The paramphistomes (Trematoda) of Australian ruminants.

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Durie
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Larval Stages

A description of the development at 27�C. of Ceylonocotyle streptocoelium (Fischoeder 1901) Nasmark 1937, a paramphistome from the rumen and reticulum of sheep and cattle in Australia, is given in detail. Eggs hatched after 16 days' incubation and miracidia penetrated the intermediate host, a planorbid snail, Glyptanisus gilberti Dunker 1848, through the mantle cavity. The development of the larval stages of the parasite within the intermediate host was completed 34 days after infection, when cerariae were secreted by snails. Cysts of C. streptocoelium fed to sheep and cattle showed that flukes reached maturity in the rumen in 48 and 56 days respectively. The life cycle of the fluke, therefore, was completed in a minimum period of approximately 3.5 months under these conditions. It was found that temperature had a marked effect on the rate of development of larval stages within the molluscan intermediate host, the developmental period at 20�C. being twice as long as that at 27�C. The various stages occurring in the molluscan intermediate host are described in detail. The development of Paramphistomum ichikauiai Fukui 1922 is compared with that of C. streptocoelium. The rate of development was found to be more rapid than for C. streptocoelium under the same conditions. Eggs hatched after 12 days incubation and cercariae were secreted from the intermediate host, Segnitilia alphena Iredale 1943, 25 days after infection. Flukes were found to reach maturity in sheep 49-51 days after cysts had been fed. The eggs and intra-molluscan stages are similar in both species, but the cercariae may be readily distinguished by anatomical differences in their excretory systems. The life cycle in this species takes approximately 3 months to complete under these conditions. The molluscan intermediate hosts of the two species of amphistomes are described and notes on their bionomics are given.

Life cycle studies on two Digenea, Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) and Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae), in geckonid lizards from Indonesia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Kennedy ◽  
L. M. Killick ◽  
M. Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Pulmonate Gastropod ◽  
First Intermediate Host

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.

Observations on the Larval Stages of Muellerius capillaris within the Intermediate Hosts Agriolimax agrestis and A. reticulatus

1957 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Do So ◽  
Muellerius Capillaris

1. The rate of development of the larvae of M. capillaris is slowed down as the temperature is lowered; at 25°C. the infective stage is reached after 8 days; at 5°C. after 98 days.2. The differences between “pre-infective” and “infective” larvae, as described by Gerichter (1948), have been confirmed.3. Larvae at the “infective” stage can withstand artificial digestion, but “pre-infective” larvae are unable to do so.4. The infective larvae can survive for long periods within the foot of the intermediate host.5. Pre-infective larvae can survive for seven days after the death of the intermediate host; infective larvae can live for sixteen days.6. Naturally-infected slugs were found throughout the greater part of the year. 13.5 per cent of the slugs collected were infected but in most instances only a few larvae were present in any one slug.

Biology of Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea), a Parasite of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of Babine Lake, British Columbia

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1735-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert P. J. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Rate Of Development

Adult worms recovered from naturally infected sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts provided the eggs for regeneration of Eubothrium salvelini in the laboratory. Of several copepods tested three species of Cyclops proved to be successful intermediate hosts whereby infections were ultimately transmitted to sockeye fry. The parasite's life cycle is described. The rate of development within the intermediate host is shown to be related directly to temperature. It is also demonstrated that susceptibility of fry to infection diminishes as they exceed a certain size.

scholarly journals Molecular data reshape our understanding of the life cycles of three digeneans (Monorchiidae and Gymnophallidae) infecting the bivalve, Donax variabilis: it’s just a facultative host!

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Hill-Spanik ◽  
Claudia Sams ◽  
Vincent A. Connors ◽  
Tessa Bricker ◽  
Isaure de Buron
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Donax Variabilis

The coquina, Donax variabilis, is a known intermediate host of monorchiid and gymnophallid digeneans. Limited morphological criteria for the host and the digeneans’ larval stages have caused confusion in records. Herein, identities of coquinas from the United States (US) Atlantic coast were verified molecularly. We demonstrate that the current GenBank sequences for D. variabilis are erroneous, with the US sequence referring to D. fossor. Two cercariae and three metacercariae previously described in the Gulf of Mexico and one new cercaria were identified morphologically and molecularly, with only metacercariae occurring in both hosts. On the Southeast Atlantic coast, D. variabilis’ role is limited to being a facultative second intermediate host, and D. fossor, an older species, acts as both first and second intermediate hosts. Sequencing demonstrated 100% similarities between larval stages for each of the three digeneans. Sporocysts, single tail cercariae, and metacercariae in the incurrent siphon had sequences identical to those of monorchiid Lasiotocus trachinoti, for which we provide the complete life cycle. Adults are not known for the other two digeneans, and sequences from their larval stages were not identical to any in GenBank. Large sporocysts, cercariae (Cercaria choanura), and metacercariae in the coquinas’ foot were identified as Lasiotocus choanura (Hopkins, 1958) n. comb. Small sporocysts, furcocercous cercariae, and metacercariae in the mantle were identified as gymnophallid Parvatrema cf. donacis. We clarify records wherein authors recognized the three digenean species but confused their life stages, and probably the hosts, as D. variabilis is sympatric with cryptic D. texasianus in the Gulf of Mexico.

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

The Life-Cycle and Morphology of Stemmatostoma-Pearsoni, Gen Et Sp-Nov, With Notes on the Morphology of Telogaster-Opisthorchis Macfarlane (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Cribb
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Redial Generation ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Mother Sporocyst ◽  
First Intermediate Host ◽  
Prosobranch Snail

Stemmatostoma pearsoni, gen. et sp. nov., is described from the intestine of Leiopotherapon unicolor (Gunther) and Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner) in Queensland. Stemmatostoma is placed within the Neochasminae and is distinguished by its long oesophagus, compact ovary, short caeca, pre-ovarian vitellaria, simple gonotyl and funnel-shaped oral sucker. The diagnosis of the Neochasminae is emended excluding Parspina Pearse. Telogaster opisthorchis Macfarlane is recorded from the intestine of Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner from Victoria. The spinose oral suckers of S. pearsoni and T. opisthorchis are capable of being retracted into tegumental pockets. It is postulated that this arrangement may be widespread amongst spinose cryptogonimids. The first intermediate host of S. pearsoni is Posticobia brazieri (Smith), a prosobranch snail. The second intermediate hosts are freshwater fish: Hypseleotris galii (Ogilby), H. compressus (Krefft), Mogurnda mogurnda (Richardson), M. adspersa (Castelnau), Philypnodon grandiceps (Krefft), Gobiomorphus australis (Krefft), and Pseudomugil signifer Kner. Within the snail there is a mother sporocyst generation, a redial generation and a cercarial generation. Development of the mother sporocyst is similar to that described for other opisthorchioids. Cryptogonimid cercariae are characterized by 16 flame-cells, pre-vesicular penetration glands, dorso-ventral caudal finfolds and absence of body pigmentation. On the basis of cercarial and adult morphology it is proposed that Pseudexorchis Yamaguti be excluded from the Cryptogonimidae.

The life cycle of Parvatrema homoeotecnum sp.nov.(Trematoda: Digenea) and a review of the family Gymnophallidae Morozov, 1955

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. James
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Littorina Saxatilis ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Haematopus Ostralegus

1. Parvatrema homoeotecnum sp.nov. from the oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus occidentalis Neumann at Aberystwyth is described and compared with other species of the genus.2. The life cycle of this species is unique. The larval stages occur in the gastropod, Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) subsp. tenebrosa (Montagu) and include germinal sacs which have a structure and development similar to an adult digenean. There are no free-living stages and only one intermediate host.3. The significance of this unique life cycle is discussed.4. The family Gymnophallidae Morozov, 1955, is reviewed. Emended definitions are given for the family, subfamilies and genera. Keys, diagnostic features and brief notes of the species are included.I am very grateful to Dr Gwendolen Rees, who suggested the investigation which led to the discovery of this species, for her advice and indispensable assistance throughout the work and the preparation of this paper. I am also grateful to the late Professor T. A. Stephenson for his interest and for the provision of working facilities; to Mr W. A. Ballantine, Mr A. H. Clarke, Jr., Mr C. Curtis, Miss G. P. F. Evans, Dr V. Fretter, Professor L. A. Harvey, Mr D. H. Jones and Dr J. Lewis who sent me specimens of Littorina saxatilis; to Professor R. M. Cable and Emerit. Professor G. R. La Rue for helpful suggestions; to Mr J. R. Hirst and Mr D. Hemingway Jones for photographic and technical assistance and to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for a grant which made the work possible.

Larval development of Angiostrongylus chabaudi, the causative agent of feline angiostrongylosis, in the snail Cornu aspersum

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 1922-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. COLELLA ◽  
M. A. CAVALERA ◽  
G. DEAK ◽  
V. D. TARALLO ◽  
C. M. GHERMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Cornu Aspersum ◽  
Angiostrongylus Chabaudi

SUMMARYNematodes of the Angiostrongylidae family, such as Angiostrongylus vasorum and Angiostrongylus cantonensis, may cause potentially life-threatening diseases in several mammal species. Alongside these well-known species, Angiostrongylus chabaudi has been recently found affecting the cardiopulmonary system of domestic and wild cats from Italy, Germany, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria. Nonetheless, significant gaps in the understanding of A. chabaudi epidemiology include the lack of information of species acting as intermediate host and of the morphological description of larval stages. Cornu aspersum (n = 30) land snails were infected with 100 first-stage larvae of A. chabaudi collected from a naturally infected wildcat in Romania. Larvae at different developmental stages were found in 29 out of 30 (96·7%) infected snails and a total of 282 (mean 9·8 ± 3·02 larvae per each specimen) were collected from the gastropods. Here we demonstrate that A. chabaudi develops in snails and report C. aspersum as potential intermediate host for this parasitic nematode. Findings of this study are central to understand the ecological features of feline angiostrongylosis and its epidemiology within paratenic and intermediate hosts.

scholarly journals Larval trematodes in freshwater gastropods from Mato Grosso, Brazil: diversity and host-parasites relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Carvalho de Mattos ◽  
Maria Fernanda Furtado Boaventura ◽  
Monica Ammon Fernandez ◽  
Silvana Carvalho Thiengo
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Pomacea Maculata ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
First Time

A survey for freshwater gastropods carrying trematodes parasites was conducted in Manso Dam and the surrounding areas frequented by tourist, focusing particularly on the Pantanal region. Infected snails were recovered from twelve of the eighteen investigated municipalities and forty-one cercaria-snail pairings were recorded. Among these pairings were several first records of snails serving as intermediate hosts for trematodes in Brazil including Biomphalaria amazônica Paraense, 1966, Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981, Marisa planogyra Pilsbry, 1933, Pomacea maculata Perry, 1830, Pomacea scalaris (d'Orbigny, 1835) and Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828). Echinostomatidae and Strigeidae were the most common trematode families (ca. 47%) and the greatest diversity of larvae were obtained from Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839). Paramphistomatidae, Schistosomatidae or Spirorchiidae and Notocotylidae or Pronocephalidae were recovered in D. lucidum for the first time extending the number of families which use this gastropod as intermediate host. Although no specimens were found harboring larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 other trematode larvae were discovered, including the Schistosomatidae Brevifurcate apharingeate cercaria that can cause dermatitis in humans. Continued studies on the taxonomy and biology of trematodes are essential to better understand the biodiversity of these parasites as well as the epidemiological aspects for control of associated zoonosis.

The development of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in its intermediate host Cypridopsis vidua in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Sousa Lourenço ◽  
Germán Augusto Murrieta Morey ◽  
José Celso de Oliveira Malta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cypridopsis Vidua

AbstractThe family Neoechinorhynchidae includes seven species ofNeoechinorhynchusfrom freshwater fishes of Brazil. Although severalNeoechinorhynchusspecies are cited infecting different fish species in Brazil, there is a lack of information concerning to their life cycle and the identification of the intermediate hosts. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the development ofNeoechinorhynchus buttneraein its intermediate host collected in a fish farm located in Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas, Brazil. To verify the presence ofN. buttneraein the fish pond, twentyColossoma macropomumwere captured and analyzed, being corroborated the presence of this parasite species. Samples of plankton were also collected, finding the ostracodCypridopsis viduaas the intermediate host. For the description of the larvae development, a laboratory experimental procedure was conducted by feeding the collected ostracods with the eggs of the adult specimens taken from the sampled fish. To observe the stages of development an artificial hatch was performed. Every stage of development was photographed, measured, drawn and described. The time of development of the immature stages ofN. buttneraewas 29 days, reporting the stages: acanthor, acanthella (with eight developmental changes) and cystacanth. As high infections byN. buttneraecauses morphological damages to the intestine and may compromise the quality ofC. macropomumand in consequence the production of fish farmers in the Brazilian Amazon region, the knowledge of its intermediate host and the understanding of its life cycle represents a useful information to prevent and combat infections by this parasite.

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