Correlations between Breeding Activity in the Marsupial Bandicoots and some Environmental Variables

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Barnes ◽  
RT Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
New South ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Derivatives Of

The percentage of lactating females in wild populations of bandicoots, observed during each month of the year, has been correlated with the environmental variables of daylength, rainfall and temperature, and derivatives of these variables. Breeding activity recorded in four studies carried out in each of the eastern Australian states, Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, was examined. In all four studies, the proportion of lactating females was strongly correlated with the rate of change of minimum temperature, although in some studies rainfall and daylength showed some small additional associations. An analysis of the number of births in a housed captive population in Queensland similarly showed a stronger association of numbers of births to rate of change of minimum temperature than to any other environmental variable examined.

Models of the distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals in the eucalypt forests of north-eastern New South Wales in relation to environmental variables

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Catling ◽  
R. J. Burt ◽  
R. I. Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
A Site

Statistical models are presented of the distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals in eucalypt forests in relation to environmental variables within an area of approximately 24 000 km2 in north-eastern New South Wales. Environmental variables are defined as climatic or topographic variables that may be useful to map the distribution of fauna. The environmental variables examined were season, temperature, rainfall, elevation, lithology, steepness of slope, position on slope, aspect and landform profile. The probability of recording some species was higher in spring than autumn and many species were in highest abundance in areas of low temperature (high elevation). Although aspect was a significant variable in a number of models, no species was absent from any aspect category. Mid-slopes down to and including creeks and drainage lines were particularly important for many species, as were areas with flatter terrain. Although we have modelled environmental variables only there will no doubt be longer-term interactions between habitat and environmental variables. Fundamentally, environmental variables will determine the type of habitat present at a site, and the distribution of canopy communities, at least, can be predicted from environmental variables. However, other studies have shown for ground-dwelling mammals that environmental variables contribute little and it is the state of the habitat locally, and particularly the understorey, that determines their presence and abundance at a site. The results are discussed in relation to similar models using habitat variables and in relation to the use of such models in the management of ground-dwelling fauna in forests.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 6. Apricot

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece ◽  
Bvan den Ende
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the nutrient-element composition of leaves of 'Trevatt' apricot were measured monthly during the 1971-72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. The rate of change of leaf composition was least during January-February. Thus, leaf composition standards should be based on January- February samples and diagnostic sampling should be confined to this period where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition of early or late samples back to January 31 levels, were calculated from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data. A survey of the leaf composition of well-managed 'Trevatt' apricot orchards was conducted each January from 1971 to 1973 in New South Wales and Victoria. Percentages of orchards classified as low to deficient (-), and high to excess (+) for various nutrients were as follows : New South Wales (averages of 1971 to 1973) N -41 ; P +37; K +49; Mg +56; Fe +1 9 ; Zn -18. Victoria (averages of 1972 and 1973) N -21 and +32; K +10; Fe -35; Mn +17; Zn -20.

Small-scale patterns of distribution and size-structure of the intertidal littorinid Littorina unifasciata (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
New South ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Patterns Of Distribution ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Potential Factors

Within-shore and among-shore patterns of distribution, abundance and size structure of Littorina unifasciata Gray were identified on a number of shores in New South Wales. There was significant patchiness in distribution, abundance and size of L. unifasciata among patches of shore only a few metres apart, at different heights on the shore and from shore to shore. On a particular shore, the sizes of snails were strongly correlated with densities. In contrast, differences in densities at different heights from one shore to another were not correlated with mean size of snails. Density and size were each strongly correlated with the height on the shore at which snails were found. At any one height, differences in densities and size were also correlated with the distribution of particular microhabitat variables, such as the slope of the rock surface, the presence of pits and shallow pools and the presence of barnacles. Densities were also negatively correlated with densities of the large microalgae-grazing limpet Cellana tramoserica but were independent of other littorinids. A number of alternative models have been proposed to account for these patterns of distribution, abundance and size. Although processes that might account for these patterns were not investigated here, quantification of such patterns at a number of spatial scales is necessary before potential factors that might affect small-scale spatial variation in densities and sizes of L. unifasciata can be identified and investigated.

Effects of variable-intensity logging and the influence of habitat variables on the distribution of the Greater Glider Petauroides volans in montane forest, southeastern New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney P. Kavanagh ◽  
Rodney P. Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Populations of arboreal marsupials were assessed in forests before and after logging at different levels of logging intensity to determine the sensitivity of these species to habitat disturbance. The logging treatments imposed were unlogged controls and two intensities of integrated logging for sawlogs and woodchips. The mean basal area of trees retained in logged blocks ranged from 83% to 35% of pre-logging levels. The objective of the study was to develop better methods for managing arboreal marsupials within the wood production forests of southeastern New South Wales. Seven species of arboreal marsupials were recorded during the study, but the Greater Glider Petauroides volans was the only species recorded in sufficient numbers for analysis (86% of all records). No significant differences were observed between the treatments in counts of the Greater Glider before and after logging. However, given the observed trend and an a priori expectation of a decline in numbers of this species following intensive logging, a one-tailed statistical test was applied which resulted in a significant difference at P = 0.08 for the contrast between the unlogged controls and the most intensively logged treatment. The existence of a threshold in logging intensity within the range of 21 % to 39% retention of tree basal area, below which numbers of the Greater Glider suffer a marked decline, was inferred on the basis of comparisons with the results of other studies. Factors other than logging were important in determining the distribution of the Greater Glider. Elevation, in particular, was a significant environmental variable, with Greater Gliders more likely to occur in forests above 845 m a.s.1. The presence and absence of particular tree species also influenced the distribution of the Greater Glider. Forests containing Manna Gum E. viminalis and Mountain Gum E. dalrympleana were highly preferred compared to forests with a high proportion of E. obliqua. The presence of E. cypellocarpa appeared to improve the quality of habitat for the Greater Glider in forests dominated by E. obliqua. This study has shown that Greater Glider populations can be maintained at or near pre-logging levels when at least 40% of the original tree basal area is retained thoughout logged areas and when the usual practice of retaining unlogged forest in riparian strips is applied.

Use of bioclimatic analysis to direct survey effort for the long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes), a rare forest-dwelling rat-kangaroo

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Claridge
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
New Records ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Survey Effort

The long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) is one of the rarest and most elusive forest-dwelling mammals in Australia. Survey effort for the species over the past decade or so in south-eastern New South Wales has been driven, primarily, by predictions derived from climatic analyses using BIOCLIM. These predictions were based on known locality records of the long-footed potoroo from adjacent East Gippsland, Victoria. While they have proven useful in confirming the occurrence of the species in New South Wales, recent fortuitous records of the species from north-eastern Victoria fall well outside of the range predicted earlier by BIOCLIM. Using these new records a revised predicted range is calculated, enlarging considerably the potential geographic extent of climatically suitable habitat for the species. The results presented here highlight the limitations of BIOCLIM when given locality records of a species from only a portion of its true geographic range. I argue that less emphasis might be based on this approach to direct survey effort for the species in the future. Instead, a range of other environmental variables might be used in combination with BIOCLIM-derived outputs when selecting survey sites. In this way a more representative picture of the distribution of the species may be obtained.

Habitat Selection by Sex, Age and Reproductive Class in the Red Kangaroo, Macropus rufus, in Western New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
CN Johnson ◽  
PG Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Lactating Females

The kangaroo populations of Kinchega National Park respond differently to shifts in pasture productivity, red kangaroos Macropus rufus being mobile and unevenly distributed with respect to soil and vegetation types, by comparison with the more evenly dispersed western grey kangaroos M. fuliginosus and the sedentary and localized euros M, robustus erubescens. Red kangaroo population classes tend to be differentially distributed, so that large males and heavily lactating females predominate on the seasonally preferred pastures, while other classes tend to predominate elsewhere. This finding has several implications for the management of red kangaroos and for our understanding of their resource ecology and mating systems.

scholarly journals Drought, Wellbeing and Adaptive Capacity: Why Do Some People Stay Well?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7214
Author(s):  
Emma K. Austin ◽  
Tonelle Handley ◽  
Anthony S. Kiem ◽  
Jane L. Rich ◽  
David Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New South ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Relationship

Drought is a threat to public health. Individual and community adaptive capacity is crucial when responding to the impacts of drought. Gaps remain in the understandings of the relationship between wellbeing and adaptive capacity, and whether increased wellbeing can lead to improved adaptive capacity (or vice versa). This paper explores the relationship between drought, wellbeing and adaptive capacity to provide insights that will inform actions to enhance adaptive capacity, and hence increase opportunities for effective drought adaptation. The theory of salutogenesis and the associated sense of coherence (SOC) are used to measure adaptive capacity and to explain why some individuals remain well and adapt to adversity while others do not. An online survey of rural residents (n = 163) in drought-affected New South Wales (NSW), Australia, was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019. Linear regression was used to model the relationships between SOC, sociodemographic factors, drought and wellbeing. Findings demonstrate that SOC is strongly correlated with wellbeing. Drought condition did not influence adaptive capacity, although adaptive capacity and drought-related stress were only weakly correlated. Increased wellbeing was found to be associated with stronger adaptive capacity and therefore, an individuals’ capacity to cope with adversity, such as drought.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 2. Seasonal changes in the leaf composition of peach

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
New South ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Composition

Changes in the nutrient-element composition of leaves of peach cvs. Golden Queen, Gaum6, and Halehaven were measured monthly during the 1971 -72 and 1972-73 seasons in New South Wales. For all cultivars, the rate of change of leaf composition was least during January and February. Thus leaf composition standards should be based on January-February samples and diagnostic sampling should be confined to this period where possible. Correction factors for adjusting the composition November, December and March samples back to January 31 levels were calculated from polynomials with time fitted to the leaf composition data.

Aspects of Lactation in the Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), in Waters of Eastern New South Wales.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Grant ◽  
M Griffiths ◽  
RMC Leckie
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Young Leave ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Female platypuses captured in waters of eastern New South Wales were found to be lactating between the months of October and March. Lactating females were most numerous in December, accounting for 64% of females captured. Non-lactating females were taken in all months, indicating that not all females breed successfully every year. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid complement of milk taken from a platypus lactating very late in the season and those of others sampled in December at the peak of the lactation season. Some evidence exists that females do not become reproductive until at least their second year of life. Some females were found lactating in consecutive years, and others lactated one year and not in the one following. Animals of over 9 years of age are known to breed. Most juveniles were captured in February, March and April, and it is suggested that the young leave the breeding burrows for the first time in late January through to March, and become independent from their mothers, who are ceasing lactation at that time.

Variation in Australian and European collections of Trifolium glomeratum L. and the provisional distribution of the species in southern Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Woodward ◽  
FHW Morley
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flower Growth

Seventy-four lines of Trifolium glomeratum L. from a wide range of Australian and European environments were grown in a glasshouse at Canberra. Time to flower, growth habit, leaf markings, stipule colour, floret colour and dry matter production varied among collections, and within some lines. Numbers of flowers per plant, leaf: stem ratio, and dry matter yields were correlated with days to flower. The variation within the European collection was similar to that within the Australian collection. Time of flowering has probably been important in natural selection in this species, since the date of flowering at Canberra was strongly correlated with date of the end of the growing season (defined by effective rainfall) at the collection site of each ecotype. A survey during 1970 through New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia showed the western limit of spread of T. glomeratum to be through Garah, Burren Junction, Coonamble, Euabalong,Booligal, Moulamein, Beulah, Lake Hindmarsh, Mannum and Jamestown. Extrapolation of climatic restrictions to Western Australia indicated that the species could exist west of Lake Biddy, and possibly north and east to Geraldton and Esperance. The distribution appears to be controlled by the shortest length of growing season in which the species can germinate, grow, and set viable seed.

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