Skopos translation theory, text-types, and the African postcolonial text in intercultural postcolonial communication

Babel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph N. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Skopos Theory ◽  
Text Types ◽  
And Function ◽  
Communicative Exchange ◽  
Single Statement

The Postcolonial text is a political and ideological text that is differentiable in translation. This is because of its location in the dialogic and discursive communicative exchange between former coloniser and former colonised cultures and societies. This communicative exchange takes place in the situation and condition of asymmetrical relations and relations of inequality and involves the contestation of histories, cultures, meanings, identities and representations. The functionality of the postcolonial text with its message is fixated on this dialogue and discourse; and each postcolonial text is a single statement directly and specifically responding to this dialogue and discourse in some way. This paper examines the African postcolonial text* and its communicative location in the light of postcolonial theory and the possibility offered by the skopos functional theory in translation to set aside the purpose and function of the source text intended by the author. Using Chinua Achebe’s texts, It would conclude that the mediatory role of the translator in the dialogic and discursive exchange between former coloniser and former colonised cultures and societies need not become interference in the application of the skopos theory.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR DRAMATIK PERTUNJUKAN DRAMA KLASIK SANGGAR TEATER MINI LAKON DEWA RUCI KAJIAN BENTUK DAN FUNGSI

WIDYANATYA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
I Made Rudita ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Wiwin Astari
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Classical Drama ◽  
Dramatic Structure ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
And Function

ABSTRAK   Pada dasarnya nilai pendidikan karakter mempunyai tiga bagian yang saling bekaitan, yaitu pengetahuan moral, penghayatan moral dan perilaku moral. Oleh karena itu seseorang dengan karakter yang baik, mengetahui, menginginkan, dan melakukan yang baik. Ketiganya merupakan syarat untuk menuntun hidup yang bermoral dan membangun kematangan moral. Dalam melakukan pendidikan karakter tidak harus dengan menambah program tersendiri, melainkan bisa melalui transformasi budaya, salah satunya nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter bisa disampaikan melalui seni pertunjukan drama, khususnya pertunjukan drama klasik. Untuk menjawab masalah di atas, dalam hal mengetahui nilai  pendidikan karakter melalui transformasi budaya Bali berupa pertunjukan drama klasik Sanggar Teater Mini, perlu dibuat suatu penelitian mengenai nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pertunjukan drama klasik Sanggar Teater  Mini dengan lakon Dewa Ruci. Penelitian ini berjudul “Struktur Dramatik  Pada Pertunjukan Drama Klasik Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci”.Kajian  (Bentuk dan Fungsi)” adalah hasil studi yang mendalam struktur dramatik pada pertunjukan drama klasik. Penelitian ini mengangkat dua pokok masalah yaitu : 1) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bentuk struktur dramatik pertunjukan drama klasik Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci ;  2) untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis fungsi pertunjukan drama klasik Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci. Secara umum, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan peranan penting dari nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pertunjukan pertunjukan drama klasik Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci . Secara khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk struktur dramatik dan fungsi pertunjukan drama klasik Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan dua teori : teori estetika dan teori fungsional struktural. Metode-metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan kepustakaan.Seluruh data diolah menggunakan tehnik deskriptif interpretatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut ; Bentuk struktur dramatik pertunjukan drama klasik Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci  adalah sebagai berikut   : (1) tema, (2) alur,  (3) latar, (4) penokohan, (5) insiden dan (6) amanat. Sedangkan fungsi drama klasik Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci  adalah sebagai  berikut : (1) fungsi ekonomi,   (2) fungsi hiburan, (3) fungsi promosi  dan (4) fungsi komunikasi.  ABSTRACT Basically, the value of character education has three interrelated parts, namely moral knowledge, moral appreciation and moral behavior. Therefore someone with good character, knows, wants, and does good. All three are conditions for guiding a moral life and building moral maturity. In doing character education does not have to add a separate program, but it can be through cultural transformation, one of which is the values ​​of character education can be conveyed through drama performing arts, especially classical drama performances. To answer the above problem, in terms of knowing the value of character education through the transformation of Balinese culture in the form of a classic Mini Theater studio performance, it is necessary to make a study of the value of character education in the performance of the Sanggar Teater Mini classic drama with Dewa Ruci play. This research entitled "Dramatic Structure of the Classical Drama Performance of Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci". Studies (Forms and Functions) "are the results of an in-depth study of the dramatic structure of classical drama performances. This research raises two main issues, namely: 1) to find out and analyze the dramatic structural forms of the Sanggar Teater Mini classical drama performance Dewa Ruci play; 2) to find out and analyze the function of the Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci performance. In general, this study aims to find out the existence and important role of character education values ​​in the performance of the classic Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci performance. Specifically, this study aims to explain the dramatic structure and function of the classical drama performances of Sanggar Teater Mini Dewa Ruci play. This research was designed as qualitative research using two theories: aesthetic theory and structural functional theory. Data collection methods used include observation, interviews, documentation and literature. All data are processed using interpretive descriptive techniques. The results of this study are as follows; The form of the dramatic structure of the Sanggar Teater Mini classical drama performances by Dewa Ruci are as follows: (1) theme, (2) plot, (3) background, (4) characterization, (5) incident and (6) mandate. While the function of the classical drama Sanggar Teater Mini lakon Dewa Ruci is as follows: (1) economic function, (2) entertainment function, (3) promotion function and (4) communication function.

Starting to Unask What Translatology Is About1

Target ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Skopos Theory ◽  
Reception Aesthetics

Abstract The author presents his strictly functional theory ("Skopos Theory") of translation. Acting is primarily conditioned by a "purpose" and the nature of the intended addressees. The source text wording is of secondary importance. The functional skopos model allows the translator freedom to act as an expert and gives him responsibility for his approach. Modern research in reception aesthetics, neurobiology, philosophy and other disciplines confirms the contingency and relativity of all human behaviour. The author briefly discusses several new brain theories and Dawkins' "meme" concept and some of their implications for translating.

scholarly journals TRANSLATOR’S ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION TO THE CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM

2015 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The Past ◽  
Translational Activity ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Skopos Theory ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
Communicative Role

In a globalizing competitive world, the communicative role of the translator in the tourism sector as a mediator between cultures and languages is essential with respect to the presentation of country‟s remarkable attractions and heritage. This study aims to explore in what ways the production or rewriting of the original text, based on the purpose and the function of the translational activity, enables the full appreciation of the inestimable reminiscences from the past. Turkish texts on two of the historical masterpieces in Istanbul are chosen to compare with their English versions. This analysis is carried out within the frame of Skopos theory which views translation as a cultural act to reveal behavioral patterns specific to the culture under consideration. The validity of the translator‟s decisions depend on not only whether the source content is transferred or not but also the strategy applied, i.e. the skopos of the action in relation to the expectations and needs of the assumed audience precedes the mode of the action and a redefinition of the relevance of certain source textual elements becomes necessary so as to attain a functional transfer (Vermeer 2004; Reiss & Vermeer 2014). In the analysis, it is observed that the translator remains faithful to the source text which means to place the tourist audience on the periphery; for instance, he/she would find it interesting to be informed about the architectural design of the building mentioned in the Turkish text, but he/she would be even more eager to discover the real stories and secrets hidden behind the stone walls, which may be included in the translator‟s narration. One of the aims of translating tourism texts is to represent a country‟s distinctive cultural identity that offers new traditions and opportunities, so there is a leeway for the translator to move away independently from the source text and use his craft to reconstruct a target text more appealing to the tourist.

scholarly journals جوانب نصية في دراسات الترجمة الحديثة / Textual aspects in Modern Translation Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Haji Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Traditional Language

ملخص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى عرض بعض الجوانب النصية المستقاة من لغويات النص في دراسات الترجمة الحديثة على المستويين النظري والتطبيقي. ويبدأ بتقديم أهم الأسباب والدوافع وراء تحول دراسات الترجمة الحديثة من الاعتماد على النظريات اللغوية التقليدية إلى الاعتماد على النظرية التأويلية التي تدعو إلى اعتماد النص وحدة الترجمة الأساسية، ثم ينتقل إلى الحديث عن أنماط النص في الترجمة للتأكيد على ضرورة استيعاب كمالية النص الأصلي من أجل خلق كمالية النص المترجم. وأخيراً، يقدم البحث المعايير النصية التي اعتمدها روجر بيل من أجل قياس جودة الترجمة. وجدت الدراسة أن النظرية التأويلية في دارسة الترجمة اليوم أثبتت جدارتها وتفوقها على النظريات اللغوية التقليدية، من منطلق أن الترجمة لا توجد قبل النص، وعلى هذا الأساس فإن النص في عملية الترجمة يجب أن يكون وحدة الترجمة، وليست الكلمات والجمل المنفردة، وأن نظرية الترجمة بحاجة إلى ماسة إلى النظرية التأويلية.   الكلمات المفتاحية: المدخل التأويلي- أنماط النصوص-القصد- المقبولية – البينصية.   Abstract: The paper aims to present theoretically and practically some of the textual aspects derived from text linguistics in modern translation studies. It points out the impetus that led translation studies to turn to textual unit as the focus after relying sometimes on traditional language theories. It discusses text types in translation to ensure the absorption of every aspects of the source text to produce its reflection in the target text. Another textual aspect touched by the paper is the standards of textuality which became a foundation in Bell’s assessment scheme for translation quality. The paper concludes that the hermeneutic theory had managed to gain considerably solid footing in translation studies over the traditional linguistic theories, since there will not be a translation without a text, therefore text should become the focus of translation theory no single words or phrases.   Keywords: Hermeneutic approach – Text types – Intentionality – Acceptability – Intertextuality.   Abstrak: Kajian ini menumpukan secara teoretikal dan praktikal terhadap beberapa aspek tekstual yang dirumuskan daripada bidang teks linguistik dalam kajian penterjemahan moden. Ia menjelaskan tentang sebab yang mendorong kajian penterjemahan moden untuk berpaling kepada teks sebagai unit tumpuan kajian setelah beberpa ketika memberikan perhatian kepada dapatan teori-teori bahasa tradisional. Ia membicarakan jenis-jenis teks dalam terjemahan untuk memastikan pencernaan setiap aspek tekstual teks asal untuk dilahirkan semula dalam teks sasar. Aspek tekstual lain yang dibicarakan dalam kajian ini ialah piawaian tekstual yang menjadi asas kepada skima penilaian kualiti terjemahan yang dicadangkan Bell. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa teori takwili telah diberikan tumpuan yang lebih penting dalam kajian penterjemahan daripada teori bahasa tradisional memandangkan terjemahan itu sendiri tidak akan terhasil tanpa teks. Ini memberikan satu sebab untuk memberikan keutamaan kepada teks dalam terjemahan dan bukan perkataan atau frasa.   Kata kunci: Pendekatan takwili – Jenis-jenis teks – Tujuan teks – Penerimaan teks – Hubungan antara teks.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF TEXT ANALYSIS IN TRANSLATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Seresová ◽  
Daniela Breveníková
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Text Readability ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
The University

The aim of this paper is to describe and explain the function of text analysis for understanding a source text, producing an acceptable translation and the assessment of that translation. Basic concepts (e.g. extratextual and intratextual factors, stages of the translation process, understanding of the source text, readability of the target text, and translator competences) are discussed in terms of translation theory in the theoretical part of the paper. Translator analysis of internal and external textual factors contributes to the knowledge of external and internal text factors of the source text and enables the translator to better understand the text itself, its function and aim, which the client (one who orders the translation) wishes to achieve, so that the translation fully meets the translation order. In the course of a text analysis, the translator forms an overview of the source text and acquires a clear idea of how the text should and will look. Students of the University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Applied Languages are expected to acquire knowledge and skills that would enable them to translate relevant documents from the source language to the target language, and vice versa, as well as to search, analyse, and process foreign language materials for their future employers’ needs. The final part of the paper contains an example illustrating how the training of the initial stage of text analysis should be conducted. It contains the description of the authors’ experience in translating professional German and English texts and teaching translation classes at the University of Economics in Bratislava.

scholarly journals Kritik Terjemahan: Sebuah Pengantar Pendek

Humaniora ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
M. Zafrialdi
Keyword(s):  
Translation Theory ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

Article presented the role and function of translation critics, preceded by analyzing a difference of translation results based on the men’s jobs, continued by clarifying the meaning and role of translation critics, translation analysis as one aspect in tranlation critics, and efforts to involve translation critics in education. It is concluded that translation critics is a bridge that correlate translation theory dan its practice, the importance of the critician.s attitude and his knowled in translation, the ability of a translation critician in comprehending and analysing the output of translation, and the advantage of involving translation critics in education.

scholarly journals Function + Loyalty: Theology Meets Skopos

Open Theology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Nord
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Skopos Theory ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Main Ideas

AbstractBible translation is traditionally in the hands of theologians, whose focus is on the meaning of the source text rather than on what modern readers are able to understand. This paper attempts to show where translation theory, or more specifically, the Skopos theory of translation, may help Bible translators to produce texts that “work” or “function” for the intended audience without betraying their trust that they are reading God’s word in their own language. After a brief overview of the development of Translation Studies, we shall take a quick look at some guiding principles of Bible translation, as explained in prefaces of modern versions, before presenting the main ideas of Skopos theory and illustrating them by a few examples from the New Testament. The conclusion will sum up the fundamental hypotheses of the skopos-theoretical concept “Function + Loyalty.”

Scanning electron microscopic study of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular compartmentalization in the chick embryo tendon

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Grace C.H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
And Function

The size and organization of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix is an important determinant of tissue structure and function. The synthesis and deposition of collagen involves multiple steps which begin within the cell and continue in the extracellular space. High-voltage electron microscopic studies of the chick embryo cornea and tendon suggested that the extracellular space is compartmentalized by the fibroblasts for the regulation of collagen fibril, bundle, and tissue specific macroaggregate formation. The purpose of this study is to gather direct evidence regarding the association of the fibroblast cell surface with newly formed collagen fibrils, and to define the role of the fibroblast in the control and the precise positioning of collagen fibrils, bundles, and macroaggregates during chick tendon development.

Role of the Cilia Membrane in Control of Microtubule Sliding

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Edna S. Kaneshiro
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Ciliary Reversal ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Reversal Mechanism ◽  
And Function

It is currently believed that ciliary beating results from microtubule sliding which is restricted in regions to cause bending. Cilia beat can be modified to bring about changes in beat frequency, cessation of beat and reversal in beat direction. In ciliated protozoans these modifications which determine swimming behavior have been shown to be related to intracellular (intraciliary) Ca2+ concentrations. The Ca2+ levels are in turn governed by the surface ciliary membrane which exhibits increased Ca2+ conductance (permeability) in response to depolarization. Mutants with altered behaviors have been isolated. Pawn mutants fail to exhibit reversal of the effective stroke of ciliary beat and therefore cannot swim backward. They lack the increased inward Ca2+ current in response to depolarizing stimuli. Both normal and pawn Paramecium made leaky to Ca2+ by Triton extrac¬tion of the surface membrane exhibit backward swimming only in reactivating solutions containing greater than IO-6 M Ca2+ Thus in pawns the ciliary reversal mechanism itself is left operational and only the control mechanism at the membrane is affected. The topographic location of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels has been identified as a component of the ciliary mem¬brane since the inward Ca2+ conductance response is eliminated by deciliation and the return of the response occurs during cilia regeneration. Since the ciliary membrane has been impli¬cated in the control of Ca2+ levels in the cilium and therefore is the site of at least one kind of control of microtubule sliding, we have focused our attention on understanding the structure and function of the membrane.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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