Altitudinal distribution and abundance of microhylid frogs (Cophixalus and Austrochaperina) of north-eastern Australia: baseline data for detecting biological responses to future climate change

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Shoo ◽  
Y. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Extensive abundance surveys of microhylid frogs across altitudinal gradients within the Wet Tropics rainforests of north-eastern Australia were undertaken. Detailed patterns of abundance were resolved for nine microhylid species exhibiting differing associations within the altitudinal gradient. The position of altitudinal range boundaries was found to be largely consistent with previous accounts in the literature, providing confidence in established limits to species distributions. Microhylid frogs, in particular those species restricted to mountaintops, are considered among other endemic rainforest vertebrates within the region to be one of the groups most immediately threatened by climate change. The combined results establish important baseline data for assessing the impacts of climate change, including altitudinal shifts in distribution and localised declines in abundance, on microhylid frogs in the region.

Climate, ticks and disease

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The World ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
The Future ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract This book is a collection of 77 expert opinions arranged in three sections. Section 1 on "Climate" sets the scene, including predictions of future climate change, how climate change affects ecosystems, and how to model projections of the spatial distribution of ticks and tick-borne infections under different climate change scenarios. Section 2 on "Ticks" focuses on ticks (although tick-borne pathogens creep in) and whether or not changes in climate affect the tick biosphere, from physiology to ecology. Section 3 on "Disease" focuses on the tick-host-pathogen biosphere, ranging from the triangle of tick-host-pathogen molecular interactions to disease ecology in various regions and ecosystems of the world. Each of these three sections ends with a synopsis that aims to give a brief overview of all the expert opinions within the section. The book concludes with Section 4 (Final Synopsis and Future Predictions). This synopsis attempts to summarize evidence provided by the experts of tangible impacts of climate change on ticks and tick-borne infections. In constructing their expert opinions, contributors give their views on what the future might hold. The final synopsis provides a snapshot of their expert thoughts on the future.

Bats can reach 3626 m a.s.l. in Papua New Guinea: altitudinal range extensions for six rainforest bat species

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pita K. Amick ◽  
Katerina Sam ◽  
Gendio Drumo ◽  
Pagi S. Toko ◽  
Vojtech Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
Mammal Diversity

Abstract Bats represent an important, but poorly known component of mammal diversity in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Our surveys in two altitudinal rainforest gradients recorded 43 bat species of which six (Dobsonia minor, D. praedatrix, Hipposideros calcaratus, H. maggietaylorae, Miniopterus australis, Miniopterus sp.) fell outside of their known altitudinal ranges. This enlargement could reflect the lack of past sampling, or a genuine range extension, potentially in response to climate change. Our study highlights the importance of baseline data on the altitudinal distribution of vertebrates, including bats, in PNG for the monitoring of their response to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.

Cambial phenology in Abies pindrow (Pinaceae) along an altitudinal gradient in northwestern Himalaya

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-201
Author(s):  
Rayees Malik ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Raman Sukumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Abies Pindrow ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Climate change is expected to be heterogeneous across the world, with high impacts on the Himalayan ecosystems. There is a need to precisely document cambial phenology and wood formation in these regions to better understand climate-growth relationships and how trees face a warming climate. This study describes the dynamics of cambial phenology in pindrow fir (Abies pindrow) along its altitudinal gradient in the Himalaya. The stages of xylem phenology, and the duration and rate of wood formation were assessed from anatomical observations during the growing season from samples collected weekly from three sites at various altitudes (2392–2965 m a.s.l.) over two years. There were significant differences in the duration and rate of cell formation along the altitudinal gradient, which decreased at increasing altitudes. The growing season duration decreased by 5.2 and 3.7 days every 100 m of increase in altitude in 2014 and 2015, respectively, while the rate of cell formation decreased from 0.38 and 0.44 cells /day to 0.29 and 0.34 cells/day in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Cell production decreased from 63.3 and 67.0 cells to 38.3 and 45.2 cells with a decrease of 4.3 and 3.8 cells per 100 m increase in altitude in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The higher precipitation in 2015 increased the growth rate and resulted in a higher xylem production. Our findings give new insights into the dynamics of cambial phenology and help in better understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on tree growth and forest productivity of Himalayan forests.

scholarly journals Catchment modelling of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loads with SedNet/ANNEX in the Tully - Murray basin

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Armour ◽  
L. R. Hateley ◽  
G. L. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hill Slope ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
The Impact

A long-term, annual-average catchment biophysical model (SedNet/ANNEX) was used to calculate sediment, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads in the Tully–Murray catchment of north-eastern Australia. A total of 119 000 t year–1 of suspended sediment, equivalent to 430 kg ha–1 year–1, was calculated to be exported to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Most of the sediment (64%) was generated from hill-slope erosion. The modelled load of dissolved inorganic N (1159 t year–1 or 4.2 kg N ha–1 year–1) was similar to that from other wet tropics catchments in Queensland with similar areas of sugarcane. Sugarcane produced 77% of this load. The annual loads of total N and total P were 2319 t and 244 t, respectively. Simulations (scenarios) were run to evaluate the impact of improved land management on pollutant loads to the GBR. A combination of improved cultivation and fertiliser management of sugarcane and bananas (99% of cropping land) and restoration of the most degraded riparian areas reduced sediment by 23 000 t year–1 (18%) and dissolved inorganic N by 286 t year–1 (25%). However, this reduction is much less than the reduction of 80% that may be needed in the catchment to meet target chlorophyll loads in the marine environment.

Potential distribution patterns of scorpions in north-eastern Brazil under scenarios of future climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Felipe de Araujo Lira ◽  
Raúl Badillo-Montaño ◽  
Andrés Lira-Noriega ◽  
Cleide Maria Ribeiro de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern

Responses of Non-volant Mammals to Late Quaternary Climatic Changes in the Wet Tropics Region of North-eastern Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Glacial Periods

It is generally recognised that the distribution of vertebrates in rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest of the Wet Tropics region of north-eastern Australia is profoundly influenced by the formation of two rainforest refugia at the height of Pleistocene glacial periods. Anomalies in the distribution of non-volant mammals indicate that other events may be equally important. In this paper, past geographical occurrence of non-volant mammals is examined by equating the mammals’ known temperature tolerance with palaeoclimatic temperature zones. It is hypothesised that dispersal and vicariant phases taking place since the most recent glacial period have had a profound influence on current patterns of distribution. A major dispersal phase of cool-adapted species occurred after the glacial period, and continuous populations were subsequently fragmented into upland isolates by expansion of warm rainforest during the late post-glacial period. These upland isolates remain substantially unchanged to the present day. Species shared either with New Guinea or south-eastern Australia arrived in the region during the most recent post-glacial period. Clarification of periods of vicariance and dispersal provides a conceptual framework for testing relative divergences of populations within and between regions.

scholarly journals Simulating Climate Change Impacts and Adaptive Measures for Rice Cultivation in Hunan Province, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamei Li ◽  
Wenxiang Wu ◽  
Quansheng Ge ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Chenchen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Ensemble Average ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fertilization Effects ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractClimate change will inevitably continue for the next few decades and will have an impact on climate-sensitive agricultural production, emphasizing the need to design effective adaptive strategies to cope with climate risk or take advantage of potential climatic benefits. In this study, the latest version of the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Rice (CERES-Rice) model was applied to assess the impacts of climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization on rice yield, as well as the effectiveness of two popularly adopted adaptive measures in Hunan Province, the main rice-production location in China. The simulation spanned 30 years of baseline (1981–2010) as well as three future periods (2011–40, 2041–70, and 2071–99) with climate data generated by five general circulation models under the newly developed representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The simulation results showed that, in comparison with average rice yield during the baseline (1981–2010), the ensemble-average yield of all cultivars during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s would decrease under both RCPs without CO2 fertilization effects. The ensemble-average yield reduction during the 2080s was alleviated under both RCPs if CO2 fertilization effects were accounted for. Adaptation simulations indicated that two adaptive measures (switching cultivars and changing planting dates) could mitigate the adverse effect to different extents. The intermodel variability under both RCPs was generally small. These findings may provide useful insight into the potential impacts of climate change on rice yield and effective adaptive measures to mitigate the adverse effect of future climate change in Hunan Province.

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