in the goaf is regarded as a short-term high-concentration CO2 leakage model. The surface soil samples before and after 60 tons of direct injection of liquid CO2 in the goaf of Huojitujing in the Daliuta Coal Mine could be collected to conduct the experimental observation. By measuring the changes in the five indicators of soil air-dried and fresh sample including pH, available nitrogen, available potassium, water-soluble salt, and total organic carbon, the changes of pH and mineral content in the soil could be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively at different time periods before and after CO2 injection. This proves that the injection of CO2 into the goaf has an impact on the chemical properties of the surrounding soil.

scholarly journals The comparison of single and double cut harvests on biomass yield, quality and biogas production of Miscanthus × giganteus

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Marta Kupryś-Caruk ◽  
Sławomir Podlaski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of double-cut harvest system on yield, as well as on suitability of Miscanthus × giganteus biomass for ensiling and biogas production. Biomass was harvested at the end of June (harvest I) and at the beginning of October (harvest II, regrowth). A single-cut regime at the end of October was also conducted. Biomass from harvests I and II was ensiled and subjected to anaerobic fermentation. The total dry matter (DM) yield from double-cut harvest system was similar to the DM yield from one-cut harvest, but two harvests per year had a positive effect on chemical composition of the biomass. C/N ratio and lignin content in the biomass from harvest I was lower compared to the single-cut biomass. Double harvest biomass was susceptible to ensiling, however, the biomass from harvest I characterized by low dry matter and water soluble sugars content resulted in poorer quality of the obtained silage (butyric acid was present). There were no significant differences between the methane yields obtained from ensiled biomass from harvests I and II.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Production, Nutrient Cycled and Removed, and Soil Fertility Changes in Yam-Based Cropping Systems with Herbaceous Legumes in the Guinea-Sudan Zone of Benin

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Raphiou Maliki ◽  
Brice Sinsin ◽  
Anne Floquet ◽  
Denis Cornet ◽  
Eric Malezieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Total N ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
The Impact

Traditional yam-based cropping systems (shifting cultivation, slash-and-burn, and short fallow) often result in deforestation and soil nutrient depletion. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of yam-based systems with herbaceous legumes on dry matter (DM) production (tubers, shoots), nutrients removed and recycled, and the soil fertility changes. We compared smallholders’ traditional systems (1-year fallow ofAndropogon gayanus-yam rotation, maize-yam rotation) with yam-based systems integrated herbaceous legumes (Aeschynomene histrix/maize intercropping-yam rotation,Mucuna pruriens/maize intercropping-yam rotation). The experiment was conducted during the 2002 and 2004 cropping seasons with 32 farmers, eight in each site. For each of them, a randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replicates was carried out using a partial nested model with five factors: Year, Replicate, Farmer, Site, and Treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM) procedure was applied to the dry matter (DM) production (tubers, shoots), nutrient contribution to the systems, and soil properties at depths 0–10 and 10–20 cm. DM removed and recycled, total N, P, and K recycled or removed, and soil chemical properties (SOM, N, P, K, and pH water) were significantly improved on yam-based systems with legumes in comparison with traditional systems.

Evaluation of different extractants for the estimation of bioavailable selenium in seleniferous soils of Northwest India

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Dhillon ◽  
Neeraj Rani ◽  
S. K. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Western India ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Northwest India ◽  
North Western

Efficacy of various extractants—AB-DTPA, 0.5 m Na2CO3, 0.25 m KCl, 0.1 m KH2PO4, hot water, and isotopically exchangeable selenium (Se)—was studied for estimating bioavailable Se in 15 naturally occurring alkaline seleniferous soils in north-western India. Total Se concentration in these soils varied from 0.6 to 3.1 µg/g. Amount of Se extracted as isotopically exchangeable was the greatest, and that extracted with 0.5 m Na2CO3 was the smallest. When grown in the seleniferous soils, raya (Brassica juncea) accumulated (μg Se/g dry matter) 1.5–86.6, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 0.7–58.3, maize (Zea mays L.) 1.7–8.6, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) 1.5–4.6. Raya, wheat, and maize plants absorbed Se more than the maximum permissible level for animal consumption (5 μg Se/g dry matter) in 9, 8, and 4 experimental soils, respectively. Selenium concentration of maize was significantly correlated with the amount of Se extracted by 0.25 m KCl (r = 0.646,P < 0.01), 0.1 m KH2PO4 (r = 0.498,P < 0.10), and with total Se concentration (r = 0.628,P < 0.05) of the soils; Se concentration in rice was correlated with AB-DTPA extractable Se (r = 0.443,P < 0.10). Highly significant relationships between hot water soluble Se and concentration of Se in raya (r = 0.705,P < 0.01), wheat (r = 0.696,P < 0.01), maize (r = 0.698,P < 0.01), and rice (r = 0.559,P < 0.05) suggest that it can reliably quantify bioavailable Se in seleniferous soils of north-western India. Hot water soluble Se was positively correlated with electrical conductivity (r = 0.514,P < 0.05), total Se concentration (r = 0.710,P < 0.01), and KCl-extractable Se (r = 0.712,P < 0.01) of the soils.

Sediment content and chemical properties of water runoff on biocrusts in drylands

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Lázaro ◽  
Juan Mora
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn drylands, water erosion can be a process with important economic and ecological implications, and is very dependent on the soil surface cover. There is broad agreement that biocrusts protect the soil from erosion in a wide range of circumstances. However, there is little information available on the effect of rain and biocrust types on this protective capacity and there is particularly very little knowledge on the erosive effects of runoff on biocrusts, which are expected to be larger in larger drainage areas, on the resistance of biocrusts to the combined effect of raindrops plus runoff flow and on the solute mobilisation by runoff in biocrusts. To answer these questions, we performed 96 rainfall-simulation in situ factorial experiments, including two biocrust types (cyanobacteria and lichens), three rain types (42, 63 and 77 mm h−1, always 20 min rain), four plot lengths (1, 2, 3 and 4 m long) and four replicates. In each experiment, runoff volume was measured and a runoff sample was taken to determine (i) the amount of dry matter in runoff, (ii) the amount of organic matter among the dry matter, (iii) the electrical conductivity, pH and alkalinity in runoff water. The main findings were: biocrusts strongly protected soil against water erosion, even under the most erosive conditions, and the protection increased with the successional development. Biocrusts were very resistant to the impact of raindrops and also to runoff flow, although an emergent hypothesis arose: under the most erosive conditions, a threshold of erodibility could be reached at the cyanobacterial biocrust. The lichen crust also protected the soil against the removal of soil soluble substances. The development of a biocrust could change the chemical composition of the solutes in runoff.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of aerosols at the summit of Mountain Tai in Central East China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 7319-7332 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Deng ◽  
G. Zhuang ◽  
K. Huang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. PM2.5 and TSP samples were collected at the summit of Mountain Tai (MT) (1534 m a.s.l.) in spring 2006/2007 and summer 2006 to investigate the characteristics of aerosols over central eastern China. For comparison, aerosol samples were also collected at Tazhong, Urumqi, and Tianchi in Xinjiang in northwestern China, Duolun and Yulin in northern China, and two urban sites in the megacities, Beijing and Shanghai, in 2007. Daily mass concentrations of TSP and PM2.5 ranged from 39.6–287.6 μg m−3 and 17.2–235.7 μg m−3 respectively at the summit of MT. Averaged concentrations of PM2.5 showed a pronounced seasonal variation with higher concentration in summer than spring. 17 water-soluble ions (SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, F−, PO43−, NO2−, CH3COO−, CH2C2O42−, C2H4C2O42−, HCOO−, MSA, C2O42−, NH4+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+), and 19 elements of all samples were measured. SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ were the major water-soluble species in PM2.5, accounting for 61.50 % and 72.65 % of the total measured ions in spring and summer, respectively. The average ratio of PM2.5/TSP was 0.37(2006) and 0.49(2007) in spring, while up to 0.91 in summer, suggesting that aerosol particles were primarily comprised of fine particles in summer and of considerable coarse particles in spring. Crustal elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, etc.) showed higher concentration in spring than summer, while most of the pollution species (SO42−, NO3−, K+, NO2−, NH4+, Cl−, organic acids, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr) from local/regional anthropogenic emissions or secondary formation presented higher concentration in summer. The ratio of Ca/Al suggested the impact of Asian dust from the western deserts on the air quality in this region. The high concentration of K+ in PM2.5 (4.41 μg m−3) and its good correlation with black carbon (r = 0.90) and oxalic acid (r = 0.87) suggested the severe pollution from biomass burning, which was proved to be a main source of fine particles over central eastern China in summer. The contribution of biomass burning to the fine particle at MT accounted for 7.56 % in spring and 36.71 % in summer, and even reached to 81.58 % on a day. As and Pb were two of the most enriched elements. The long-range transport of aerosols spread the heavy pollution from coal-mining/coal-ash to everywhere over China. Anthropogenic air-pollution was evidently rather severe at MT, though it has been declared by UNESCO to be a World Heritage site.

scholarly journals Comparison of the impact of blue spruce and reed Calamagrostis villosa on forest soil chemical properties

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
O. Špulák ◽  
D. Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Humus Horizons

The impact of blue spruce (<I>Picea pungens</I>) and reed <I>Calamagrostis villosa</I>) cover on quantity and quality of upper soil layers was investigated. The research was conducted in the Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic (altitude 880 m, acidic spruce forest site type – 8K). Mean weight of dry matter of holorganic horizons was similar under both variants. Totally, there were accumulated 153 t/ha of dry matter of humus horizons in blue spruce and 174 t/ha in reed. Soil pH (KCl) varied from 3.7 to 3.2 under blue spruce stand and from 3.6 to 3.3 under reed. The differences of concentrations of nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg) were not found significant either. Only L horizon showed significant differences: there were higher values of cation exchangeable capacity (T) and higher content of exchangeable bases (S) under reed. We found very similar forest-floor humus properties under both species. Therefore we can not state worsening of the soil conditions under blue spruce compared to areas covered with tested forest weed species.

Effects of spring grazing on dryland perennial ryegrass/white clover dairy pastures. 1. Pasture accumulation rates, dry matter consumed yield, and nutritive characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. McKenzie ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

A 3-year experiment (September 1999–August 2002) was conducted in south-western Victoria to determine the impact of spring grazing on pasture accumulation rates, dry matter (DM) consumed yield (estimate of DM yield), and pasture nutritive characteristics [metabolisable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC)] of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture. Spring grazing treatments, applied annually from September to November, were based on ryegrass leaf development stage with high (HF), medium (MF), and low (LF) grazing frequency being 2-, 3-, and 4-leaf stage, respectively, and post-grazing height as the grazing intensity with high (HI), medium (MI), and low (LI) grazing intensity being 3, 5, and 8 cm, respectively. Five combinations were used: HFHI, LFHI, MFMI, HFLI, and LFLI. A sixth treatment, rapid grazing (RG), maintained pasture between 1500 and 1800 kg DM/ha by grazing weekly during spring, and a seventh and eighth treatment, simulating forage conservation for early-cut silage (lock-up for 6–7 weeks; SIL) and late-cut hay (lock-up for 11–12 weeks; HAY), were also included. For the remainder of the year, all plots were grazed at the perennial ryegrass 3-leaf stage of growth, or when pasture mass had reached 2800 kg DM/ha, and grazed to a residual height of 5 cm. On average, pasture accumulation rates ranged from <5 (February–March) to 100–110 kg DM/ha.day (September–October). Overall, SIL resulted in a lower accumulation rate than all other treatments. High spring grazing frequency (including RG) treatments led to more grazing events than medium and low spring grazing frequency treatments. In Years 1, 2, and 3, DM consumed ranged from 9.7 (HAY) to 16.3 (RG), 4.2 (HAY) to 10.1 (HFHI), and 7.3 (SIL) to 10.9 t DM/ha.year (HAY), respectively. HAY resulted in a lower pasture ME content than SIL, HFHI, and LFHI spring grazing, and LFLI spring grazing resulted in a lower pasture ME content than all other treatments except HAY. HFHI grazing resulted in an increase in ME content over time, whereas the rate of increase in ME content over time was higher for LFLI spring grazing than for HAY, RG, and HFLI spring grazing. For all treatments, average pasture ME content ranged from 9.4 (January–February) to 11.4 MJ/kg DM (September). HAY resulted in a lower CP content than all treatments except LFLI grazing. RG resulted in no change in CP content over time. For all treatments, average pasture CP content ranged from a low of 11–14 (January–February) to a high of 24–28% DM (August–September). LFLI grazing resulted in a higher NDF content than HFHI, LFHI, MFMI, and HFLI grazing, while RG resulted in a lower NDF content than LFHI, MFMI, and HFLI. For all treatments, average pasture NDF content ranged from a low of 48–55 (August–September) to a high of 58–62% DM (January–February). All treatments resulted in an increase in pasture WSC content over time. The results demonstrate that frequent and intense grazing management (e.g. HFHI and RG) during spring is important in maintaining high pasture DM yields. Results also indicate positive pasture nutritive characteristic (ME, CP, and NDF) gains with more frequent spring grazing than with infrequent spring grazing. No treatment effect was observed for WSC content.

scholarly journals Bioefficacies of microbes for mitigation of Azo dyes in textile industry effluent: A review

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9858-9881
Author(s):  
Ambika Saxena ◽  
Sarika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, India has emerged as a promising industrial hub. It has a cluster of textile, dyeing, and printing industries. The adjoining rivers/water bodies receive mostly untreated discharge from these industries. Textile industrial effluent contains various contaminants (dyes, heavy metals, toxicants, and other organic/inorganic dissolved solids) that alter the physico-chemical properties of adjoining land and waterbodies in which it is discharged, thereby degrading the water quality and subsequently affecting the landscapes in the vicinity. This ultimately affects the flora and fauna of the locale and has adverse effects on human health. Out of the total dyes (approximately 10,000 dyes) exploited in the textile dyeing and printing units, azo dyes possess a complex structure and are synthetic in origin. They contribute nearly 70% to the total effluent discharge. Biological processes are based on the ability of inhabiting indigenous microorganisms in these contaminated environments to tolerate, resist, decolorize/degrade, and mitigate the recalcitrant compounds. Exploring microbes with higher efficacy of azo dye degradation can reduce the amount of chemical discharged from the process. The present review explores the potential of microbial diversity for the development of an effective bioremediation approach. The review also includes the impact of azo dyes on the flora and fauna, as well as conventional and microbe-assisted nanoparticle technology for treatment of the textile wastewater targeting the degradation of dye contaminants.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis in the macro and micro nutrient compositions of locally available polished rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Md.Jahirul Islam ◽  
Jayasree Das ◽  
Nurul Absar ◽  
Md. Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Water Soluble Protein

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the developing world and the staple food of more than half the global population. An investigation was carried out to identify chemical and minerals composition of twelve varieties of locally produced polished rice namely, Parija, Minikat, Sawrna, Jeerashile, Nurjahan, Pari Shiddho, Paijam, Basmoti, Govindavogh, Katarivogh, Nagirshail and Chinigura. We analyzed Moisture, Ash, Dry Matter, Crude Fibre(CF), Crude Protein(CP),Water soluble protein, Fat, Total Carbohydrate, Metabolizable Energy (ME),Total sugar, Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and minerals when the rice varieties are in polished form and obtained comparative data on their chemical composition and nutritive values. The results revealed the presence of nutrient constituent among the twelve varieties comprising Moisture(10.21±0.07to13.22±0.08%), Ash(0.30±0.02 to 0.57±0.02%), Dry Matter(86.78±0.08 to 89.78±0.07%), Crude Fibre(0.15±0.02 to 0.63±0.02%), Crude Protein(6.31±0.01 to 8.31±0.01%), Water soluble protein(0.13±0.02 to 0.25±0.02%),Fat(0.09±0.01 to 2.90±0.02%), Total Carbohydrate (76.33±0.13 to 81.87±0.05%), Metabolizable Energy (2834.31 to 3017.27 Kcal/Kg), Total sugar(0.06±0.01 to 0.40±0.01%), Reducing sugar(0.01±0.01 to 0.09±0.02%), Non-reducing sugar(0.05±0.01 to 0.36±0.01%) and minerals such as Sodium (69.07±0.13 to 118.87±0.39 mg%), Potassium(0.38±0.02 to 3.41±0.47mg%), Calcium (1.1±0.1 to 1.85±0.03mg%), Magnesium (0.13±0.04 to 0.61±0.01mg%), Iron (0.0003±0.0005 to 0.0005±0.0002mg%), Phosphorus (0.52±0.03 to 2.33±0.03mg%) respectively. 

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