scholarly journals The 2018 reawakening and eruption dynamics of Steamboat Geyser, the world’s tallest active geyser

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. e2020943118
Author(s):  
Mara H. Reed ◽  
Carolina Munoz-Saez ◽  
Sahand Hajimirza ◽  
Sin-Mei Wu ◽  
Anna Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Regional Seismicity ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Seismic Moment Release ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Mass Discharge

Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park’s Norris Geyser Basin began a prolific sequence of eruptions in March 2018 after 34 y of sporadic activity. We analyze a wide range of datasets to explore triggering mechanisms for Steamboat’s reactivation and controls on eruption intervals and height. Prior to Steamboat’s renewed activity, Norris Geyser Basin experienced uplift, a slight increase in radiant temperature, and increased regional seismicity, which may indicate that magmatic processes promoted reactivation. However, because the geothermal reservoir temperature did not change, no other dormant geysers became active, and previous periods with greater seismic moment release did not reawaken Steamboat, the reason for reactivation remains ambiguous. Eruption intervals since 2018 (3.16 to 35.45 d) modulate seasonally, with shorter intervals in the summer. Abnormally long intervals coincide with weakening of a shallow seismic source in the geyser basin’s hydrothermal system. We find no relation between interval and erupted volume, implying unsteady heat and mass discharge. Finally, using data from geysers worldwide, we find a correlation between eruption height and inferred depth to the shallow reservoir supplying water to eruptions. Steamboat is taller because water is stored deeper there than at other geysers, and, hence, more energy is available to power the eruptions.

scholarly journals Risk factors for severity on admission and the disease progression during hospitalisation in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047007
Author(s):  
Mari Terada ◽  
Hiroshi Ohtsu ◽  
Sho Saito ◽  
Kayoko Hayakawa ◽  
Shinya Tsuzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

ObjectivesTo investigate the risk factors contributing to severity on admission. Additionally, risk factors of worst severity and fatality were studied. Moreover, factors were compared based on three points: early severity, worst severity and fatality.DesignAn observational cohort study using data entered in a Japan nationwide COVID-19 inpatient registry, COVIREGI-JP.SettingAs of 28 September 2020, 10480 cases from 802 facilities have been registered. Participating facilities cover a wide range of hospitals where patients with COVID-19 are admitted in Japan.ParticipantsParticipants who had a positive test result on any applicable SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests were admitted to participating healthcare facilities. A total of 3829 cases were identified from 16 January to 31 May 2020, of which 3376 cases were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was severe or nonsevere on admission, determined by the requirement of mechanical ventilation or oxygen therapy, SpO2 or respiratory rate. Secondary outcome was the worst severity during hospitalisation, judged by the requirement of oxygen and/orinvasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.ResultsRisk factors for severity on admission were older age, men, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Cerebrovascular disease, liver disease, renal disease or dialysis, solid tumour and hyperlipidaemia did not influence severity on admission; however, it influenced worst severity. Fatality rates for obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were relatively lower.ConclusionsThis study segregated the comorbidities influencing severity and death. It is possible that risk factors for severity on admission, worst severity and fatality are not consistent and may be propelled by different factors. Specifically, while hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and obesity had major effect on worst severity, their impact was mild on fatality in the Japanese population. Some studies contradict our results; therefore, detailed analyses, considering in-hospital treatments, are needed for validation.Trial registration numberUMIN000039873. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045453

scholarly journals Digital Curation for Science, Digital Libraries, and Individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Beagrie
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Digital Curation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intellectual Assets ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Traditional Roles ◽  
Significant Effort ◽  
Digital Assets

The creation, management and use of digital materials are of increasing importance for a wide range of activities. Much of the knowledge base and intellectual assets of institutions and individuals are now in digital form. The term digital curation is increasingly being used for the actions needed to add value to and maintain these digital assets over time for current and future generations of users. The paper explores this emerging field of digital curation as an area of inter-disciplinary research and practice, and the trends which are influencing its development. It analyses the genesis of the term and how traditional roles relating to digital assets are in transition. Finally it explores some of the drivers for curation ranging from trends such as exponential growth in digital information, to "life-caching", digital preservation, the Grid and new opportunities for publishing, sharing, and re-using data. It concludes that significant effort needs to be put into developing a persistent information infrastructure for digital materials and into developing the digital curation skills of researchers and information professionals. Without this, current investment in digitisation and digital content will only secure short-term rather than lasting benefits.

scholarly journals Niche differentiation and regeneration in the seasonally flooded Melaleuca forests of northern Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Franklin ◽  
Peter S. Brocklehurst ◽  
Dominique Lynch ◽  
David M. J. S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Burnt Areas

Gallery and floodplain forests in monsoonal northern Australia are mostly sclerophyllous and dominated by five closely related species of Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) amongst which niche differentiation is unclear. We present a floristic and environmental analysis of ‘the flooded forest’ using data from 340 plots distributed across 450 000 km2 of the Top End of the Northern Territory. Melaleuca argentea was confined to streams and occurred on sandier substrates, whereas M. cajuputi mostly occurred in the near-coastal lowlands on clay soils. The greater basal area of M. cajuputi suggests an association with productive sites. Melaleuca dealbata, M. viridiflora and M. leucadendra occurred on a wide range of soils. More deeply floodprone sites were occupied by M. argentea and M. leucadendra along streams and by M. leucadendra and M. cajuputi on floodplains and in swamps. A general deficiency but occasional abundance of Melaleuca seedlings suggests that regeneration is episodic. Seedlings were more frequent in recently burnt areas and especially where fires had been severe. We propose that Melaleuca forests occur where disturbance by fire and/or floodwater is too great for rain forest to persist, rendering them the wetland analogue to the eucalypts that dominate well-drained portions of the north Australian environment.

U.S. Political Corruption and Audit Fees

2020 ◽  
pp. 0000-0000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Jha ◽  
Manoj Kulchania ◽  
Jared Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

Using data on corruption convictions from the U.S. Department of Justice, we find that auditors charge higher fees when a firm is headquartered in a more corrupt district. This result is robust to a wide range of time and location fixed effects, using capital city isolation as an instrument, and propensity score matching. We also find that, relative to those in non-corrupt districts, firms in corrupt districts are more likely to have weak internal controls and to restate earnings and that their auditors exert greater effort. This evidence suggests that auditing firms in corrupt areas entails additional risk, which auditors price into fees.

scholarly journals Do Different Methods Yield Equivalent Estimations of Brain Size in Birds?

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Diego Ocampo ◽  
César Sánchez ◽  
Gilbert Barrantes
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Brain Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Relative Brain Size ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Endocranial Volume ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Size Estimates

The ratio of brain size to body size (relative brain size) is often used as a measure of relative investment in the brain in ecological and evolutionary studies on a wide range of animal groups. In birds, a variety of methods have been used to measure the brain size part of this ratio, including endocranial volume, fixed brain mass, and fresh brain mass. It is still unclear, however, whether these methods yield the same results. Using data obtained from fresh corpses and from published sources, this study shows that endocranial volume, mass of fixed brain tissue, and fresh mass provide equivalent estimations of brain size for 48 bird families, in 19 orders. We found, however, that the various methods yield significantly different brain size estimates for hummingbirds (Trochilidae). For hummingbirds, fixed brain mass tends to underestimate brain size due to reduced tissue density, whereas endocranial volume overestimates brain size because it includes a larger volume than that occupied by the brain.

Experimental investigation of the instability of a sedimenting suspension of fibres

2007 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 307-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
BLOEN METZGER ◽  
JASON E. BUTLER ◽  
ÉLISABETH GUAZZELLI
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Component ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Horizontal Wavelength ◽  
Short Times

Observations of the flow structures formed by rigid fibres of high aspect ratio sedimenting within a viscous fluid at a Reynolds number of approximately 10−4 confirm the existence of an instability as reported in previous theories, experiments, and numerical simulations. Using data generated from particle image velocimetry measurements, we quantify the sedimentation structures over a wide range of parameters, which include the height of fluid, cross-section of the sedimentation cell, fibre dimensions, fluid properties, and volume fractions ranging from dilute to semi-dilute. Alternating structures of streamers and backflow regions which span the height of the sedimentation cell form at short times and transition from large wavelengths to smaller wavelength as the sedimentation proceeds. No simple dependence of the horizontal wavelength on the length scales and concentration was observed in the experiments, suggesting the need for additional analysis. We also report the mean velocities and velocity fluctuations; the strength of the velocity fluctuations strongly correlates with the size of the vertical component of the sedimentation structure. Measurements of the orientation distribution, using an efficient and newly employed technique, agree with previously published results. A movie is available with the online version of the paper.

Effects of mothers' education on parenting: an investigation across three generations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Duckworth ◽  
Ricardo Sabates
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The paper investigates the relationship between mother's education and her parenting using data from the child supplement of the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS). By considering data across generations, our dataset allows us to estimate the size of the bias in the relationship between education and parenting from failing to account for background characteristics, early cognitive development and mother's own parenting experiences. The subjects were 1,182 longitudinally sampled mothers of 1,879 children aged between 3 and 18 years old and divided approximately equally across gender (51% sons, 49% daughters). Controlling for a wide range of family background variables and mother's own achievement prior to 16, results indicate a confounding bias of 73% for cognitive stimulation and 89% for emotional support. This confounding bias is larger for daughters than for sons. Even after the inclusion of a large set of controls, a small effect of maternal education on parenting, assessed in terms of the provision of a cognitively stimulating environment, remains statistically significant but only for sons. Although educational effects estimated here suffer from downwards bias owing to under-representation of older mothers within the data, some unobserved factors could remain as a source of bias.

A minimalist macroparasite diversity in the round goby of the Upper Rhine reduced to an exotic acanthocephalan lineage

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendoline M. David ◽  
Cybill Staentzel ◽  
Olivier Schlumberger ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Perrot-Minnot ◽  
Jean-Nicolas Beisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Round Goby ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Upper Rhine ◽  
Invasion Corridor

AbstractThe round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, is a Ponto-Caspian fish considered as an invasive species in a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. To understand the role that parasites may play in its successful invasion across Western Europe, we investigated the parasitic diversity of the round goby along its invasion corridor, from the Danube to the Upper Rhine rivers, using data from literature and a molecular barcoding approach, respectively. Among 1666 parasites extracted from 179 gobies of the Upper Rhine, all of the 248 parasites barcoded on the c oxidase subunit I gene were identified as Pomphorhynchus laevis. This lack of macroparasite diversity was interpreted as a loss of parasites along its invasion corridor without spillback compensation. The genetic diversity of P. laevis was represented by 33 haplotypes corresponding to a haplotype diversity of 0·65 ± 0·032, but a weak nucleotide diversity of 0·0018 ± 0·00015. Eight of these haplotypes were found in 88·4% of the 248 parasites. These haplotypes belong to a single lineage so far restricted to the Danube, Vistula and Volga rivers (Eastern Europe). This result underlines the exotic status of this Ponto-Caspian lineage in the Upper Rhine, putatively disseminated by the round goby along its invasion corridor.

scholarly journals Performance of WVSS-II hygrometers on the FAAM research aircraft

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1617-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Vance ◽  
S. J. Abel ◽  
R. J. Cotton ◽  
A. M. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. We compare the performance of five hygrometers fitted to the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement's (FAAM) BAe 146-301 research aircraft using data from approximately 100 flights executed over the course of 2 years under a wide range of conditions. Bulk comparison of cloud free data show good agreement between chilled mirror hygrometers and a WVSS-II fed from a modified Rosemount inlet, but that a WVSS-II fed from the standard flush inlet appears to over-read compared to the other instruments, except at higher humidities. Statistical assessment of hygrometer performance in cloudy conditions is problematic due to the variable nature of clouds, so a number of case studies are used instead to investigate the performance of the hygrometers in sub-optimal conditions. It is found that the flush inlet is not susceptible to either liquid or solid water but that the Rosemount inlet has a significant susceptibility to liquid water and may also be susceptible to ice. In all conditions the WVSS-II responds much more rapidly than the chilled mirror devices, with the flush inlet-fed WVSS-II being more rapid than that connected to the Rosemount.

scholarly journals Social Isolation and Loneliness in Old Age: Review and Model Refinement

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Clare Wenger ◽  
Richard Davies ◽  
Said Shahtahmasebi ◽  
Anne Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Model Refinement ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Network Type

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the empirical literature on social isolation and loneliness and identifies a wide range of published correlates. Using data from a study conducted in North Wales, which included many of the same correlated variables, a statistical modelling technique is used to refine models of isolation and loneliness by controlling for co-variance. The resulting models indicate that the critical factors for isolation are: marital status, network type and social class; and, for loneliness: network type, household composition and health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document