scholarly journals Directions for the future of technology in pronunciation research and teaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Grantham O’Brien ◽  
Tracey M. Derwing ◽  
Catia Cucchiarini ◽  
Debra M. Hardison ◽  
Hansjörg Mixdorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract This paper reports on the role of technology in state-of-the-art pronunciation research and instruction, and makes concrete suggestions for future developments. The point of departure for this contribution is that the goal of second language (L2) pronunciation research and teaching should be enhanced comprehensibility and intelligibility as opposed to native-likeness. Three main areas are covered here. We begin with a presentation of advanced uses of pronunciation technology in research with a special focus on the expertise required to carry out even small-scale investigations. Next, we discuss the nature of data in pronunciation research, pointing to ways in which future work can build on advances in corpus research and crowdsourcing. Finally, we consider how these insights pave the way for researchers and developers working to create research-informed, computer-assisted pronunciation teaching resources. We conclude with predictions for future developments.

scholarly journals The role of AI and machine learning in contemporary orthodontics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Retrouvey
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

In the past 20 years, the orthodontic profession has adopted digital technologies such as computer-assisted tooth movement, automated staged dental aligner production, and 3D simulations. Until recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) was limited to narrow intelligence and supervised “learning” such as automated cephalometric point recognition, segmentation of teeth from 3D files, and staging of orthodontic treatment. The next step will be to create neural networks based on general intelligence (the human intelligence is considered general intelligence), where the network using powerful computers and complex algorithms will “learn” orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to suggest the most appropriate treatment plan for optimized treatments and more predictable outcomes. The objectives of this paper are to describe the state of the art in AI and orthodontics and explore potential avenues for future developments and applications.

Las metafunciones de Halliday en traducción

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-504
Author(s):  
Eirini Chatzikoumi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Translator Training

Abstract This article addresses the contribution of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to translation and, specifically, the use of Halliday’s metafunctions in translation studies research. The aim is to provide the state of the art of the main findings and proposals of these studies regarding the role of metafunctions in translation and translation teaching, thus evaluating their relevance and applicability in this field. In order to achieve this, six studies were reviewed, three of them dedicated to metafunctional shifts and three to the use of metafunctions in translation teaching and evaluation. This critical bibliographic review allowed for the corroboration of the contribution of SFL to the field of translation, and for the deduction of relevant aspects for future research and teaching proposals. More precisely, the relevance of the incorporation of semantic metafunctions in translator training and evaluation is confirmed, and the possibility of a distinction between obligatory and optional metafunctional translation shifts is suggested.

scholarly journals Archeologie in musea: een passend verleden voor de Sami?

Paleo-aktueel ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Mathilde van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
General Acceptance

A Sami past. The Sami are still struggling for general acceptance of their identity and cultural expression. They are the indigenous population of Fennoscandia, and although now mostly associated with reindeer herding, historically their subsistence was based mostly on fishing, hunting, agriculture, animal husbandry, and only small-scale reindeer herding. In this paper it is probed how contemporary majority and Sami museums convey information about the Sami and their past, with a special focus on the role of archaeology. This is important because museums have an active role in the creation of knowledge and identity. There are several discrepancies between what archaeology is and can present, and how the Sami see their culture and past. Archaeology works with linear time, and focuses on material culture that is, landscape-wise, taken out of context. By contrast, Sami culture emphasizes the importance of material culture within the landscape, feels affiliated with circular time and nature, and does not accept all material culture that archaeology classifies as Sami. In the case of the Sami, archaeology is a less-than-ideal way to communicate about their past and culture.

scholarly journals Bronchiectasis—Could Immunonutrition Have a Role to Play in Future Management?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Derbyshire ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Research Investment ◽  
Future Management

Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition in which areas of the bronchial tubes become permanently widened predisposing the lungs to infection. Bronchiectasis is an age-associated disease with the highest prevalence in people older than 75 years. While the prevalence of bronchiectasis is higher in males, disease is more severe in females who have a poorer prognosis. The overall prevalence of the disease is thought to be rising. Its aetiology is multi-faceted, but a compromised immune system is now thought to play a central role in the pathology of this disease. Research has begun to study the role of malnutrition and certain nutrients—vitamin D and zinc—along with the role of the lung microbiome in relation to the management of bronchiectasis. Given this, the present mini review sets out to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art within the field, identify research gaps and pave the way for future developments and research investment within this field.

scholarly journals “My Responsibility, My Food”

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-76
Author(s):  
Andreas Backa
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Agriculture ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article examines views on meat, slaughter and human-animal relations in the contemporary self-sufficiency trend. The point of departure of the analysis is ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with individuals striving towards becoming more self-sufficient in the region of Ostrobothnia, Finland. The focus is on the interviewees’ narration of their practices and experiences of animal husbandry, and more specifically on the role of affect and body in the killing of animals for human consumption. The material is analysed utilising cultural analysis inspired by phenomenology, and the findings are discussed from the perspective of post-domesticity. The analysis shows how the interviewees negotiate and justify their choices regarding meat, and why they prefer self-sufficiency farming and home slaughter to industrial agriculture and slaughter. This form of small-scale animal husbandry is characterised by affective relationships between bodies, which counteract the processes of post-domestic modernity that generate disconnectedness between animal and human, food and origin, producer and consumer.  

scholarly journals Unit Nonresponse and Weighting Adjustments: A Critical Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Brick
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nonresponse Bias ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Nonresponse ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Response Propensity ◽  
Weighting Adjustments

Abstract This article reviews unit nonresponse in cross-sectional household surveys, the consequences of the nonresponse on the bias of the estimates, and methods of adjusting for it. We describe the development of models for nonresponse bias and their utility, with particular emphasis on the role of response propensity modeling and its assumptions. The article explores the close connection between data collection protocols, estimation strategies, and the resulting nonresponse bias in the estimates. We conclude with some comments on the current state of the art and the need for future developments that expand our understanding of the response phenomenon.

scholarly journals The Control of Movements via Motor Gamma Oscillations

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Ulloa
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Sensorimotor Processes

The ability to perform movements is vital for our daily life. Our actions are embedded in a complex environment where we need to deal efficiently in the face of unforeseen events. Neural oscillations play an important role in basic sensorimotor processes related to the execution and preparation of movements. In this review, I will describe the state of the art regarding the role of motor gamma oscillations in the control of movements. Experimental evidence from electrophysiological studies has shown that motor gamma oscillations accomplish a range of functions in motor control beyond merely signaling the execution of movements. However, these additional aspects associated with motor gamma oscillation remain to be fully clarified. Future work on different spatial, temporal and spectral scales is required to further understand the implications of gamma oscillations in motor control.

CAI: Its Cost and its Role

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-208
Author(s):  
Israel Pressman ◽  
Bruce Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total System ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Breakeven Analysis ◽  
And Training

A practical and theoretical review is made of CAI system costs for small-scale instructional and training programs. CAI costs are broken down into its components, with each component described and evaluated in terms of its contribution to total system costs. A detailed example of an educational system is provided as an illustration of a CAI cost analysis. Future developments in CAI are briefly sketched, and presented in terms of their potential effect on CAI costs in the future. The effectiveness and role of CAI is examined in relation to costs, and a breakeven analysis is applied to cost-justify a computer-based training program. Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning CAI's current affordability and applications in both public and private environments.

scholarly journals Let’s go fishing: A quantitative analysis of subsistence choices with a special focus on mixed economies among small-scale societies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254539
Author(s):  
Virginia Ahedo ◽  
Débora Zurro ◽  
Jorge Caro ◽  
José Manuel Galán
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Subsistence Economies ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Economic Choices

The transition to agriculture is regarded as a major turning point in human history. In the present contribution we propose to look at it through the lens of ethnographic data by means of a machine learning approach. More specifically, we analyse both the subsistence economies and the socioecological context of 1290 societies documented in the Ethnographic Atlas with a threefold purpose: (i) to better understand the variability and success of human economic choices; (ii) to assess the role of environmental settings in the configuration of the different subsistence economies; and (iii) to examine the relevance of fishing in the development of viable alternatives to cultivation. All data were extracted from the publicly available cross-cultural database D-PLACE. Our results suggest that not all subsistence combinations are viable, existing just a subset of successful economic choices that appear recurrently in specific ecological systems. The subsistence economies identified are classified as either primary or mixed economies in accordance with an information-entropy-based quantitative criterion that determines their degree of diversification. Remarkably, according to our results, mixed economies are not a marginal choice, as they constitute 25% of the cases in our data sample. In addition, fishing seems to be a key element in the configuration of mixed economies, as it is present across all of them.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of East Kolkata Wetland with a special focus on bioremediation by nitrifying bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Saha ◽  
Agniswar Sarkar ◽  
Bidyut Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
East Kolkata Wetland ◽  
Tce Degradation

Abstract East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) is designated as International Ramsar site and are the hotspot for large-scale wastewater aquaculture practices. However, the continued surveillance of physicochemical properties of water and application of an eco-friendly approach are essential to ensure safe aquaculture practices. In the present study, we assessed the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of water across EKW and investigated the role of nitrifying bacteria as probiotics. We statistically analyzed various physicochemical properties of water samples from EKW. Results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant variation in all the physicochemical parameters across the selected water bodies of EKW (p < 0.01). We isolated and enumerated Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. and assessed their ability to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE). The role of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter sp. were further investigated and established through a small-scale experiment. Two microbial isolates, NSW3 and NBW2, displayed superior TCE degradation ability at pH 5, and the application of these strains as probiotics were found to improve the quality of water and survival rate of fishes in the treated experimental tanks. Our findings suggest that the application of the above mixed bacterial cultures in aquaculture could be an effective and environment-friendly approach for safe and productive aquaculture operations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document