scholarly journals The effectiveness of a positively vs. negatively valenced PSA against sexually transmitted diseases – evidence from an experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-366
Author(s):  
Alexander Ort ◽  
Andreas Fahr
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Emotional Appeals

This study examines the effects of positive compared to negative appeals in persuasive health communication about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The theoretical background draws on the Extended Parallel Process Model, which is mainly used to ex- plain the processing of negative appeals (fear) in these contexts. Participants (N = 160; Mage = 22.59, SD = 2.48, 57.4% female; mainly students) took part in a one-factorial experiment by viewing an advertisement promoting the use of condoms that was emotionally framed as either humorous (positive) or threatening (negative) to induce an emotional experience of joy or fear, respectively. Emotional experiences were tested as predictors for health behavior-related outcomes by means of hierarchical regression analyses. Data pro- vides evidence for the beneficial effect of positive emotional appeals on message judgment and attitudes towards the proposed behavior. The threatening appeal reduced perceptions of efficacy and led to an increase in reactance. These findings provide further evidence for carefully using fear appeals in persuasive health communication and speak in favor of integrating positive emotional appeals in these contexts.

scholarly journals The EPPM put to the test

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Ooms ◽  
Carel Jansen ◽  
John Hoeks
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Fear appeals are frequently used in health communication, for example in anti-smoking campaigns. Of the different theoretical models that predict and explain how fear appeals work, the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Witte, 1992) is probably used most often. However, most propositions of the EPPM were not explicitly tested, or received mixed empirical support (Popova, 2012). To clarify the relationships between the variables of the EPPM, four of the EPPM’s propositions were tested by performing correlational and mediation analyses. The results (n = 116) show that a large part of the relationships between the concepts of the EPPM and the outcomes of fear appeals differ from what the EPPM claims: threat and intention did not prove to be related, threat did not mediate the effect of fear on intention, and fear did not prove to influence the fear control responses. The findings from this study raise questions regarding the appropriateness of the EPPM.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fear Appeals and Message Format on Promoting Skin Cancer Prevention Behaviors among College Students

Societies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Cui Zhang Meadows
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Message Format

This study tested the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) by examining how fear mediated the effects of threat on individuals’ assessment of risk, which was neglected in many fear appeal studies. Second, this study treated efficacy as an existing perception, and explored the effects of varying levels of threat and efficacy on individuals’ behavioral intention. Furthermore, this study examined whether message format, such as narratives, played a role on individuals’ behavioral intention. Implications for the EPPM and health message development were discussed.

The Emotional Experience of Intercourse and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN L. WHITTEN ◽  
MICHAEL F. REIN ◽  
DEBORAH J. LAND ◽  
N. DICKON REPPUCCI ◽  
ERIC TURKHEIMER
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Promoting Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: Fear Appeals in Breastfeeding Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Carlson Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Anticipatory Guidance ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Lactation Consultants

Lactation consultants (LC) often use fear appeals when providing anticipatory guidance to mothers about breastfeeding. We mention that improper positioning or latch-on can lead to sore nipples or fissures, or that inadequate or irregular emptying can lead to plugged ducts, mastitis, or a diminished milk supply. Instead of motivating the mother to practice the recommended preventive measures, fear appeals can lead to lack of confidence and fear of failure. Instead, lactation consultants can increase the mother’s confidence in her ability to breastfeed by helping her envision success, manage self-defeating thoughts, and solve problems. This article explores how the Extended Parallel Process Model can be applied to lactation consultation to increase the probability that the lactation consultant’s message will be heeded rather than rejected.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of reactance in health-related behavior? The effects of fear appeals on defensive and accepting reactions of smokers with different levels of self-esteem

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-444
Author(s):  
Claudia Poggiolini
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) served as a theoretical background for explaining the persuasive effects of fear appeals on smokers. Based on the self-consistency theory, self-esteem was included as a moderator in this model for understanding in more detail under which circumstances, a fear appeal leads to accepting responses or to reactance. An online experiment was conducted, participating smokers read an article that contained either a neutral picture or a fear appeal. Including self-esteem in the EPPM revealed that in contrast to smokers with high self-esteem, smokers with low self-esteem increased perceived susceptibility and intention to quit, as well as reactance to a fear appeal. Moreover, reactance could not be considered a negative reaction to the fear appeal message, because for individuals with low self-esteem it was positively associated with the intention to quit. Results suggest that additionally considering smokers’ self-esteem can contribute to a more accurate prediction of the persuasive effects of fear appeals. The impact of self-esteem and reactance in health-related behavior is discussed, as are the implications for health-related messages and future research.

Vested interest: developing scales for assessing flooding preparedness

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Adame ◽  
Claude H Miller
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Vested Interest ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Perceived Preparedness ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report research testing scales developed from a combination of vested interest (VI) theory and the extended parallel process model of fear appeals. The scales were created to measure variables specified by an expanded model of VI: certainty, salience, immediacy, self-efficacy, response-efficacy, and susceptibility. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was designed with subscales for each element and combined with additional disaster and risk perception variables. Survey data were collected from two populations in the US state of Oklahoma. Results from scale development and regression analyses are reported. Findings – Results show that the scales are robust and flexible to contextual modification. The scales return good to excellent reliabilities, providing evidence that the variables articulated by VI theory predict perceived salience and perceived preparedness. Practical implications – This study adds to the research pointing to the efficacy of VI theory in providing insight into the perceptual barriers to preparedness. These results demonstrate that perceived vestedness can be a valuable tool in crafting messages to inform audiences of risks and motivate them to prepare. Social implications – These results can facilitate the creation of more effective hazard and risk messages. Related research shows households that are prepared for natural and manmade hazards enjoy higher rates of survivability and lower levels of consequences. Originality/value – This paper presents new results concerning perceived vestedness and the utility of the scales. The research should be of value to practitioners and policymakers concerned with motivating public audiences to prepare for natural and manmade hazards.

scholarly journals RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERINGATAN BERGAMBAR PADA KEMASAN ROKOK DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rama Nur Kurniawan. K
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model

Upaya menekan permasalahan rokok, pemerintah tak henti-hentinya turut  menanggulangi masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh perilaku merokok. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 28 Tahun 2013 yang menekankan pada pencantuman bahaya merokok dalam bentuk gambar pada semua kemasan rokok, mengacu pada sebuah teori komunikasi yang disebut sebagai teori The Extended Parallel Process Model  (EPPM) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kesan menakutkan (fear appeals).  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi respon masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan disain  grounded theory untuk  mengeksplorasi respon masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi metode, wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT).  Hasil penelitian memaparkan bahwa; 1) perasaan jijik, takut/ngeri saat melihat gambar, diperkuat dengan keyakinan terhadap kebenaran gambar akan menimbulkan respon menolak, sedangkan perasaan biasa saja yang diperkuat dengan ketidakyakinan akan menimbulkan reaksi menerima gambar,   2) Ada masa penyesuaian masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok. 3) gambar memperkuat niat non perokok untuk semakin tidak merokok, dan tidak mempengaruhi perokok untuk berhenti merokok. 4) gambar dianggap efektif sebagai media edukasi untuk non perokok.  Penelitian  menyimpulkan  bahwa: 1) tindakan masyarakat terhadap peringatan pesan bergambar pada kemasan rokok dipengaruhi oleh faktor perasaan dan keyakinan akan kebenaran gambar. 2) durasi masa penyesuiaan terhadap gambar berlangsung selama ± 2-3 bulan, 3) peringatan pesan bergambar belum mampu menyentuh emosi masyarakat secara kultural dan membuat perokok untuk berhenti merokok.  Kata kunci:  Pesan  peringatan,  kemasan  rokok, fear appeals, gambar, perasaan  

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