Rainfall and changes in abundance of Aphodius tasmaniae Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the lower south-east of South Australia.

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Maelzer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Lower South ◽  
Low Birth Rate

This paper discusses the causes of three "outbreaks" of the univoltine species, A. tasmaniae, that occurred in the lower south-east of South Australia between 1927 and 1958. Since experimental data had suggested that moisture was the major factor influencing fluctuations in numbers, a comparison was made of the abundance of A. tasmaniae and the "wetness" in each year during three postulated critical periods, namely (1) January-March (summer) when a deficiency of rain could result in a low birth rate; (2) March-May (autumn) when drought could result in a high mortality of first instar larvae; and (3) July-September (winter), when excess rainfall could drown the larvae or promote infection with the pathogenic fungus Cordyceps aphodii Mathieson. The comparison suggested that a marked reduction in numbers followed a long autumn drought on one occasion, and followed a summer with little effective rain on three other occasions; but a reduction in numbers could not be associated clearly with even one wet winter. On the other hand, the greatest increases in numbers followed winters that were drier than average, provided that the weather was not too unfavourable at other times of the year; and the periods of 4 years before each outbreak were noticeable for the unusual prevalence of dry winters and wet summers. It is concluded that the fluctuations in numbers of A. tasmaniae between 1927 and 1958 have been determined largely by weather and by Cordyceps infection.

Ease of calving, growth and carcass characteristics of crossbred calves in the lower South East of South Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (122) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
MPB Deland ◽  
RW Ponzoni ◽  
RW McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Lower South ◽  
Jersey Cows

Hereford, Charolais and Brahman sires were mated to Hereford, Shorthorn, Jersey and Friesian xshorthorn cows for four successive years from June 1969 at Struan Research Centre in South Australia. Assistance was given during 15 .9% of calvings resulting from Charolais sires, 6.8% resulting from Brahman sires and 2.1% from Hereford sires (differences statistically significant, P < 0 05). A greater percentage of Friesian x Shorthorn (13.8) than of Shorthorn (5.0) or Jersey (4 3) cows were assisted at birth (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences between the percentage of Hereford cows assisted (10.9) and that of any of the other dam breeds. There were no significant differences in calf mortality among sire breeds or among dam breeds. Charolais-sired calves were heavier at birth, 270,340 and 430 d old and had heavier (1 95 kg) carcasses with a smaller proportion of fat than Brahman- and Hereford-sired carcasses (180 and 167 kg respectively) at 430d old. Brahman-sired calves were heavier than Hereford-sired calves at birth, 370, 430 d old. However, they were significantly lighter at 270 d old. Hereford cows gave birth to significantly heavier calves than Shorthorn and Jersey cows but there were no clear differences due to dam breed in growth rates of calves, carcass weights or composition. It was concluded that the use of Charolais sires in the lower South East of South Australia can result in significant increases in the growth rate of slaughter cattle and in the production of leaner carcasses. Brahman sires did not exhibit clear advantages over Hereford sires. No definite conclusions could be drawn about the dam breeds examined in the study.

The effect of other organisms on the survival rate of Aphodius tasmaniae Hope (Scarabaeidae) in the lower south east of South Australia.

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Maelzer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
South Australia ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Lower South

The survival rate of the univoltine species Aphodius tasmaniae in improved pastures in the lower south-east of South Australia is influenced by individuals of the same species (i.e. by density) and by individuals of many other species. The species is distributed patchily with areas of high density interspersed with more extensive areas of low density. In the areas of high density, competition for food occurs and larvae may "fight". Such fights result in deaths, but there is little evidence of high mortality resulting from competition and little evidence that "density-induced combat" governs the number of the species. Of the other species which influence A. tasmaniae it is considered that the entomophagous fungus Cordyceps aphodii Mathieson is the only one which, in conjunction with water in winter, causes a sufficiently variable mortality from year to year to contribute significantly towards changes in numbers of A. tasmaniae from generation to generation.

The ecology of Oncopera Fasciculata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) in South Australia. 1. Field observations on the nubers of O. Fasciculata and the factors influencing birth rate and death rate.

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Madge
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lower South ◽  
Area Of Study

During some years the underground grass caterpillar, Oncopera fasciculata (Walker), appears in large numbers and causes severe damage to improved pastures in the lower south-east of South Australia and the Central and Western Districts of Victoria. The present paper, which is the first of several, includes a description of the area of study and an account of field observations on the components of the environment that may influence the survivaI rate of the species.

scholarly journals Two and three pseudoscalar production in e+e− annihilation and their contributions to (g − 2)μ

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qin ◽  
Ling-Yun Dai ◽  
Jorge Portolés
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Pseudoscalar Meson ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Anomalous Magnetic Moment ◽  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Meson Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract A coherent study of e+e− annihilation into two (π+π−, K+K−) and three (π+π−π0, π+π−η) pseudoscalar meson production is carried out within the framework of resonance chiral theory in energy region E ≲ 2 GeV. The work of [L.Y. Dai, J. Portolés, and O. Shekhovtsova, Phys. Rev. D88 (2013) 056001] is revisited with the latest experimental data and a joint analysis of two pseudoscalar meson production. Hence, we evaluate the lowest order hadronic vacuum polarization contributions of those two and three pseudoscalar processes to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We also estimate some higher-order additions led by the same hadronic vacuum polarization. Combined with the other contributions from the standard model, the theoretical prediction differs still by (21.6 ± 7.4) × 10−10 (2.9σ) from the experimental value.

Types A and D Trichothecene Mycotoxins from the Fungus Myrothecium roridum

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (09/10) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waranya Lakornwong ◽  
Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul ◽  
Kasem Soytong ◽  
Arm Unartngam ◽  
Sarawut Tontapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactone ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Type D ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum

AbstractChromatographic separation of extracts from the fungal biomass of a plant pathogenic fungus, Myrothecium roridum, yielded 8 trichothecene toxins including 6 type D trichothecenes (1–6) and 2 type A trichothecenes (7–8). 6′,12′-Epoxymyrotoxin A (1) and 7′-hydroxymytoxin B (2) were new macrocyclic trichothecenes, while the other trichothecenes were identified as myrotoxin B (3), myrotoxin D hydrate (4), 2′,3′-epoxymyrothecine A (5), miotoxin A (6), and 2 trichothecenes lacking the macrocyclic lactone system, roridin L-2 (7) and trichoverritone (8). The structures of these mycotoxins were characterized using spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by NOESY and a comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Most of these mycotoxins (1–4 and 6) exhibited highly potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. They also showed strong cytotoxicity towards KB and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC50 0.60 – 112.28 nM), as well as the Vero cell line (IC50 1.50 – 46.51 nM).

scholarly journals Syntheses of two deacetyl-thymosin β4analogs and their anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenin-induced edema in the mouse paw

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Abiko ◽  
R. Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Para Position ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Antiinflammatory Effect ◽  
Solid Phase Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Two {Met(0)6}deacetyl-thymosin β4analogs containing Phe(4F) or Tyr(Me) at position 12 were synthesized by the manual solid-phase method, and their anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenin-induced edema in the mouse paw was studied. Fluorination of the para-position of Phe12resulted in a marked antiinflammatory effect on carrageenin-induced edema in the mouse paw compared with that of our synthetic {Met(0)6}deacetyl-thymosin β4, but the other analog, {Met(0)6, Tyr(Me)12}deacetyl-thymosin β4, showed a marked reduction of the anti-inflammatory effect.

APPLICATION OF A NEW HAMILTONIAN OF INTERACTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1351-1368
Author(s):  
ANDREI DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU OCTAVIAN DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU DOLOCAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Using a new Hamiltonian of interaction we have calculated the cohesive energy in three-dimensional structures. We have found the news dependences of this energy on the distance between the atoms. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental data in ionic, covalent and noble gases crystals. The coupling constant γ between the interacting field and the atoms is somewhat smaller than unity in ionic crystals and is some larger than unity in covalent and noble gases crystals. The formulae found by us are general and may be applied, also, to the other types of interactions, for example, gravitational interactions.

Electron drift caused by rf field gradient creates many plasma phenomena: An attempt to distinguish the cause and the effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. XAPLANTERIS ◽  
E. D. FILIPPAKI ◽  
I. S. MISTAKIDIS ◽  
L. C. XAPLANTERIS
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Collision Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Plasma Parameters

AbstractMany experimental data along with their theoretical interpretations on the rf low-temperature cylindrical plasma have been issued until today. Our Laboratory has contributed to that research by publishing results and interpretative mathematical models. With the present paper, two issues are being examined; firstly, the estimation of electron drift caused by the rf field gradient, which is the initial reason for the plasma behaviour, and secondly, many new experimental results, especially the electron-neutral collision frequency effect on the other plasma parameters and quantities. Up till now, only the plasma steady state was taken into consideration when a theoretical elaboration was carried out, regardless of the cause and the effect. This indicates the plasma's complicated and chaotic configuration and the need to simplify the problem. In the present work, a classification about the causality of the phenomena is attempted; the rf field gradient electron drift is proved to be the initial cause.

Buckling Design of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Based on Energy Barrier Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150165
Author(s):  
Haigui Fan ◽  
Wenguang Gu ◽  
Longhua Li ◽  
Peiqi Liu ◽  
Dapeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Thin Shell ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Buckling Loads

Buckling design of axially compressed cylindrical shells is still a challenging subject considering the high imperfection-sensitive characteristic in this kind of structure. With the development of various design methods, the energy barrier concept dealing with buckling of imperfection-sensitive cylindrical shells exhibits a promising prospect in recent years. In this study, buckling design of imperfection-sensitive cylindrical shells under axial compression based on the energy barrier approach is systematically investigated. The methodology about buckling design based on the energy barrier approach is described in detail first taking advantage of the cylindrical shells whose buckling loads have been extensively tested. Then, validation and discussion about this buckling design method have been carried out by the numerical and experimental analyses on the cylindrical shells with different geometrical and boundary imperfections. Results in this study together with the available experimental data have verified the reliability and advantage of the buckling design method based on energy barrier approach. A design criterion based on the energy barrier approach is therefore established and compared with the other criteria. Results indicate that buckling design based on energy barrier approach can be used as an efficient way in the lightweight design of thin-shell structures.

Psychophysical interactions with a double-slit interference pattern: Exploratory evidence of a causal influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Dean Radin ◽  
Helané Wahbeh ◽  
Leena Michel ◽  
Arnaud Delorme
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Interference Pattern ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fringe Visibility ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Slit

An experiment we conducted from 2012 to 2013, which had not been previously reported, was designed to explore possible psychophysical effects resulting from the interaction of a human mind with a quantum system. Participants focused their attention toward or away from the slits in a double-slit optical system to see if the interference pattern would be affected. Data were collected from 25 people in individual half-hour sessions; each person repeated the test ten times for a total of 250 planned sessions. “Sham” sessions designed to mimic the experimental sessions without observers present were run immediately before and after as controls. Based on the planned analysis, no evidence for a psychophysical effect was found. Because this experiment differed in two essential ways from similar, previously reported double-slit experiments, two exploratory analyses were developed, one based on a simple spectral analysis of the interference pattern and the other based on fringe visibility. For the experimental data, the outcome supported a pattern of results predicted by a causal psychophysical effect, with the spectral metric resulting in a 3.4 sigma effect (p = 0.0003), and the fringe visibility metric resulting in 7 of 22 fringes tested above 2.3 sigma after adjustment for type I error inflation, with one of those fringes at 4.3 sigma above chance (p = 0.00001). The same analyses applied to the sham data showed uniformly null outcomes. Other analyses exploring the potential that these results were due to mundane artifacts, such as fluctuations in temperature or vibration, showed no evidence of such influences. Future studies using the same protocols and analytical methods will be required to determine if these exploratory results are idiosyncratic or reflect a genuine psychophysical influence.

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