scholarly journals Management factors associated to the duration of postpartum anoestrus interval in Brown Swiss and Pirenaica beef cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
A. Sanz ◽  
A. Bernués ◽  
I. Casasús ◽  
D. Villalba ◽  
R. Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Multivariate Statistic ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Calving Season

A global analysis of several productive indicators and the postpartum anoestrous interval (PPI) of 549 beef cowswas carried out to determine the management factors related with postpartum ovarian reactivation in extensive mountainfarming systems. Multivariate statistic methods (Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were usedto analyse the data due to the multifactorial nature of the processes involved. PPI was associated to four factors thatexplained 59% of the total inertia of the sample and were defined as follows: «Prepartum feeding level» (19% of theinertia), «Postpartum feeding level-Parity» (16.4%), «Suckling frequency» (13%) and «Calving difficulty» (10.5%).These factors were introduced into a Cluster Analysis that identified five types of cows: «Primiparous cows», «Twicedailysuckling», «Ad libitum suckling-Brown Swiss», «Autumn calving season» and «Spring calving season». Cowbreed was not related to PPI, although the Cluster Analysis associated the suckling-induced prolonged PPI with BrownSwiss animals. In Brown Swiss breed, PPI was longer in the spring than in the autumn due to nutritional differencesrather than to a seasonal effect. Autumn calving was better adapted to dry mountain conditions.

scholarly journals Patterns of Italian high school and university students’ attitudes towards physics: an analysis based on semiotic-cultural perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo Testa ◽  
Raffaele De Luca Picione ◽  
Umberto Scotti di Uccio
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse Italian high school and university students’ attitudes towards physics using the Semiotic Cultural Psychological Theory (SCPT). In the SCPT framework, attitudes represent how individuals interpret their experience through the mediation of generalized meaning with which they are identified. A view-of-physics questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data with 1603 high school and university students. Data were analysed through multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. We identified four generalized meanings of physics: (a) interesting and important for society; (b) a quite interesting, but badly taught subject at school and not completely useful for society; (c) difficult to study and irrelevant for society; and (d) a fascinating and protective niche from society. The identified generalized meanings are significantly correlated to the choice to study physics at undergraduate level and to the choice of attending physics-related activities in high school. Implications for research are discussed.

scholarly journals 80 Evaluation of extended release eprinomectin efficacy on multiparous beef cow performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Laine Zammit ◽  
Jermey G Powell ◽  
Reagan N Cauble ◽  
Toby D Lester ◽  
Callan Lichtenwalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Fall Calving

Abstract Internal parasitism inevitability prompts economic loss in beef cattle production by decreasing growth performance and reproductive traits. Previous studies have conflicting results on the macrocyclic lactones (ML) efficacy against internal parasitism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of milbeymycin and avermectin sub groups of ML on cow performance. Multiparous fall calving, crossbred beef cows (n = 106) were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 anthelmintic treatments: 1) Negative control (CON), in which cows did not receive an anthelmintic, 2) Injectable moxidectin (MOX) and 3) Injectable extended release eprinomectin (ERE). Body weights (BW), body condition scores (BCS), and fecal egg counts (FEC) were taken throughout the duration of the calving season to weaning on d0, d80, d162, and d217, with weaning occurring on d217. Performance data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures of SAS, and pregnancy data were analyzed using the GENMOD procedures of SAS. Significance was fixed at P < 0.05 and tendencies were established from 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.10. There was no effect of anthelmintic treatment on cow BW (P ≥ 0.57) or cow BCS (P ≥ 0.22) during the 217 d study; however, CON cows tended to have lower BCS (P = 0.08) throughout the duration of the study. Cows treated with ERE had fewer FEC compared to MOX and CON groups (P ≤ 0.001) and tended to improve pregnancy rates (c2 = 0.0546). Calf weaning weight was similar among treatments averaging 216, 225, and 223 kg regarding CON, MOX, and ERE cow treatments, respectively.

Pflegebedürftigkeit unterscheiden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Michael Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Need For Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Measurement And Analysis

In Germany, a new assessment system (the NBA) is being applied to assess the need for long-term care. The degree of care that is calculated defines the extent of welfare state benefits. Measuring and analysing the need for care in a statistically appropriate way is subject to certain preconditions. This book presents multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) in combination with cluster analysis (HCA) as an innovative methodological approach to dealing with this challenge. The first part provides a theoretical discussion of the need for care; the second part describes MCA and HCA in detail using an example. The book is aimed at all those involved in the measurement and analysis of the need for care.

LACTATION PERFORMANCE OF RANGE BEEF AND DAIRY-BEEF COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH BUTSON ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than

A milking experiment with range, single-suckled beef cows was conducted over two lactations in 1976 and 1977 at the University of Alberta Research Ranch. A total of 428 cows were milked, ranging from 2 to 10 yr of age and representing four breed groups of Herefords and crossbreds of traditional beef and dairy breeds. Measurements of milk were taken in June and September each year. Milk was extracted following an intrajugular injection of 20 IU of oxytocin. Samples were analyzed for butterfat percent, protein percent and lactose percent. Age and breed of dam differences in milk yields, constituent percentages and yields were assessed. Least squares means of yields pooled over the two periods each year indicated that dams with Holstein and Brown Swiss breeding (DS) yielded more milk than beef crossbreds and purebred Herefords. Average milk yields estimated over 24 h ranged from 5.7 kg/day for Herefords to 7.8 kg/day for DS dams. Compared to 2-yr olds at 100%, 3-yr olds produced 125%, 4-yr olds 136% and mature cows 139% greater yield. The difference between June and September yields was evident between breed groups. Hereford milk production exhibited the greatest decline over 87 days compared to all other crossbreds and DS were the most persistent. Mature cows maintained milk yields better than younger cows, and 2-yr old milk yields declined most noticeably. All crossbred groups produced less butterfat percent and lactose percent content than the Herefords, yet yielded more total energy. All constituent percentages were higher than those reported for commercial dairy cattle. All constituent percentages increased significantly from June to September at approximately 130 days in lactation. A significant decline was noted for all constituent yields in September. Dairy crossbreds demonstrated the highest persistency for all constituent yields. Beef Synthetic dams were intermediate in yield persistency. Average milk yields had negative (P < 0.05) correlations with average constituent percentages. Inter-correlations among constituent percentages were variable and generally small and negative. Key words: Lactation, range cows

scholarly journals 86 Factors affecting beef calf vigor at birth: Dam peripartum body condition score, calving season, and calf size

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Lindsey G Wichman ◽  
Colby A Redifer ◽  
Natalie B Duncan ◽  
Craig A Payne ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Abdominal Girth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract To determine effects of cow BCS and calving season on calf vigor and size and the relationship of calf size with vigor, 310 multiparous and primiparous beef cows (age: 4.6 ± 2.2 yr; BW: 663 ± 86 kg; BCS: 5.3 ± 0.6) from 3 spring (2015, 2016, 2017) and 4 fall (2015, 2017, 2018, 2019) calving seasons were observed during parturition. Time to stand (n = 191) was determined as minutes from birth to standing successfully for 5 sec. Within 24 h, calf BW (n = 187) and size [shoulder to tailhead length (STL), heart girth (HG), and abdominal girth (AG; n = 154)] were recorded. Data were analyzed using a mixed model containing effects of calving season (spring and fall), BCS category (&lt; 5, =5, ≥6), and their interaction. Correlations were determined between time to stand and calf measurements separately for spring (n = 79) versus fall (n = 111). Cows with BCS &lt; 5 gave birth to lighter (P = 0.02) calves that tended to have a faster (P ≤ 0.13) time to stand than =5 and ≥6. Calves from cows with BCS ≥6 tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.09) STL than =5 and &lt; 5. Calves from cows with BCS &lt; 5 had smaller (P = 0.13) HG than =5. Fall-born calves tended to have smaller (P ≤ 0.06) BW, HG, and AG than spring-born calves. Within fall calves, there tended to be a positive relationship (r = 0.16; P = 0.09) between time to stand and calf BW. Despite this, spring calves had a negative relationship (r = -0.26; P = 0.02) between time to stand and calf BW. In conclusion, cow BCS and calving season affect calf size and may affect calf vigor. These data suggest that calving season may dictate the relationship between calf vigor and size.

scholarly journals Reproduction performance of beef cattle mated naturally following synchronization in the Central Bushveld bioregion of South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
SM Grobler ◽  
MM Scholtz ◽  
JPC Greyling ◽  
FWC Neser
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
First Year ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Main Component

The estimated calving percentage of beef cattle is 62% in the commercial sector of South Africa. Fertility is regarded as the main component influencing total herd efficiency in beef cattle. If the long calving seasons can be shortened and the calving percentage increased, more and heavier calves with a more uniform age can be weaned. Cows calving earlier in the season also have an extended “recovery period” and have the opportunity to calve in a better body condition during the next season, compared to cows calving late in the season. Cows that calve early also have a better chance of conceiving in the next breeding season and are generally seen as the more fertile animals. Research has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of oestrous synchronization followed by natural mating on the calving rate and calving distribution of multiparous beef cows. In this trial Bonsmara cows were mated naturally after synchronization over a period of four years (2009 - 2012) in an extensive production system on natural sour-mixed bushveld. The synchronized cows calved earlier during the 2009 calving season and cows in anoestrus started cycling again. The average days-to-calving after the start of the breeding season was 243 days for the synchronized cows and 267 for the non-synchronized cows. The calves born from the synchronized cows were therefore, on average, 24 days older than the calves born from the non-synchronized cows. From 2010 onwards the difference declined and it seems the biggest effect was obtained during the first year of synchronization.Keywords: Beef cattle, Marikana thorn veld, natural mating, oestrous synchronization

scholarly journals Factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 by beef suckler cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. SYNGE ◽  
M. E. CHASE-TOPPING ◽  
G. F. HOPKINS ◽  
I. J. McKENDRICK ◽  
F. THOMSON-CARTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Record Management ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Beef Suckler

A study was designed to investigate management factors that might influence the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 by beef cows in Scotland, where there is a particularly high rate of human infection. Thirty-two herds were visited at least monthly over approximately 1 year for collection of fresh faecal pat samples and information on management factors. The faecal pat samples were tested for VTEC O157 by established culture and immunomagnetic separation methods. Questionnaires were completed at the monthly visits to record management factors. Data were analysed using both univariate and multi-factor (GLMM) analysis. Changes in the number of cows in a group, dogs, wild geese, housing, and the feeding of draff (distillers' grains) were statistically significant as risk factors. The event of calving appeared to reduce the likelihood of shedding. Any effects of weaning or turnout were not statistically significant. It appears that the rate of shedding of VTEC O157 is influenced by several factors but possibly the most important of these are the circumstances of animals being housed, or, when outside, the presence of wild geese.

EVALUATION OF BULL AND COW FERTILITY AT PASTURE IN SINGLE-SIRE MATING

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
A. FARID ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Daily Gain

Pregnancy rates and calving dates of beef cows in 27 single-sire breeding herds mated to yearling or 2-yr old bulls were used in this study. The breed groups of bulls were Hereford and Beef Synthetic and cow herds were Hereford, Hereford cross and Beef Synthetic, respectively. A week before the start of the breeding season the bulls were scored for libido, their scrotal circumferences were measured and semen samples were collected. Semen volume, sperm motility and percent normal cells were evaluated. The average bull to cow ratio was 1:20. Pregnancy rate increased as age and body weight of cows increased, but it was independent of the previous calving date. Calving date was not related to body weight or age of cow, but it was influenced by the previous calving date. Each day delay in calving after the first 5 wk of calving season resulted in a 0.7-day delay in the date of calving during the next calving season. The Beef Synthetic-sired herds had higher pregnancy rates (P < 0.05) than the Hereford-sired herds, but the average calving dates of the two groups were similar. Cows mated to 2-yr-old bulls had 5% higher (P = 0.12) pregnancy rate than those mated to yearling bulls. Five of the herds showed low fertility and late calving, probably due to low fertility of the bulls. Yearling weight and feedlot average daily gain were positively (P < 0.05) related to bull fertility. The number of services performed by a bull during a 10 min libido test and total libido score were also found to be useful in assessing bull fertility, but scrotal circumference or semen traits were not related to fertility of bulls when used in single-sire mating at pasture. Key words: Beef cattle, bull fertility, single-sire mating

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