scholarly journals The EPPM put to the test

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Ooms ◽  
Carel Jansen ◽  
John Hoeks
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Fear appeals are frequently used in health communication, for example in anti-smoking campaigns. Of the different theoretical models that predict and explain how fear appeals work, the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Witte, 1992) is probably used most often. However, most propositions of the EPPM were not explicitly tested, or received mixed empirical support (Popova, 2012). To clarify the relationships between the variables of the EPPM, four of the EPPM’s propositions were tested by performing correlational and mediation analyses. The results (n = 116) show that a large part of the relationships between the concepts of the EPPM and the outcomes of fear appeals differ from what the EPPM claims: threat and intention did not prove to be related, threat did not mediate the effect of fear on intention, and fear did not prove to influence the fear control responses. The findings from this study raise questions regarding the appropriateness of the EPPM.

Promoting Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: Fear Appeals in Breastfeeding Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Carlson Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Anticipatory Guidance ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Lactation Consultants

Lactation consultants (LC) often use fear appeals when providing anticipatory guidance to mothers about breastfeeding. We mention that improper positioning or latch-on can lead to sore nipples or fissures, or that inadequate or irregular emptying can lead to plugged ducts, mastitis, or a diminished milk supply. Instead of motivating the mother to practice the recommended preventive measures, fear appeals can lead to lack of confidence and fear of failure. Instead, lactation consultants can increase the mother’s confidence in her ability to breastfeed by helping her envision success, manage self-defeating thoughts, and solve problems. This article explores how the Extended Parallel Process Model can be applied to lactation consultation to increase the probability that the lactation consultant’s message will be heeded rather than rejected.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a positively vs. negatively valenced PSA against sexually transmitted diseases – evidence from an experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-366
Author(s):  
Alexander Ort ◽  
Andreas Fahr
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Emotional Appeals

This study examines the effects of positive compared to negative appeals in persuasive health communication about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The theoretical background draws on the Extended Parallel Process Model, which is mainly used to ex- plain the processing of negative appeals (fear) in these contexts. Participants (N = 160; Mage = 22.59, SD = 2.48, 57.4% female; mainly students) took part in a one-factorial experiment by viewing an advertisement promoting the use of condoms that was emotionally framed as either humorous (positive) or threatening (negative) to induce an emotional experience of joy or fear, respectively. Emotional experiences were tested as predictors for health behavior-related outcomes by means of hierarchical regression analyses. Data pro- vides evidence for the beneficial effect of positive emotional appeals on message judgment and attitudes towards the proposed behavior. The threatening appeal reduced perceptions of efficacy and led to an increase in reactance. These findings provide further evidence for carefully using fear appeals in persuasive health communication and speak in favor of integrating positive emotional appeals in these contexts.

scholarly journals RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERINGATAN BERGAMBAR PADA KEMASAN ROKOK DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rama Nur Kurniawan. K
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model

Upaya menekan permasalahan rokok, pemerintah tak henti-hentinya turut  menanggulangi masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh perilaku merokok. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 28 Tahun 2013 yang menekankan pada pencantuman bahaya merokok dalam bentuk gambar pada semua kemasan rokok, mengacu pada sebuah teori komunikasi yang disebut sebagai teori The Extended Parallel Process Model  (EPPM) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kesan menakutkan (fear appeals).  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi respon masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan disain  grounded theory untuk  mengeksplorasi respon masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi metode, wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT).  Hasil penelitian memaparkan bahwa; 1) perasaan jijik, takut/ngeri saat melihat gambar, diperkuat dengan keyakinan terhadap kebenaran gambar akan menimbulkan respon menolak, sedangkan perasaan biasa saja yang diperkuat dengan ketidakyakinan akan menimbulkan reaksi menerima gambar,   2) Ada masa penyesuaian masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok. 3) gambar memperkuat niat non perokok untuk semakin tidak merokok, dan tidak mempengaruhi perokok untuk berhenti merokok. 4) gambar dianggap efektif sebagai media edukasi untuk non perokok.  Penelitian  menyimpulkan  bahwa: 1) tindakan masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok dipengaruhi oleh faktor perasaan dan keyakinan akan kebenaran gambar. 2) durasi masa penyesuiaan terhadap gambar berlangsung selama ± 2-3 bulan, 3) peringatan pesan bergambar belum mampu menyentuh emosi masyarakat secara kultural dan membuat perokok untuk berhenti merokok.  Kata kunci:  Pesan  peringatan,  kemasan  rokok, fear appeals, gambar, perasaan  

scholarly journals Fear Appeals, Crisis and the Apocalypse of John: Analyzing an Apocalyptic Coping Strategy with the Extended Parallel Process Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 0142064X2110277
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Divine Judgment ◽  
Fear Of God ◽  
Apocalypse Of John

This article will present and heuristically utilize the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to analyze fear appeals in the Apocalypse of John. John sought to increase the fear of God in his hearers as a means to cope with other pressing fears and motivate faithful obedience (in line with his vision of what that entails). John rhetorically utilized fear appeals to reshape his hearers’ perceptions of danger and efficacy. He sought to increase fear of one object (God) and the inescapable crisis of divine judgment in order to decrease fear of other crises (death, disease, natural disasters, war, oppressive government, poverty, low social status).

scholarly journals Psychological predictors of intention and avoidance of attending organized mammography screening in Norway: applying the Extended Parallel Process Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ivanova ◽  
Ingela Lundin Kvalem
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Response Efficacy

Abstract Background Mammography screening is the main method for early detection of breast cancer in Norway. Few studies have focused on psychological determinants of both attendance and non-attendance of publicly available mammography screening programs. The aim of the current study, guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model, was to examine how psychological factors influence defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from a community sample of women living in Norway aged ≥ 18 (N = 270), and without a history of breast cancer, was collected from September 2018 to June 2019 and used to investigate the relationships between the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) constructs and two outcomes: defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography within the next two years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses was conducted to assess the ability of the independent variables based on the EPPM to predict the two outcome variables. Significance level was chosen at p < 0.05. Results Multivariate analyses showed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening was predicted by lower perceived susceptibility to breast cancer (β =  − 0.22, p = 0.001), lower response efficacy of mammography screening (β =  − 0.33, p = 0.001), higher breast cancer fear (β = 0.15, p = 0.014), and checking breasts for lumps (β =  − 0.23, p = 0.001). Intention to attend mammography within the next two years was predicted by higher response efficacy of mammography screening (β = 0.13, p = 0.032), having a lower educational level (β =  − 0.10, p = 0.041), and regular previous mammography attendance compared to never attending (β = 0.49, p = 0.001). Conclusions The study revealed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography were not predicted by the same pattern of psychological factors. Our findings suggest future health promotion campaigns need to focus not only on the psychological factors that encourage women’s decision to attend the screening, but also to counter factors that contribute to women’s decision to avoid it.

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