scholarly journals Archeologie in musea: een passend verleden voor de Sami?

Paleo-aktueel ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Mathilde van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
General Acceptance

A Sami past. The Sami are still struggling for general acceptance of their identity and cultural expression. They are the indigenous population of Fennoscandia, and although now mostly associated with reindeer herding, historically their subsistence was based mostly on fishing, hunting, agriculture, animal husbandry, and only small-scale reindeer herding. In this paper it is probed how contemporary majority and Sami museums convey information about the Sami and their past, with a special focus on the role of archaeology. This is important because museums have an active role in the creation of knowledge and identity. There are several discrepancies between what archaeology is and can present, and how the Sami see their culture and past. Archaeology works with linear time, and focuses on material culture that is, landscape-wise, taken out of context. By contrast, Sami culture emphasizes the importance of material culture within the landscape, feels affiliated with circular time and nature, and does not accept all material culture that archaeology classifies as Sami. In the case of the Sami, archaeology is a less-than-ideal way to communicate about their past and culture.

Agency and impoliteness in Korean online interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-259
Author(s):  
Ariel Kim ◽  
Lucien Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Social Meanings

Abstract (Im)politeness research has often focused either on the importance of social norms or on the intentions of the speaker, with the active role of the listener in assigning social meanings overlooked. This limitation particularly applies to so-called “discernment languages” such as Korean and Japanese. The current paper addresses this gap by offering a small-scale qualitative study of recipient agency in Korean naturally occurring computer-mediated communication (CMC). The data analyzed includes 14 text messages between the recipient (the proprietor of an online food business) and his customer, which were posted on a blog that he owned and operated. We focus on how the recipient agentively evaluates the language usage of the customer, including inconsistent evaluations of her use of non-honorific language, or panmal. The results suggest that the instability of (im)politeness interpretations cannot be explained solely by social norms or intentions but should also include the socially-mediated agency of the recipient.

LAND PROCUREMENT FOR PUBLIC INTEREST IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WITH SMALL SCALE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Miftah Arifin ◽  
Wijayono Hadi Sukrisno ◽  
Zaenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ownership Rights

<p><em>This study has purposes to find out how the mechanism of land procurement for the public interest in local governments, find out the obstacles and solve the problem of land procurement for the public interest on a small scale. Land procurement by the local government sometimes always collides with the stages of land procurement which is a very long process, but the land is needed immediately to support development. Small-scale land procurement is carried out on an area of no more than 5 hectares. Land procurement on a small scale for the public interest can be carried out without going through the determination of the location. The legal consequences are not being able to deposit compensation in court. This study uses a sociological juridical method, namely the discussion based on the provisions of the legislation. The results of this study are that the mechanism for land procurement for the public interest is carried out with accurate research and socialization so that the community understands the positive impact of development for the public interest and counseling so that the community understands the benefits of the project and participates in the success of project development for the public interest. Another obstacle in the implementation of land procurement is the existence of incomplete land ownership data or documents or no land ownership rights, the bureaucracy that guarantees legal certainty that the settlement of these obstacles is carried out with the active role of agencies that require land.</em></p>

Using current systems to inform rearing facility design in the insect-as-food industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Berggren ◽  
A. Jansson ◽  
M. Low
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Philosophy Of Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Wild Harvesting ◽  
Insects As Food

As wild harvesting of insects gives way to mass rearing, there is an urgent need to develop expertise and methods in insect animal husbandry and facility design. In order to advance the science of animal husbandry and production in this field, comparisons and contrasts of different insect rearing facilities currently in production are likely to be beneficial. Here we initiate this discussion by suggesting a focus on insect rearing facilities at the two ends of the production scale spectrum (small-scale rearing and mass rearing) that have different end products (insects-as-food and insects for other purposes). We suggest that organisations with a philosophy of information sharing (e.g. universities) need to play an active role in this developing production system, by bridging gaps between academia, industry and traditional knowledge to ensure a rapid and societally acceptable development of wide-scale entomophagy.

scholarly journals Directions for the future of technology in pronunciation research and teaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Grantham O’Brien ◽  
Tracey M. Derwing ◽  
Catia Cucchiarini ◽  
Debra M. Hardison ◽  
Hansjörg Mixdorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract This paper reports on the role of technology in state-of-the-art pronunciation research and instruction, and makes concrete suggestions for future developments. The point of departure for this contribution is that the goal of second language (L2) pronunciation research and teaching should be enhanced comprehensibility and intelligibility as opposed to native-likeness. Three main areas are covered here. We begin with a presentation of advanced uses of pronunciation technology in research with a special focus on the expertise required to carry out even small-scale investigations. Next, we discuss the nature of data in pronunciation research, pointing to ways in which future work can build on advances in corpus research and crowdsourcing. Finally, we consider how these insights pave the way for researchers and developers working to create research-informed, computer-assisted pronunciation teaching resources. We conclude with predictions for future developments.

scholarly journals Reindeer herding among Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd in the late XVIII century (based on the statistical reports)

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Daria Aleksandrovna Chaplygina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Population ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century

Reindeer herding is inextricably associated with the economic practice of Sami people. The subject of this research is the reindeer herding among Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd in the late XVIII century. The object of this research is the statistical reports of 1764, 1784, and 1785. The statistical sources of various periods are introduced into the scientific discourse, which allows analyzing such topics as demography, physical-geographical peculiarities of the territory, economic activity, and everyday life of the population, as well as reconstructing the state of reindeer herding among Sami people of Kolsky Uyezd during the period under study, and comparing the acquired results with the data for the XIX century. The sources also provide information on reindeer herding among Russian population; therefore, the article aims to determine the importance of this economic sector outside the Sami society. The scientific novelty is defined by the absence of works dedicated to reindeer herding among Sami people of Kolsky Uyezd for the period under review. The main conclusions are as follows: Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd of the late XVII century cannot be considered as traditional reindeer herders, as it was rather a small-scale cattle farm, fulfilling mostly food and transportation functions; the number of reindeer in the Sami pogosts was uneven; increase in the number of reindeer was noticed in the second half of the XVIII century, which testifies to the growing role of this economic sector (however, in the eastern part of the Kola Peninsula alone); in the economy of the Russian population, reindeer herding performed a support function.

scholarly journals “My Responsibility, My Food”

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-76
Author(s):  
Andreas Backa
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Agriculture ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article examines views on meat, slaughter and human-animal relations in the contemporary self-sufficiency trend. The point of departure of the analysis is ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with individuals striving towards becoming more self-sufficient in the region of Ostrobothnia, Finland. The focus is on the interviewees’ narration of their practices and experiences of animal husbandry, and more specifically on the role of affect and body in the killing of animals for human consumption. The material is analysed utilising cultural analysis inspired by phenomenology, and the findings are discussed from the perspective of post-domesticity. The analysis shows how the interviewees negotiate and justify their choices regarding meat, and why they prefer self-sufficiency farming and home slaughter to industrial agriculture and slaughter. This form of small-scale animal husbandry is characterised by affective relationships between bodies, which counteract the processes of post-domestic modernity that generate disconnectedness between animal and human, food and origin, producer and consumer.  

Musicality as material culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio F Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Understanding ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
The World

From an enactive perspective, one should be able to explain how perception and actions, constituted in patterns of interactions with the world, evolve into the capacities for social coordination and social understanding distinctive of human beings. Traditional accounts of our social understanding skills, focusing on the role of intentionality as the “aboutness” associated with the use of symbolic language, make this sort of explanation difficult to articulate. A satisfactory explanation should start with the recognition that intentionality is not a monolithic phenomenon and that more basic kinds of intentionality embodied in material culture have played a crucial role in allowing for the complexity of human social cognition. We argue for the importance of kinds of bottom-up intentionality, which arise from the world as it is experienced, dynamically structuring and directing our cognitive capacities toward possibilities of (joint) action. Musicality (our capacity for being musical) is a particularly rich kind of cultural expression, in which intentionality embodied in material culture can be studied and its significance for the structure of our deeply social cognition can be explored.

scholarly journals The Role of Rulers in the Winding Up of the Old Norse Religion

Numen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 272-297
Author(s):  
Olof Sundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Indigenous Religion ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
Medieval Christianity ◽  
Christian Society ◽  
As If

Abstract It is a common opinion in research that the Scandinavians changed religion during the second half of the Viking Age, that is, ca. 950–1050/1100 CE. During this period, Christianity replaced the Old Norse religion. When describing this transition in recent studies, the concept “Christianization” is often applied. To a large extent this historiography focuses on the outcome of the encounter, namely the description of early Medieval Christianity and the new Christian society. The purpose and aims of the present study are to concentrate more exclusively on the Old Norse religion during this period of change and to analyze the questions of how and why it disappeared. A special focus is placed on the native kings. These kings played a most active role in winding up the indigenous tradition that previously formed their lives. It seems as if they used some deliberate methods during this process. When designing their strategies they focused on the religious leadership as well as the ritual system. These seem to have been the aspects of the indigenous religion of which they had direct control, and at the same time, were central for the modus operandi of the old religion. Most of all, it seems as if these Christian kings were pragmatists. Since they could not affect the traditional worldview and prevent people from telling the mythical narratives about the old gods, they turned to such aims that they were able to achieve.

Bild, Ding, Material: Nimben und Goldgründe italienischer Tafelmalerei in transkultureller Perspektive

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-541
Author(s):  
Vera-Simone Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Art History ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Panel Painting ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With a special focus on processes of artistic transfer between the Apennine peninsula and other regions in the Mediterranean and beyond, this paper sheds new light on haloes and gold grounds in thirteenthto fifteenth-century Italian painting. By means of case studies, it analyzes both (1) the role of haloes and gold grounds within the specific logic of the images, and (2) the impact of imported artifacts (their techniques, decoration, and materiality) on Italian panel painting as well as the complex interplays between imports and local production. Elucidating the intersections, frictions, and fields of tension between visual and material culture, this paper contributes to discussions on transmedial and transmaterial dynamics, transcultural art history, and the multireferentiality of gold.

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