scholarly journals Exploring the cultural conceptualization of emotions across national language varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-74
Author(s):  
Augusto Soares da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
National Language ◽  
Multivariate Statistic ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Statistic Modeling ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Conceptual Variation

Abstract Supporting the hypothesis that emotions are culturally constructed, this article compares the cultural conceptualization of pride in European and Brazilian Portuguese (EP/BP). Individualistic/collectivistic as well as other cultural influences that determine the conceptual variation of pride in pluricentric Portuguese are examined. Adopting a sociocognitive view of language and applying a multifactorial usage-feature and profile-based methodology, this study combines a feature-based qualitative analysis of 500 occurrences of orgulho ‘pride’ and vaidade ‘vanity’ from a corpus of blogs with their subsequent multivariate statistic modeling. The multiple correspondence analysis reveals two clusters of features, namely, self-centered pride and other-directed pride. Logistic regression confirmed that EP appears to be more associated with other-directed pride, which is in line with the more collectivist and restrained Portuguese culture, whereas BP is more connected with self-centered pride. Accordingly, morally good pride is salient in EP. Brazil’s high power distance can also explain the prominence of negative and bad pride in BP.

Triglossia and Swahili-English bilingualism in Tanzania

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Abdulaziz Mkilifi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
National Language ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Code Mixing

ABSTRACTThe paper addresses itself to the study of the sociological correlates of speech behaviour among bilingual speakers of English and Swahili in Tanzania. Factors influencing language maintenance, code-switching and code-mixing are discussed. Four main phases of language acquisition are considered: the pre-primary school phase, the primary school phase, the secondary-school phase, and the post-secondary school phase.Three languages with both varying and overlapping roles interact, creating a triglossia situation: first the vernacular or mother-tongue of each particular ethno-cultural group; secondly Swahili, the local lingua franca and national language; thirdly English, the predominant language of higher learning and to a certain extent of official and commercial business.The paper also discusses the diglossia relationship between the vernacular and Swahili on the one hand and Swahili and English on the other. The developmental state of the languages is dealt with in terms of socially ‘restricted’ and ‘elaborated’ codes.Urban life tends to impose its own socio-cultural influences on the bilinguals. There is free shifting and mixing between Swahili and English interlocutors, topics and setting.Lastly the paper raises questions of the sociological and linguistic consequences of the multilingual situation. (Multilingualism, diglossia; code-switching; code-mixing; Swahili; English, national language problems.)

scholarly journals Gramática na Aquisição da Linguagem: o desenho da Fonologia (Grammar in Language Acquisition: the design of Phonology)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Carmen Lúcia Barreto Matzenauer
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Feature Based

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a construção gradativa da gramática no processo de aquisição da fonologia por crianças falantes nativas do português do Brasil, com foco na constituição do inventário de segmentos consonantais. A sistematicidade do processo pôde ser reconhecida e explicitada com os pressupostos teóricos propostos por Clements ([2005] 2009), que apresenta, com base em traços distintivos, princípios que, de forma interativa, são determinantes da organização de inventários fonológicos das línguas. A análise, com fundamento em dois princípios chamados neste estudo – o Princípio de Robustez e o Princípio de Economia de Traços –, pôde trazer evidências de que há tendências universais subjacentes à formação das gramáticas fonológicas das crianças em fase de aquisição da linguagem, assim como ocorre em relação à constituição dos inventários fonológicos das línguas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aquisição fonológica. Inventário consonantal. Princípios universais. ABSTRACTThis paper presents a reflection on the gradual construction of grammar in the process of phonological acquisition by children who are native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on the constitution of the consonantal segment inventory. The systematicity of the process could be recognized and explained by Clements’ theoretical presuppositions ([2005] 2009), whose distinctive feature-based principles, in an interactive way, have determined the organization of the phonological inventories of languages. Based on two principles – Robustness and Feature Economy –, the analysis that was carried out in this study could evidence that there are universal tendencies underlying the formation of children’s phonological grammars in their language acquisition process, as well as in the constitution of the phonological inventories of languages. KEY-WORDS: Phonological acquisition. Consonantal inventory. Universal principles.  

scholarly journals Visual and auditory cues of assertions and questions in brazilian portuguese and Mexican Spanishy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Luma da Silva Miranda ◽  
Carolina Gomes da Silva ◽  
João Antônio de Moraes ◽  
Albert Rilliard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Language Varieties

The aim of this paper is to compare the multimodal production of questions in two different language varieties: Brazilian Portuguese and Mexican Spanish. Descriptions of the auditory and visual cues of two speech acts, assertions and questions, are presented based on Brazilian and Mexican corpora. The sentence “Como você sabe” was produced as an yes-no (echo) question and an assertion by ten speakers (five male) from Rio de Janeiro and the sentence “Apaga la tele” was produced as a yes-no question and an assertion by five speakers (three male) from Mexico City. The results show that, whereas the Brazilian Portuguese and Mexican Spanish assertions are produced with different F0 contours and different facial expressions, questions in both languages are produced with specific F0 contours but similar facial expressions. The outcome of this comparative study suggests that lowering the eyebrows, tightening the lid and wrinkling the nose can be considered question markers in both language varieties.

scholarly journals L1 phonological effects on L2 (non-)naïve perception: A cross-language investigation of the oral–nasal vowel contrast in Brazilian Portuguese

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832110449
Author(s):  
Ruth Maria Martinez ◽  
Heather Goad ◽  
Michael Dow
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vowel Systems ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
Caribbean Spanish ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Vowel Contrast ◽  
Cross Language

Feature-based approaches to acquisition principally focus on second language (L2) learners’ ability to perceive non-native consonants when the features required are either contrastively present or entirely absent from the first language (L1) grammar. As features may function contrastively or allophonically in the consonant and/or vowel systems of a language, we expand the scope of this research to address whether features that function contrastively in the L1 vowel system can be recombined to yield new vowels in the L2; whether features that play a contrastive role in the L1 consonant system can be reassigned to build new vowels in the L2; and whether L1 allophonic features can be ‘elevated’ to contrastive status in the L2. We examine perception of the oral–nasal contrast in Brazilian Portuguese listeners from French, English, Caribbean Spanish, and non-Caribbean Spanish backgrounds, languages that differ in the status assigned to [nasal] in their vowel systems. An AXB discrimination task revealed that, although all language groups succeeded in perceiving the non-naïve contrast /e/–/ẽ/ due to their previous exposure to Québec French while living in Montréal, Canada, only French and Caribbean Spanish speakers succeeded in discriminating the naïve contrast /i/–/ĩ/. These findings suggest that feature redeployment at first exposure is only possible if the feature is contrastive in the L1 vowel system (French) or if the feature is allophonic but variably occurs in contrastive contexts in the L1 vowel system (Caribbean Spanish). With more exposure to a non-native contrast, however, feature redeployment from consonant to vowel systems was also supported, as was the possibility that allophonic features may be elevated to contrastive status in the L2.

Malay: A short history

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
K. Alexander Adelaar
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
National Language ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Short History ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThis article follows the development of Malay from prehistorical times to the present. After a brief overview of the variety of languages in Southeast Asia and Oceania, the position of Malay within the Austronesian language family is discussed as well as the Malay homeland. The history of Malay is followed throughout its most important stages, from the period of the oldest written evidence in the late 7th century AD to the age of the Malaccan sultanate in the 15th-16th centuries, the colonial period in which Malay became the most important language in all domains of public life except in the highest echelons, and the present post-independence period in which Malay has become the national language in four states of Southeast Asia. Attention is also given to sociolinguistic differentiation, to foreign influences, to the engineering planning and manipulation of Malay in recent times and to its role as a vehicle for the spread of several religions and foreign (Indian, Mid-eastern, European) cultural influences.

scholarly journals Management factors associated to the duration of postpartum anoestrus interval in Brown Swiss and Pirenaica beef cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
A. Sanz ◽  
A. Bernués ◽  
I. Casasús ◽  
D. Villalba ◽  
R. Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Multivariate Statistic ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Calving Season

A global analysis of several productive indicators and the postpartum anoestrous interval (PPI) of 549 beef cowswas carried out to determine the management factors related with postpartum ovarian reactivation in extensive mountainfarming systems. Multivariate statistic methods (Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were usedto analyse the data due to the multifactorial nature of the processes involved. PPI was associated to four factors thatexplained 59% of the total inertia of the sample and were defined as follows: «Prepartum feeding level» (19% of theinertia), «Postpartum feeding level-Parity» (16.4%), «Suckling frequency» (13%) and «Calving difficulty» (10.5%).These factors were introduced into a Cluster Analysis that identified five types of cows: «Primiparous cows», «Twicedailysuckling», «Ad libitum suckling-Brown Swiss», «Autumn calving season» and «Spring calving season». Cowbreed was not related to PPI, although the Cluster Analysis associated the suckling-induced prolonged PPI with BrownSwiss animals. In Brown Swiss breed, PPI was longer in the spring than in the autumn due to nutritional differencesrather than to a seasonal effect. Autumn calving was better adapted to dry mountain conditions.

Introduction

Pragmatics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Kyratzis ◽  
Jennifer F. Reynolds ◽  
Ann-Carita Evaldsson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Language ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Play Interactions

The five articles in this issue examine how children, in naturally occurring school and neighborhood peer and sibling-kin groups across a variety of cultures and societies, socialize one another to do heteroglossia, drawing upon a diverse repertoire of linguistic and discursive forms in their everyday cultural practices. Through the use of ethnographic techniques for recording natural conversations, they demonstrate how children, in their peer play interactions, make use of and juxtapose multiple linguistic and cultural resources at their disposal in linguistically diverse and stratified settings. The analyses provide detailed insights into children’s heteroglossic verbal practices (Bakhtin 1981, 1986), that is, their use and differentiation of multiple codes and registers in the creation and negotiation of social distinctions. Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia addresses the dialogic relationship between multiple and sometimes conflicting codes or registers and the larger socio-political and socio-historical meanings that are negotiated through those linguistic forms. In particular, the concept refers to tensions between the multiplicities of language varieties within a national language, which are drawing it towards a standard central version, and those that are moving away from national standards through hybrid linguistic forms of official and unofficial languages. Research on heteroglossia entails an examination of how speakers indexically hail socio-historical tensions and contradictions in situated instances of language use that result in the regimentation of codes and associated notions of collective membership and personhood (Blommaert & Verschueren 1998; Hill & Hill 1986; Kroskrity 2000; Pujolar 2001; Schieffelin 1994; Silverstein 2003; Woolard 1998, 1999). Bailey (2007) recently remarked that much of the sociolinguistic and discourse analytic work on code-switching and other so-called syncretistic discourse practices are productively reinterpreted through the prism of heteroglossia, which attends equally to monolingual and multilingual forms. The perspective of heteroglossia allows the analyst to focus on alternations of officially authorized codes and languages, without neglecting “the diversity of socially indexical linguistic features within codes” (Bailey 2007: 268). As will be demonstrated in the articles, the concept of heteroglossia provides a conceptual framework that draws from diverse traditions that address different social and temporal scales while simultaneously attending to the indexical and meta-pragmatic properties of language.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND THE VIEW OF CONTEXT: A PLS-STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Ferrante ◽  
◽  
Claudia Venuleo ◽  
Simone Rollo
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Adaptive Responses

"The idea of Internet use as a way to face psychosocial malaise is growing in the scientific literature about Problematic Internet Use (PIU). The present study, assuming the Semiotic Cultural Psycho-social Theory (SCPT) (Salvatore, 2018) as theoretical framework, postulates and emphasizes that the context in which the subject is embedded provide the symbolic resources, which ground the way adolescents perceive, experience, and therefore deal with the material and social world, including the likelihood of using the Internet as a way to facing life problems and difficulties. SCTP adopts the term “Symbolic Universes” (SU) to denote affect-laden assumptions concerning the world which may (or not) promote adaptive responses. Specifically, the present study aimed to test a mediation model in which each Symbolic Universes (i.e. independent variable) is associated with the psychosocial malaise in terms of social anxiety, loneliness, and negative emotions (i.e. mediator variable), which in turn has effects on PIU (i.e. dependent variable). Measures of PIU (GPIUS), symbolic universes (VOC), negative affect (PANAS), social anxiety (IAS), loneliness (ILs) among a total of 764 Southern Italy youths aged from 13 to 19 (mean age =15.05 ± 1.152). A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was firstly run to detect SU; a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was then performed on R for testing the hypothesized mediation model. The results demonstrated that Symbolic Universes characterized by anomie and unreliability of the social context are associated with adolescents’ PIU though the mediation of social anxiety, loneliness, and negative emotions. Overall, findings suggest that within an anomic and unreliable scenario, PIU might acquire the meaning of a way to face life in an environment that seems meaningless, uncertain, and detrimental. On the plane of intervention, this points to the need for programs that address social and cultural influences in youths’ Internet use."

scholarly journals The influence of national culture on organizational subcultures and leadership styles in Serbian enterprises: An empirical analysis

Sociologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Mojic
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
National Culture ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Organizational Subcultures ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
High Uncertainty

The main intention of this study was to analyze cultural influences on leadership styles and organizational subcultures in Serbian enterprises. Hofstede's well-known research about national cultures has been used as the theoretical framework for examining the above-mentioned organizational phenomena. The results of the study confirmed earlier findings about national culture in Serbia, which is characterized by high Power Distance, high Uncertainty Avoidance, strong Collectivism and, mostly, "feminine" values. As for leadership, the study reveals that authoritative style is absolutely prevailing pattern of managerial behavior in Serbian enterprises.

Structuring subjectivity in Asian Englishes

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Deshors
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Regression Tree Analysis ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Varietal Variation

This study investigates the usage patterns of four near-synonymous mental predicates (believe, guess, suppose and think) across three Asian ESL (English as a Second Language) varieties as well as British and American Englishes. Using two multivariate techniques, multiple correspondence analysis and classification and regression tree analysis, the study shows the benefits of exploring cross-varietal variation through the lens of lexicalization patterns. The study also demonstrates that to make sense of semantic patterns it is crucial to account for extra-linguistic factors such as genre, as different ESL writers structure the meaning of believe, guess, suppose and think differently depending on their type of writing. Ultimately, in the broader context of the emancipation of ESL varieties, the results raise important questions about the developmental process of Asian Englishes and the place that semantic structure holds in this endeavor.

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