Relative frequency and the holistic processing of morphology

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Heffernan ◽  
Yo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
Irregular Form ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
High Relative Frequency

Abstract This study presents apparent-time changes in the morphology of the expression mitai-na ‘similar to’. Based on apparent-time data, we argue that the morphological boundary between mitai and the attributive morpheme -na in the phrase mitai-na has disappeared, and that this complex phrase is now processed as a monomorphemic form. We suggest that relative frequency is the key to understanding the results. We further supplement our argument with data on the standardization of the adverbial adjective form in the Kansai dialect. Young speakers overwhelmingly use the standard form of adverbials for all adjectives except two: yō ‘a lot, well’ and hayō ‘quickly, early’ (instead of Standard Japanese yoku and hayaku). The three linguistic forms that display unusual behavior (mitai-na and the adverbial forms of yō and hayō) all have a high relative frequency. We conclude that when a complex form occurs more frequently than its components (high relative frequency), then it behaves as a monomorphemic unit. The irregular adverbial forms are leftover from an obsolete system, in the same way that many English irregular past forms are leftover from the Germanic strong verb system. In contrast, the irregular form mitai-na emerged from and competes with the regular inflection paradigm for mitai, illustrating a previously undocumented path for the diachronic emergence of irregular morphology.

scholarly journals High relative frequency of SCA1 in Poland reflecting a potential founder effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1319-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Krysa ◽  
Anna Sulek ◽  
Maria Rakowicz ◽  
Walentyna Szirkowiec ◽  
Jacek Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Founder Effect ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
High Relative Frequency

scholarly journals Flood Detection and Water Monitoring System Using IOT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 25113-25115
Author(s):  
Minakshi Roy ◽  
Prakar Pradhan ◽  
Jesson George ◽  
Nikhil Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Flood Detection ◽  
Time Changes

Since we are now currently present in an era of Computing Technology, it is essential for everyone and everything to be connected to the internet. IOT is a technology that brings us more and more close to this goal. Our project comprises of a smart water monitoring system which is a small prototype for flood detection and avoidance system. This paper explains the working and the workflow of all the components present inside our project. The sensors sense the environment and sends real-time data to the cloud (firebase cloud) and users can view and access this data via their mobile platform. The model gives a warning after the water level rises to a particular height. Since it is a small scaled prototype for flood detection and avoidance system, the working of this model is good. The data are uploaded and changed in the cloud in precision to the sensor and real-time changes in the mobile application is achieved. This model can be used to greatly reduce the casualties in a devastating event of flood.

I was sat there talking all night: a corpus-based study on factors governing intra-dialectal variation in British English

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRIKE STANGE
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Dialectal Variation ◽  
British English ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Empirical Analyses

When it comes to intra-dialectal variation, the factors governing the choice between functionally equivalent variants still require an exhaustive analysis. The construction be sat/be stood with progressive meaning alternates with the standard form be sitting/be standing in a number of British English dialects. The present article investigates to what extent the Complexity Principle (see Rohdenburg 1996) and horror aequi (see Rohdenburg 2003) influence the choice between so-called pseudo-passive and progressive constructions. Empirical analyses of spoken data in the British National Corpus reveal that this variation phenomenon is common in dialects of Northern and Southwest England, and to a lesser degree in the Midlands and in London. Moreover, we find considerable differences in the distribution of these pseudo-passives regarding their relative frequency and the number of dialects that make use of them. Drawing on a total of 106 occurrences for the construction be stood vs be standing and 366 for be sat vs be sitting, the article evaluates how far the principles above can be considered as statistically significant determinants of intra-dialectal variation. To this end, it will be essential to test for other factors potentially influencing the choice of dialectal variants, such as age and gender.

scholarly journals The archbishop’s dinner? Late medieval fish from Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya, Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
László Bartosiewicz ◽  
Erika Gál
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
High Status ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Carp Fish ◽  
High Relative Frequency

AbstractFourteenth–fifteenth century food refuse from the kitchen of the Esztergom archbishopric shows a significant diachronic increase in cyprinid bones, in particular those of carp. Meanwhile, contributions by large acipenserids and carnivorous species (catfish/wels, pike, percids) declined. Contemporaneous account books indirectly suggest that the archbishop’s kitchen must have increasingly relied on farmed carp fish. Sturgeons were a commodity sold by the archbishopric but rarely consumed. Expensive pikes were bought at low prices for the archbishop, possibly related to the small size of individuals found in the deposits. The poor representation of high-status fish is consonant with the scarcity of bones from large game in an assemblage dominated by domesticates. Wild game is represented by brown hare, partridge, and a variety of thrushes. These finds confirm that the foodways in the archbishop’s palace were more modest than expected on the basis of its social status. Increasing contributions by cyprinids and sterlet to the assemblage also coincide with the high relative frequency of their recipes in a sixteenth century cookbook.

Identifying term candidates through adjective–noun constructions in English

Terminology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Categorization ◽  
High Relative Frequency

This paper evaluates the possibilities of recognizing term candidates through their formal and semantic characteristics. From a cognitive-linguistic stance, the semantic motivation of the word-formation patterns of collocations and compounds in domain-specific texts is assumed to promote their termhood. The semantic motivation to integrate into a multi-word unit is assumed to originate in the generally agreed on generic reference of the modifying constituent. This hypothesis is investigated empirically in a corpus-linguistic experiment. Term candidates instantiating different derivational patterns of adjective–noun constructions have been manually sorted by experts into approved and non-approved terms. Our subsequent linguistic categorization into the morpho-semantic constructions instantiated by the term candidates could be verified quantitatively in terms of relative frequencies. These frequencies clearly divide the term candidates into instances of term-promoting and term-impeding constructions. Obviously, the experts have approved the terms of those constructions which come up with a high relative frequency in the corpus.

High relative frequency of thyroid papillary carcinoma in northern portugal

Cancer ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1754-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Sambade ◽  
Vicente S. Goncalves ◽  
Manuel Dias ◽  
Manuel A. Sobrinho-Simòes
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Thyroid Papillary ◽  
High Relative Frequency

Morphological relative frequency impedes the use of stylistic variants

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Heffernan ◽  
Yusuke Hiratuka
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
English Word ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
High Relative Frequency

Abstract The sociolinguistic enterprise has demonstrated that speakers manipulate linguistic variants as they construct their speech style. Contrary to this expectation, this study introduces specific cases in which stylistic variation is highly constrained. We examine the verbal negative suffix in Kansai vernacular Japanese. We first demonstrate that this variable indexes speech style. We then show that in a few specific contexts, such as following the verb stem shir- ‘know’, speakers overwhelmingly use a single variant, in this case, shira-n ‘not know’. We point out that the unusual forms such as shira-n all have a high relative frequency compared to the other forms in their paradigms. Complex forms such as the English word insane, which occur more frequently than their parts (in+sane), are difficult to decompose. We claim that this phenomenon also impedes stylistic variation as forms such as shira-n are not readily decomposed into verb stem + negative suffix.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi terhadap Keragaman Jenis Plasma Nutfah Perairan

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Reny Sawitri ◽  
Sofian Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Type Condition ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging ◽  
High Relative Frequency

<p>Management of forest production by application of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) created crown opening by 13.3%, which was smaller compared with Conventional Logging (CNV) that caused crown opening by19.2%, and provided significant influence to water biodiversity. Availability of nutrient and essential minerals was better in RIL that was supported by high soluble residual or 95% higher and low velocity of river flow or 50% of surrounding CNV water. This physical condition showed significant difference to N and P ratio (N/P ratio) in RIL and CNV or 77.5 and 51.3. These values showed high content of nitrate of the water and it was in oligotropic type condition. Diversity Index of plankton in RIL was 1.754 and in CNV was 1.682 with each population density was 12,916 and 7,222 individuals/liter. The number of plankton had possitive correlation with N/P ratio (r = 0.9). In water catchment study area, there were found 28 fish species belonged to 20 genera and 8 families. The dominance families were Cyprinidae 57.14%, Bagridae 17.14%, and Anguillidae 7.14%. Most endemic fish species of Borneo were also found in both RIL and CNV water, however species with high relative frequency and density were found higher in RIL water.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pengelolaan hutan produksi dengan model penebangan Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) membuat pembukaan tajuk seluas 13,3% yang relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan penebangan konvensional (CNV) dengan pembukaan tajuk seluas 19,2%, memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap keanekaragaman hayati perairan. Ketersediaan nutrisi dan hara penting yang lebih baik di perairan kawasan RIL ditunjang oleh tingginya residu terlarut 95% dan rendahnya kecepatan aliran air sungai 50% dari perairan sekitar CNV. Kondisi fisik perairan yang demikian menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap perbandingan nitrat dan fosfat (N/P rasio) di RIL dan CNV, yaitu 77,5 dan 51,3. Nilai ini menunjukkan kadar nitrat perairan yang tinggi, dan perairan berada dalam tipe oligotropic. Indeks keragaman jenis plankton di RIL 1,754 dan di CNV 1,682 dengan populasi masing-masing 12.916 individu/liter dan 7.222 individu/ liter. Jumlah plankton ini berkorelasi positif dengan N/P rasio (r = 0,9). Di perairan sekitar DAS areal penelitian terdapat 28 jenis ikan tergolong kedalam 20 genera dan 8 famili. Famili dominan adalah Cyprinidae 57,14%, Bagridae 17,14%, dan Anguillidae 7,14%. Sebagian besar ikan jenis endemik Kalimantan terdapat pula di kedua perairan RIL dan CNV, tetapi jenis yang mempunyai kerapatan dan frekuensi relatif tinggi ditemukan lebih banyak di perairan RIL.</p>

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