A metadialogic approach to intercultural dialogue

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-253
Author(s):  
Dale Koike ◽  
Carl S. Blyth
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Spanish Speaker ◽  
Constructing Meaning ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
The U.S

Our objective is to discover if metadialogic discussion by participants and researchers increases their understanding of the dialogue. We videotaped a native Spanish speaker and a fifth-semester Spanish learner from the U.S. as they discussed a conversational prompt. Next, a facilitator guided the participants in a videotaped retrospection to uncover what their thoughts and feelings had been during the original interaction. A third party then analyzed the original videotaped dialogue and compared it to the participants’ metadialogic commentary to determine accuracy and adequacy of the analysis. Results show that dialogic retrospection is an effective tool and should be incorporated into dialogue research methodology. Instead of analyzing solely a transcription of an audiotape or film, metadialogic retrospection can access hidden motivations underlying language use, leading to greater accuracy. We argue that such retrospection is necessary for understanding cognitive and psychological dimensions of co-constructing meaning in intercultural dialogue.

scholarly journals Systematic survey of the causal language use in systematic reviews of observational studies: a study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e038571
Author(s):  
Mi Ah Han ◽  
Gordon Guyatt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Causal Language

IntroductionSometimes, observational studies may provide important evidence that allow inferences of causality between exposure and outcome (although on most occasions only low certainty evidence). Authors, frequently and perhaps usually at the behest of the journals to which they are submitting, avoid using causal language when addressing evidence from observational studies. This is true even when the issue of interest is the causal effect of an intervention or exposure. Clarity of thinking and appropriateness of inferences may be enhanced through the use of language that reflects the issue under consideration. The objectives of this study are to systematically evaluate the extent and nature of causal language use in systematic reviews of observational studies and to relate that to the actual intent of the investigation.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic survey of systematic reviews of observational studies addressing modifiable exposures and their possible impact on patient-important outcomes. We will randomly select 200 reviews published in 2019, stratified in a 1:1 ratio by use and non-use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Teams of two reviewers will independently assess study eligibility and extract data using a standardised data extraction forms, with resolution of disagreement by discussion and, if necessary, by third party adjudication. Through examining the inferences, they make in their papers’ discussion, we will evaluate whether the authors’ intent was to address causation or association. We will summarise the use of causal language in the study title, abstract, study question and results using descriptive statistics. Finally, we will assess whether the language used is consistent with the intention of the authors. We will determine whether results in reviews that did or did not use GRADE differ.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study is not required. We will disseminate the results through publication in a peer-reviewed journals.RegistrationOpen Science Framework (osf.io/vh8yx).

scholarly journals Cannabis microbiome sequencing reveals several mycotoxic fungi native to dispensary grade Cannabis flowers

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McKernan ◽  
Jessica Spangler ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Vasisht Tadigotla ◽  
Yvonne Helbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Regulatory Requirement ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
The U.S

The Center for Disease Control estimates 128,000 people in the U.S. are hospitalized annually due to food borne illnesses. This has created a demand for food safety testing targeting the detection of pathogenic mold and bacteria on agricultural products. This risk extends to medicalCannabisand is of particular concern with inhaled, vaporized and even concentratedCannabisproducts.As a result, third party microbial testing has become a regulatory requirement in the medical and recreationalCannabismarkets, yet knowledge of theCannabismicrobiome is limited. Here we describe the first next generation sequencing survey of the fungal communities found in dispensary basedCannabisflowers by ITS2 sequencing, and demonstrate the sensitive detection of several toxigenicPenicilliumandAspergillusspecies, includingP. citrinum and P. paxilli,that were not detected by one or more culture-based methods currently in use for safety testing.

scholarly journals Language and translation practices of Spanish-language newspapers published in the U.S. borderlands between 1808 and 1930

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gasca Jiménez ◽  
Maira E. Álvarez ◽  
Sylvia Fernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This article examines the impact of the anglicizing language policies implemented after the annexation of the U.S. borderlands to the United States on language use by describing the language and translation practices of Spanish-language newspapers published in the U.S. borderlands across different sociohistorical periods from 1808 to 1930. Sixty Hispanic-American newspapers (374 issues) from 1808 to 1980 were selected for analysis. Despite aggressive anglicizing legislation that caused a societal shift of language use from Spanish into English in most borderland states after the annexation, the current study suggests that the newspapers resisted assimilation by adhering to the Spanish language in the creation of original content and in translation.

An Exploration of Bank Confirmation Process Automation: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Caster ◽  
Randal J. Elder ◽  
Diane J. Janvrin
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
The U.S

This exploratory study examines automation of the bank confirmation process using longitudinal data set from the largest third-party U.S. confirmation service provider supplemented with informal interviews with practitioners. We find a significant increase in electronic confirmation use in the U.S. and internationally. Errors requiring reconfirmation were less than two percent of all electronic confirmations. Errors made by auditors were almost five times more likely than errors by bank employees. Most auditor errors involved use of an invalid account number, although invalid client contact, invalid request, and invalid company name errors increased recently. Big 4 auditors made significantly more confirmation errors than did auditors at non-Big 4 national firms. Error rates and error types do not vary between confirmations initiated in the U.S. and those initiated internationally. Three themes emerged for future research: authentication of evidence, global differences in technology use, and technology adoption across firms of different sizes.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrew Byers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
War Department ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

This chapter provides an overview of why the U.S. Army sought to address perceived problems caused by soldiers’ sexual interactions with civilians and other soldiers as the army deployed across the Caribbean and into the Pacific and Europe in the early twentieth century. Military planners, army leaders, War Department officials, and civilian observers of the military were intensely concerned about issues related to sexuality because they tended to believe that soldiers had irrepressible sexual needs that could cause harm to the army. The army also believed that by instituting a series of legal regulations and medical interventions, it could mitigate the damages to the institution arising from sex, while also shaping soldiers’ sexuality in ways the army and interested civilian parties might find more acceptable. The chapter describes the research methodology and chapter overviews for the book as a whole.

Benefit Plan Cybersecurity Considerations

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Timothy Rouse ◽  
David N. Levine ◽  
Allison Itami ◽  
Benjamin Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Benefit Plan ◽  
Retirement Plan ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. has no comprehensive national law governing cybersecurity and no uniform framework for measuring the effectiveness of protections, though retirement plan record keepers maintain the personally identifiable information on millions of workers, collecting names, birth dates, social security numbers, and beneficiaries. Plan sponsors frequently engage consultants and attorneys to help them secure sensitive data, but more work is necessary to engage a larger discussion around this issue. The SPARK Institute has outlined a flexible approach for an independent third-party reporting of cyber security capabilities with several key control objectives.

Application of Fuzzy Logic to Fraud Detection

2005 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Lenard ◽  
Pervaiz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Fraud ◽  
Fraudulent Financial Reporting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Financial Reporting Fraud

In light of recent reporting of the failures of some of the major publicly-held companies in the U.S. (e.g., Enron & WorldCom), it has become increasingly important that management, auditors, analysts, and regulators be able to assess and identify fraudulent financial reporting. The Enron and WorldCom failures illustrate that financial reporting fraud could have disastrous consequences both for stockholders and employees. These recent failures have not only adversely affected the U.S. accounting profession but have also raised serious questions about the credibility of financial statements. KPMG (2003) reports seven broad categories of fraud experienced by U.S. businesses and governments: employee fraud (60%), consumer fraud (32%), third-party fraud (25%), computer crime (18%), misconduct (15%), medical/insurance fraud (12%), and financial reporting fraud (7%). Even though it occurred with least frequency, the average cost of financial reporting fraud was the highest, at $257 million, followed by the cost of medical/insurance fraud (average cost of $33.7 million).

scholarly journals Observing Supreme Court Oral Argument: A Biosocial Approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Schubert ◽  
Steven A. Peterson ◽  
Glendon Schubert ◽  
Stephen Wasby
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
Oral Argument ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
The U.S

Supreme Court oral argument (OA) is one of many face-to-face settings of political interaction. This article describes a methodology for the systematic observation and measurement of behavior in OA developed in a study of over 300 randomly selected cases from the 1969-1981 terms of the U.S. Supreme Court. Five sources of observation are integrated into the OA database at the speaking turn level of analysis: the actual text of verbal behavior; categorical behavior codes; aspects of language use and speech behavior events; electro-acoustical measurement of voice quality; and content analysis of subject matter. Preliminary data are presented to illustrate the methodology and its application to theoretical concerns of the research project.

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