A comparative critical metaphor analysis on the concept of democracy in Turkish and American English

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-566
Author(s):  
Melike Baş
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Critical Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Political Term ◽  
The Way

Abstract This corpus-based study concentrates on the metaphorical conceptualizations of the concept of ‘democracy’ in Turkish and American English to find out how this socio-political term is conceptually represented in the minds of Turkish and American speakers. The database consists of 4000 concordance lines that were extracted from four different corpora: TNCv3.0, TS Columns, COCA, and NOW. Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black, 2004) and MIP (Pragglejaz, 2007) were employed in the identification, explanation and interpretation of metaphors. Findings indicate various linguistic metaphors that can be grouped under several source domain categories including physical object, conflict and living organism as the most frequent ones. The most widespread metaphor in Turkish is democracy is a destination, whereas it is democracy is war in American English, embodying two different worldviews. The study proposes that the way the concept of democracy is composed has a role in manipulating people’s perception of the type of a democracy they are ruled by.

Communicating attitudes through metaphor

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-157
Author(s):  
Jurga Cibulskienė
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Euro Adoption ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Critical Metaphor Analysis ◽  
The Media

Abstract Metaphor analysis in real-world discourse is increasingly becoming the focus of many cognitive studies. Accordingly, this paper seeks to investigate how euro adoption in Lithuania in 2015 was metaphorically communicated by the media. The study is carried out within the framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), which was developed by Charteris-Black (2005, 2011), Musolff (2008), Hart (2010). Thus, a three-step metaphor analysis procedure (Identified→ Interpreted→ Explained) was employed in order to analyze the attitude towards euro adoption presented in Lithuanian media. The findings show that the euro is most frequently conceptualized as a living organism with different scenarios (active agent and passive agent) being realized linguistically. In the final stage – explanation – metaphors were analyzed from a rhetorical perspective, which means that an attempt was made to look into how metaphors communicate positive or negative attitudes about euro adoption in the media. The results demonstrate that personification of the euro makes the idea of euro adoption more understandable, it activates a range of emotions and evaluates it. This leads to further insights about the way the media exercises its power in an attempt to persuade people and manipulate their attitudes, emotions and opinions.

What Time Does in Language: a Cross-Linguistic Cognitive Study of Source Related Variation in Verbal Time Metaphors in American English, Finnish and Hungarian

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Máthé
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
American English ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Cognitive Study

"What Time Does in Language: a Cross-Linguistic Cognitive Study of Source Related Variation in Verbal Time Metaphors in American English, Finnish and Hungarian. Such a universal yet abstract concept as time shows variation in metaphorical language. This research focuses on metaphorical language within the framework of the cognitive metaphor theory, investigating time through a contrastive cross-linguistic approach in three satellite-framed languages. By combining qualitative and quantitative methods, this study attempts to identify what time does in language in a metaphorical context, with a focus on verbs in causative constructions (e.g. time heals) as well as manner of motion verbs (e.g. time rushes), through an empirical corpus-based study complemented by the lexical approach. The two main conceptual metaphors that are investigated in this study are TIME IS A CHANGER and TIME IS A MOVING ENTITY. While these two conceptual metaphors are expected to be frequent in all three languages, differences such as negative/positive asymmetry or preference of a type of motion over another are expected to be found. The primary objective is to explore such differences and see how they manifest and why. The hypothesis is that variations among the three languages related to the source domain (CHANGER and MOVING ENTITY), are more likely to be internal and not external. The purpose is to investigate these variations and to determine what cognitive underpinnings they can be traced back to, with a focus on image schemas. The study reveals that source internal variation does prevail over source external variation. The results show that cross-linguistic differences of such a relevant concept as time do exist but more often through unique characteristics of the same source domain rather than new, distinctive domains. Keywords: cognitive linguistics, corpus linguistics, conceptual metaphor theory, metaphorical entailments, source domain "

Conceptual metaphor and media bias: a critical metaphor analysis of British and American mainstream media reports on the Hong Kong riots

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Xuan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Media Bias ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Critical Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Media Reports

Abstract This article makes a comparative analysis of the use of metaphors in the Hong Kong riot reports by British and American mainstream media. The analysis reveals the conceptualization process of events and finds that the use of metaphors is mainly concentrated in the war domain, the flare domain, and the natural forces domain.

Brexit and the Myth of Grandeur

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma-Pierre Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
European Project ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Critical Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Political Ground

The decision by the United Kingdom to leave the European Union came as a shock to many. A key player during the referendum campaign was the Vote Leave organisation which managed to convince people that they would be better off outside the European project. Their success was made all the easier as Euroscepticism had been running deep in the country for decades. It is on this fertile ground that Vote Leavers drew to persuade people of the necessity to leave. Using critical metaphor analysis, this paper examines the way Vote Leavers won the argument by developing three political myths, which, once combined, conjured up the notion of British grandeur. Drawing on Jonathan Charteris-Black’s seminal works on the relation between metaphors and the creation of political myths in political rhetoric, this paper posits that the Brexit debate was not won solely on political ground and that the manipulative power of metaphors may have also been a key element. This might explain the current political deadlock, as political solutions might not provide the answers to the questions raised during the campaign.

The nature of domains and the relationships between them in metaphorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Szwedek
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
The World ◽  
Ultimate Source ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Objective Being

In 2011 I proposed a new approach to metaphor analysis and typology, based on the strict distinction between the material and phenomenological worlds. I concluded that the ultimate source domain (experiential basis) is the world of physical objects. The present paper develops these ideas, presenting a more detailed analysis of each of the metaphor types. Thus, I claim that the concrete-to-concrete metaphors are based on metonymy and abstract-to-concrete on the OBJECT schema. Abstract-to-abstract metaphorization falls into two traditional types: structural and orientational metaphors. As to the former, I show that the vague expressions “more concrete domain” or “more abstract domain” can be made clearer by considering the ontological status of the component elements of the domain: the “more concrete” domain has more elements of physical ontology. Orientational metaphors have been found to be only superficially orientational, their true objective being valuation. I conclude that all these metaphor types eventually refer to the world of physical objects for their experiential basis.

Mobile Technology and the Gulf Society

2011 ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. Sabry ◽  
Ahmed Al-Nakeeb ◽  
Khalid W. Alrawi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Technology Growth ◽  
The Way

Globally, mobile technology alters the way individuals and groups conduct their day-to-day activities. It impacts on business, culture and society, as it changes the way people communicate, do business, socialise, and has considerable effect on its user’s perception and attitude. This chapter reviews and explores mobile technology growth in the Gulf region with particular focus on the use of mobile phones in the UAE. It further explores, through a snapshot survey, people’s perception, attitude, and possible implications of the technology on their behaviour. Based on the review and results of the survey we conclude with a discussion, recommendations and suggestions for future research.

A corpus-based study of metaphors used to describe Syrian refugees in Jordanian politico-economic discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-663
Author(s):  
Aseel Zibin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Economic Discourse ◽  
Critical Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Internal Struggle ◽  
The One

Abstract This study aims to examine the metaphors used to describe Syrian refugees in Jordanian politico-economic discourse, adopting a Critical Metaphor Analysis Approach for data analysis. I compiled a specialised corpus containing political and economic articles from two daily Jordanian newspapers. The data was analysed using WordSmith Tools (Scott 2012), which is compatible with Arabic data. The data analysis reveals that several metaphors are used to describe Syrian refugees in Jordanian politico-economic discourse. The majority of metaphors employed have negative connotations in the contexts in which they are used, especially in the years 2015 and 2016 compared with 2012. The metaphors used reflect the internal struggle of Jordanians in relation to whether Syrian refugees should stay or leave. The struggle stems from deeply-entrenched Arab traditions, which make receiving guests perceived as a duty on the one hand, and the economic struggle of Jordanians living in a fragile economy, on the other.

The ‘bad’ and exceptionally ‘good’: constructing the African refugee

2020 ◽  
pp. 1329878X2092654
Author(s):  
Rohan Miller Davis
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
African Refugees ◽  
Daily Telegraph ◽  
African Refugee ◽  
The Way

An increase in refugees entering Australia from Africa, particularly Sudan, in recent times has inspired debate about the implications associated with immigration. Combining insights from the fields of discourse theory and metaphor analysis, this work explores the construction of the African refugee as presented in the Australian tabloid news media newspapers the Herald Sun and The Daily Telegraph. Special attention is dedicated to how the ‘bad’ and ‘good’ African refugees have been constructed. While the constitution of the ‘good’ refugee appears to be a positive development, it is argued that the way in which this has been done does more harm than good as it reinforces the idea that it is unusual for African refugees to be non-violent and successful.

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