The Gulf of Guinea Creoles

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjerk Hagemeijer
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Genetic Relation ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Town ◽  
Rule Out

Especially since Ferraz (1974, 1975, 1979), it has been generally accepted that the four Gulf of Guinea creoles (GGCs) — Santome (ST), Angolar (ANG), Lung’ie (LU), and Fa d’Ambô (FA)2 — are closely related languages based on historical and linguistic data. Ferraz shares his view on the type of genetic relation between these creoles in the following quote: To take the GG [Gulf of Guinea] case, it would not be plausible to assume that the contact language which developed in the town of São Tomé and the surrounding areas was the same as that which gave rise to Ang[olar], Pr[incipense], and Pag[alu]4. There are enough differences between each of these languages to rule out such a possibility. It would be closer to the truth to say that the four contact languages show many resemblances because, to a large extent, they grew up together, with slaves and settlers introduced through the central administration in São Tomé. (…). Hence different languages developed in the archipelago rather than dialects of one contact language. (Ferraz 1987: 348) This paper will reassess the linguistic relation between the GGCs and the typological contribution of the African strata. It will be argued that there is substantial linguistic evidence that the GGCs are to a significant extent the result of a common ancestor, which throughout the paper will be labelled the proto-Gulf of Guinea creole (proto-GGC), and that this common ancestor derived most of its features from its Nigerian substrate rather than from western Bantu.

scholarly journals Geomorphology of the town of Rimini and surrounding areas (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Veronica Guerra ◽  
Cristiano Guerra ◽  
Olivia Nesci
Keyword(s):  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Town

scholarly journals ARCHAELOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE TOWN OF MALYN, ZHYTOMYR REGION, IN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
M. M. Iievliev ◽  
A. V. Petrauskas ◽  
V. I. Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Town ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The first archaeological excavations at the Malyn ancient settlement had been initiated in 1878 by V. B. Antonovych. In the 20th century, the site has been explored by such outstanding scientists as P. M. Tretiakov, M. P. Kuchera, B. A. Zvizdetskyi. On the basis of the found artifacts, the site has been attributed as one of the earliest town settlements of the Eastern Slavs, and the discovered materials have been used to generate the concept of the early development of the towns in the East Slavonic area. Starting from 2016, the expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine regularly explores the site to investigate the fundamental issues of the early Slavonic towns in Eastern Europe genesis. During the field season of 2017, scientists discovered the remains of the defense constructions dating back to the earliest period of the site formation. The new data which enable to characterize the settlement surroundings has become an important result of the research in 2017. The artifacts discovered at the surrounding areas of the site indicate that culture layers of all the neighboring grounds available for settling (except for the flood lands of the Irsha river) are synchronous to those found at the settlement.

scholarly journals Global phylogeography and evolution of chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Patrício ◽  
L. H. Herbst ◽  
A. Duarte ◽  
X. Vélez-Zuazo ◽  
N. Santos Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor

A global phylogeny for chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV), the most likely aetiological agent of fibropapillomatosis (FP) in sea turtles, was inferred, using dated sequences, through Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis and used to estimate the virus evolutionary rate independent of the evolution of the host, and to resolve the phylogenetic positions of new haplotypes from Puerto Rico and the Gulf of Guinea. Four phylogeographical groups were identified: eastern Pacific, western Atlantic/eastern Caribbean, mid-west Pacific and Atlantic. The latter comprises the Gulf of Guinea and Puerto Rico, suggesting recent virus gene flow between these two regions. One virus haplotype from Florida remained elusive, representing either an independent lineage sharing a common ancestor with all other identified virus variants or an Atlantic representative of the lineage giving rise to the eastern Pacific group. The virus evolutionary rate ranged from 1.62×10−4 to 2.22×10−4 substitutions per site per year, which is much faster than what is expected for a herpesvirus. The mean time for the most recent common ancestor of the modern virus variants was estimated at 192.90–429.71 years ago, which, although more recent than previous estimates, still supports an interpretation that the global FP pandemic is not the result of a recent acquisition of a virulence mutation(s). The phylogeographical pattern obtained seems partially to reflect sea turtle movements, whereas altered environments appear to be implicated in current FP outbreaks and in the modern evolutionary history of CFPHV.

scholarly journals Change in Historical Range of the Ural Owl in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Goffette ◽  
Marceline Denis ◽  
Nadja Pöllath ◽  
Wim Van Neer
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Population ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Town ◽  
Historical Range ◽  
Ural Owl ◽  
Rule Out

A carpometacarpus recovered during archaeological excavations in the town of Quaregnon is the westernmost find ever reported in Europe of a Ural Owl (Strix uralensis), and the first occurrence for Belgium. Both the morphology of the skeletal element and its measurements rule out an identification as any of the other Strigiformes from the Western Palearctic. The provenance of this specimen, that dates to the medieval period (10th-12th centuries AD), is discussed. It is hypothesized that the bird was a wild animal, but the available evidence does not unequivocally determine whether it belonged to a local, breeding population that went extinct or if it came from a more distant population. However, a survey of other zooarchaeological finds of Ural Owl in Europe shows that the species occurred farther west in the past, outside the present natural breeding range. This suggests that Ural Owl may have found suitable nesting biotopes in Belgium and northern France during the medieval period.

Literary places of Kuntsevo in the 20-30s of XX century

Servis plus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Михаил Прохоров ◽  
Mikhail Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
The People ◽  
Literary Societies ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Town ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Literary Environment ◽  
The Revolution

The article discusses the formation after the revolution and Civil war in 20–30-ies of XX century in the town of Moscow region called Kuntsevo and the surrounding areas, which were the center of culture and leisure of the creative intellectuals as writers, poets, literary critics. The author turns out the circumstances of their stay in these places, the attitude towards Kuntsevo landscape and nature, the people of the town. The author opens the subject of the reflection in the intellectuals’ works of sights in Kuntsevo. There are specific examples from the personal lives of figures of literature and culture related to Kuntsevo surroundings, their joint meet- ings, conversations, collective and individual recreation. Special attention is paid to their way of life, family situation, daily life and destiny. E. Bagritsky, A. Gaidar, V. Shalamov, P. Vasiliev lived in Kuntsevo places after the revolution. V. Lugovskoy, M. Gorky, M. Koltsov, P. Zamojski, M. Tsvetaeva and many other representatives of the literary environment came there. The article reflects the emergence of new literary cadres of young people working in local factories, the creation of their literary societies and the manifestation of the keen interest in literature. Creative working youth, as a rule, were formed in the folk clubs and palaces of culture. Such clubs existed in almost all Kuntsevo enterprises of pre-revolutionary period as well as enterprises created in the years of industrialization. Special popularity was gained by the clubs “Precepts of Ilyich” and “Dawn” (Vorovskoi club). The study examines the participation of youth in dramatic and literary societies and their meetings with Soviet writers and poets: L. Seifullina, A. Serafimovich, A. Zharov, K. Paustovsky. Articles of working journalists were often published on the pages of factory newspapers. These Kuntsevo societies were the motheland of famous poets as V. Bagritskyand S. Smirnov.

scholarly journals Cross-linguistic evidence for cognitive universals in the noun phrase

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Martin ◽  
Theeraporn Ratitamkul ◽  
Klaus Abels ◽  
David Adger ◽  
Jennifer Culbertson
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Nominal Position

AbstractNoun phrase word order varies cross-linguistically, however, two distributional asymmetries have attracted substantial attention. First, the most common orders place adjectives closest to the noun, then numerals, then demonstratives (e.g., N-Adj-Num-Dem). Second, exceptions to this are restricted to post-nominal position (e.g., N-Dem-Num-Adj, but not, for instance, Adj-Num-Dem-N). These observations have been argued to reflect constraints on cognition. Here we report on two experiments, providing support for this claim. We taught English- and Thai-speaking participants artificial languages in which the position of modifiers relative to the noun differed from their native order (post-nominal position in English, pre-nominal in Thai). We trained participants on single-modifier phrases, and asked them to extrapolate to multiple modifier phrases. We found that both populations infer relative orders of modifiers that conform to the tendency for closest proximity of adjectives, then numerals, then demonstratives. Further, we show that Thai participants, learning pre-nominal modifiers, exhibit a stronger such preference. These results track the typology closely and are consistent with the claim that noun phrase word order reflects properties of human cognition. We discuss future research needed to rule out alternative explanations for our findings, including prior language experience.

Structure of novel exocrine glands in Calanus species with notes on their possible function

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Nishida ◽  
Takumi Nonomura
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Sagami Bay ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Caudal Rami ◽  
Excited Luminescence ◽  
Rule Out

The structure of hitherto-unknown exocrine glands in the caudal rami of the pelagic copepods of the genus Calanus was investigated, together with the vertical, diel and seasonal variations in the occurrence of granules secreted from the glands. Zooplankton samples were collected in Sagami Bay by vertical tows of a net from 4 discrete layers at 250-m intervals in the upper 1000 m both day and night, with an additional seasonal sampling in the upper 200 m. The samples contained copepodids of Calanus sinicus (stages IV–VI), C. jashnovi (stages IV–V), and unidentified Calanus (stages I–III), which possessed the glands regardless of the developmental stage and sex. Each caudal ramus has an inner- and an outer gland each of which opens in a pore at the ventral base of a caudal seta. According to light microscopy the cavities of only the inner glands contained many transparent granules, some of which appeared to have been discharged to the environment. The granules were present regardless of day/night, depth, and season, with the maximum number of 52/copepod. The cells surrounding the inner cavity contained well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi-bodies, and secretory granules; the outer cavity contained granules of much lower density than those in the inner cavity. These observations rule out the possible functions of the glands for egg and sex pheromone production, and suggest most likely function is predator avoidance. However, neither has mechanical disturbance excited luminescence, nor has ultraviolet emission excited fluorescence, suggesting the secretion is non-luminescent. Alternative possible functions include secretion of defensive substances or substances that might enhance swarm formation. A survey of preserved copepod collections indicated presence of similar glands in Calanus helgolandicus, C. pacificus, Cosmocalanus darwinii, Mesocalanus tenuicornis, and Nannocalanus minor, suggesting evolution of the glands in the common ancestor of these species that comprise a monophyletic group within the Calanidae.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Damage Assessment Using Dual Path Synthetic Aperture Radar Analysis for the M 6.4 Petrinja Earthquake (2020), Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2267
Author(s):  
Sadra Karimzadeh ◽  
Masashi Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Damage Mapping ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Town ◽  
Aperture Radar

On 29 December 2020, an earthquake with a magnitude of M 6.4 hit the central part of Croatia. The earthquake resulted in casualties and damaged buildings in the town of Petrinja (~6 km away from the epicenter) and surrounding areas. This study aims to characterize ground displacement and to estimate the location of damaged areas following the Petrinja earthquake using six synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images (C-band) acquired from both ascending and descending orbits of the Sentinel-1 mission. Phase information from both the ascending (Sentinel-1A) and descending (Sentinel-1B) datasets, acquired from SAR interferometry (InSAR), is used for estimation of ground displacement. For damage mapping, we use histogram information along with the RGB method to visualize the affected areas. In sparsely damaged areas, we also propose a method based on multivariate alteration detection (MAD) and naive Bayes (NB), in which pre-seismic and co-seismic coherence maps and geocoded intensity maps are the main independent variables, together with elevation and displacement maps. For training, approximately 70% of the data are employed and the rest of the data are used for validation. The results show that, despite the limitations of C-band SAR images in densely vegetated areas, the overall accuracy of MAD+NB is ~68% compared with the results from the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS).

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