Inside phrasal verb constructions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Deshors
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Mutual Attraction ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Semantic Complexity ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Different Levels

This study investigates 2,909 phrasal verbs [PVs] in (in)transitive constructions across native English and French- and German-English interlanguages (ILs). Recent work by Gilquin (2014) shows that, as verb-particle combinations, PVs associate more or less strongly with particular syntactic constructions. Further, those association patterns vary across native and learner Englishes. Building on Gilquin (2014), the present study digs deeper into PV constructions by assessing degrees of mutual attraction between verbs and particles as well as between PVs and their semantic uses. Degrees of association are measured using a co-varying collexeme analysis approach (Stefanowitsch & Gries 2005). Generally, it emerges that within given syntactic constructions (e.g. verb-particle-object constructions), different verbs and particles (i.e. bring and up in the case of build up or bring and about for bring about) combine in different degrees, suggesting that, as cognitive routines, those combinations are not equally entrenched. In addition, French and German English learners seem to operate at different levels of semantic complexity when using PVs in their L2. Ultimately, the study bears important pedagogical implications, namely the need (i) to focus on phrasal verbs’ aspectual uses to help learners develop a more confident use of PVs in completive, inceptive and continuative semantic contexts and (ii) to develop resources that help learners improve their uses of PVs in verb-object-particle constructions.

scholarly journals A principled Cognitive Linguistics account of English phrasal verbs with up and out*

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
NARGES MAHPEYKAR ◽  
ANDREA TYLER
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Phrasal Verb

abstractMany attempts have been made to discover some systematicity in the semantics of phrasal verbs. However, most research has investigated the semantics of particles exclusively; no study has examined how the multiple meanings of the verb also contribute to the meanings of phrasal verbs. The current corpus-based (COCA) study advances the research on phrasal verbs by examining the interaction of the polysemy networks of both the verb and the particle in four phrasal verb constructions: get up, take up, get out, and take out. Following the Cognitive Linguistics (CL) based methodology set out by Tyler and Evans (2003) for analyzing the semantics of particles, in conjunction with Langacker’s (1991) analysis of the semantics of verbs, a replicable polysemy analysis of the semantics of get and take was established. The polysemy networks for both the verbs and the particles laid the foundation for investigating the multiple meanings of the phrasal verbs found in the corpus. The CL-based analysis of the semantics of the phrasal verb constructions provides evidence for the compositional nature of phrasal verbs, showing that the multiple meanings can be systematically accounted for through the interaction of the polysemy networks of the component verbs and particles.

An aspectual contour of phrasal verb constructions with English think

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-193
Author(s):  
Iwona Kokorniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Model ◽  
Mental Process ◽  
Progressive Aspect ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract In English, the internal constituency of an event is obligatorily expressed by means of non-progressive versus progressive aspect. It is also represented linguistically by means of lexical aspect, and thus verb semantics. The two types of distinctions are shown to lie at two different levels of schematicity in the Integrated Model of Aspect (IMA, Kokorniak 2018). Although particles constitute only an additional tool in aspectual profiling in English, they are very productive at the level of lexical aspect in profiling minor aspectual differences that main verb semantics and inflection cannot reflect. The particles that the verb think can be combined with include out, over, through and up. Monolingual learners’ dictionaries suggest that think out, think over and think through can be used interchangeably. Their definitions indicate that in all three cases the particles designate a careful and thorough mental process. The study presents an aspectual contour of think and the particles that the verb can be combined with, and displays that each particle constitutes an elaboration of the mental path in a slightly different way. Their semantic contribution to the aspectual verb profile is shown and located in the IMA continuum, while corpus examples depict their use.

scholarly journals AN IDENTIFICATION OF PHRASAL VERB IN MOVIE ENTITLED “BEGIN AGAIN”

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G.A.Y. Mahendra ◽  
I.D.P Ramendra ◽  
D.A.E. Agustini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Additional Resource ◽  
Good For ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Total Usage ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aimed at: 1) describing the types of phrasal verbs used in movie entitled “Begin Again”. 2) meaning of phrasal verbs by using syntax used in movie. This study was descriptive qualitative research mainly focused on discovery rather than using statistical analysis. This study used phrasal verb in movie as the object. This study used researcher as main instrument and dictionary to help researcher in collecting the data. This study showed total usage of phrasal verbs in movie. There are 42 Transitive (22 separable, 20 inseparable), 65 Intransitive. Teachers teach about phrasal verb easier and entertaining because object was easier to understand and avoid boredom in learning. Students directly know when they use phrasal verb. Students can be help them to know about phrasal verb and learn something by watching movie which is good for their behaviour. For other researcher can be an additional resource to make similar study.

scholarly journals The analysis of phrasal verbs found in blood diamond movie by edward zwick

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reza Jufri Yasin ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha ◽  
I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa Jayantini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Observation Method

This study investigated the types of phrasal verbs encountered in a movie entitled Blood Diamond. The problems of this study is what types of phrasal verb are found in the movie entitled Blood Diamond?. This study employed descriptive and qualitative method to provide a well-organized description regarding the problems being identified. The data of this study were obtained by observation method through four stages. Firstly, watching the Blood Diamond movie. Secondly, finding and taking notes the phrasal verb spoken by the characters in the movie Blood Diamond. Reading the online movie script and finally the writer categorized the types of data based on the theory proposed by McCarthy & O’Dell (2007:8). There were two types of phrasal verb encountered namely transitive and intransitive phrasal verb, in which transitive phrasal verb can be specialized into separable or non-separable transitive phrasal verb. The result of the study demonstrated that there are 8 data of phrasal verbs discovered in the movie Blood Diamond consisting 4 transitive phrasal verbs and 4 intransitive phrasal verbs.

The Impact of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on Phrasal Verbs of Iranian Intermediate EFL Students

2016 ◽  
pp. 217-239
Author(s):  
Mohsen Shahrokhi ◽  
Mina Kamyabi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Mobile Assisted Language Learning ◽  
Learning Instruction ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on phrasal verbs learning in EFL context. Participants were 40 intermediate Iranian English learners. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 20 each. The instruction of the control group was limited to the class activities but the experimental group received the instruction through Short Messaging Service (SMS) on their smart cellphones and worked with a new phrasal verbs learning application by Cambridge University Press called Phrasal Verbs Machine (PVM). The analysis of the data revealed that MALL instruction was more effective than in class language learning instruction. Results of the study indicate that smart cellphones as a tool for language learning provide a platform for language learners to use the language actively.

scholarly journals A Validation Study of the CEFR Levels of Phrasal Verbs in the English Vocabulary Profile

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Negishi ◽  
Yukio Tono ◽  
Yoshihito Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Previous Version ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractThis article reports on a part of the development and validation project for the English Vocabulary Profile (EVP). The previous version of the EVP included 439 phrasal verbs as well as 4,666 individual word entries. Each of their meanings is ordered according to its CEFR level. The aims of the study are to identify the actual difficulty of each phrasal verb, to validate the tentative decision of the CEFR levels, and also to explore factors that explain the difficulties, by using textbook corpora. In order to carry out this research, we developed a phrasal verb test of 100 items, consisting of four A1 items, nineteen A2 items, forty B1 items and thirty-seven B2 items. Approximately 1,600 Japanese students took this test. We analysed the test data, using item response theory. The results of the test show that although the average difficulties of the phrasal verbs in each level were ordered according to the level prediction, the ranges of the difficulties in each level overlapped. The analysis of textbook corpora reveals that there is a complex relationship between the difficulty levels of phrasal verbs and their frequencies in the textbooks. We discuss its implications and possible improvements for the EVP.

Avoidance of Phrasal Verbs—A Case for Contrastive Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menachem Dagut ◽  
Batia Laufer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Negative Transfer ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Group Structures

Schachter (1974) drew attention to the importance, in error analysis, of examining not only the L2 forms actually produced by the learners of a foreign language in their attempts to express themselves in L2, but also the L2 forms they seem consistently to avoid using. She also noted the close interrelation between such avoidance phenomena and the Contrastive Analysis approach to L2 teaching and learning: avoidance is the reverse side of negative transfer, since learners tend to avoid using in L2 those structures that have no parallel in their L1 and therefore provide them with no pattern for transfer. Of course, as Kleinmann (1977) has pointed out, “avoidance” implies that the structure in question is known to (i.e., can be passively recognized by) the learners, but not freely used by them; failure to use a structure or word that is unknown to the learners is an indication merely of ignorance, not of learning difficulty. Now a prime constructive purpose of error analysis is (or should be) to identify the sources of a learner's difficulties, as a necessary preliminary to helping him or her overcome them. Hence the importance of genuine avoidance phenomena that, when properly identified, can throw light on what would otherwise remain hidden recesses of uncertainty in the learner's mind. Levenston (1971) has convincingly argued, with numerous illustrations, that avoidance (“under-representation” in his terminology) of various English “clause (or group) structures” by Hebrew-speaking learners of English can be explained by the lack of Hebrew “translation-equivalents” for the English structures in question and the learners' consequent choice of less appropriate but more L1-equivalent structures. However, since Levenston was concerned not with avoidance phenomena as such, but rather with the evidence they provide of L1 interference with L2 learning and their stylistic effect on the learner's L2, he took the phenomena in question as established facts (on the basis, presumably, of his own teaching experience), without attempting to examine their frequency and extent.

Primitive forms of Response to the Matrices Test

1953 ◽  
Vol 99 (416) ◽  
pp. 374-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Old People ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
Different Levels

I. Problem and Method.Recent work on the psychology of intelligence and thinking suggests that perceptual types of intelligence tests are inadequate for dealing with psychiatric cases, young children, old people, mental defectives, and primitive peoples. The argument is that, in these groups, intellectual processes have either deteriorated from or failed to develop to that level with which most perceptual intelligence tests are concerned. The methods of scoring also assume that the correct answers are always reached in the same way, but this is by no means always the case, as Goldstein and Scheerer (1941, p. 14) have pointed out. The studies of Werner (1948), Piaget (1951), Goldstein (1940), Hanfmann and Kasanin (1942), Rapaport (1951), Moursy (1952) et al. show convincing evidence that cognition can take place at different “levels.” The exact determination of the number, nature, and scope of the different levels remains a task for the future, since the present situation is confused, to say the least.

scholarly journals Extending Dual Arc Consistency

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 781-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nagarajan ◽  
S. D. Goodwin ◽  
A. Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Dual Representation ◽  
Local Consistency ◽  
Arc Consistency ◽  
Binary Constraint ◽  
Binary Compatibility ◽  
The Given ◽  
Different Levels

Many extensions to existing binary constraint satisfaction algorithms have been proposed that directly deal with nonbinary constraints. Another choice is to perform a structural transformation of the representation of the problem, so that the resulting problem is a binary CSP except that now the original constraints which were nonbinary are replaced by binary compatibility constraints between relations. A lot of recent work has focussed on comparing different levels of local consistency enforceable in the nonbinary representation with the dual representation. In this paper we present extensions to the standard dual encoding that can compactly represent the given CSP using an equivalent dual encoding that contains all the original solutions to the CSP, using constraint coverings. We show how enforcing arc consistency in these constraint covering based encodings, strictly dominates enforcement of generalized arc consistency (GAC) on the primal nonbinary encoding.

Neighbourhood Social Capital and Neighbourhood Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1443-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Johnston ◽  
Carol Propper ◽  
Rebecca Sarker ◽  
Kelvyn Jones ◽  
Anne Bolster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Neighbourhood Social Capital ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Recent research has provided very strong circumstantial evidence of the existence of neighbourhood effects in voting patterns at recent UK general elections. The usual reason adduced to account for these spatial variations is the neighbourhood effect. This hypothesises that people are influenced in their decisionmaking and behavioural patterns by their neighbours, with interpersonal conversation being the main means of transmitting such influence. Although there is an increasing body of evidence showing the impact of such conversations—that people who talk together, vote together—relatively little of this has grounded the geography of such conversations in the individuals' local neighbourhoods. Those who interact locally should show more evidence of ‘neighbourhood-effect-like’ patterns than those who do not. To inquire whether this is indeed so, this paper extends recent work on voting patterns in the United Kingdom by investigating the behaviour of individuals with different levels of participation in their local milieux—what we define below as neighbourhood social capital.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document