Spanish as a world language

The article traces the spread of Spanish across the globe, highlighting the changing nature of this spread, from indicator of local dominance to colonisation, and then, today, globalisation. This article focuses on the role of Spanish in an era of globalisation, raising issues about the nature of a world or global language, and noting how the emergence of such languages mirrors the decrease of a wider linguistic diversity. It seeks to answer such questions as whether Spanish can be called a global language or instead only an international one. It suggests various tests that should be applied in order to consider what constitutes a global language. I will conclude by speculating on the future spread and role of Spanish, particularly in the U.S. and in its interaction with English.

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Trusted Partners: Human-Machine Teaming and the Future of Military AI

10.51593/20200024 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margarita Konaev ◽

Tina Huang ◽

Husanjot Chahal

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Future Directions ◽

The Future ◽

The U.S

As the U.S. military integrates artificial intelligence into its systems and missions, there are outstanding questions about the role of trust in human-machine teams. This report examines the drivers and effects of such trust, assesses the risks from too much or too little trust in intelligent technologies, reviews efforts to build trustworthy AI systems, and offers future directions for research on trust relevant to the U.S. military.

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The Future of Yoga Therapy and the Role of Standardization

International Journal of Yoga Therapy ◽

10.17761/ijyt.17.1.97k0497v47567776 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Ginger Garner

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Therapist Training ◽

Yoga Therapy ◽

The Public ◽

The Future ◽

Orthopedic Injuries ◽

Positive Step ◽

The U.S

Thanks to IAYT, Yoga therapists have a forum where we can find one another, collaborate, research, educate the public, and have a professional association to call home. IAYT's mission is to establish Yoga as a recognized and respected therapy. I fully support and believe in IAYT's mission. I am a practitioner of Yoga therapy, combining physical therapy, Yoga, and Ayurveda to specialize in women's health, chronic pain, and orthopedic injuries, and am the founder and director of a Yoga therapist training program. Having wellfamiliarized myself with the definitions of Yoga therapy from each of the current Yoga therapy programs in the U.S., and having followed the discussions about standards in Yoga therapy on the Integrator Blog (theintegratorblog.com) and in IAYT's publications, I humbly offer what I believe would be a positive step in the future of the recognition of Yoga therapy as a healing therapeutic discipline in the U.S.

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On: THE ROLE OF THE SURFACE ELECTRICAL METHODS OF GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1439032 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 393-396

Author(s):

S. H. Yungul

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Petroleum Industry ◽

Geophysical Prospecting ◽

Eastern Hemisphere ◽

The Future ◽

Major Break ◽

Electrical Methods ◽

The U.S

Those who have broad backgrounds in exploration geophysics have been saying that the electrical methods in general could be profitably employed by the petroleum industry, that they promise major break‐throughs in the future, and that it is regrettable that we are not making use of them in the U.S. The surface electrical activity for petroleum in the U.S. is so small that it does not make its way into the statistics. It is appreciable in the eastern hemisphere. Outside the USSR, in the eastern hemisphere, the electrical activity in 1958 and 1959 was of the order of 150 crew months per year (The Oil and Gas Journal, 1959; Patrick, 1960).

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The National, All-crops Plant Breeding Coordinating Committee

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.991c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 991C-991

Author(s):

Linda Wessel-Beaver ◽

Ann Marie Thro

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Recent Progress ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

Committee Membership ◽

National Workshop ◽

The U.S

The Plant Breeding Coordinating Committee will be a forum for leadership regarding issues, problems, and opportunities of long-term strategic importance to the contribution of plant breeding to national goals. The committee will create the only regular opportunity to provide such leadership across all crops. The nature of plant breeding as an integrative discipline par excellence will be reflected in multidisciplinary committee membership. The past decade has brought major changes in the U.S. national plant breeding investment. In order for administrators and other decisionmakers to understand the implications of the changes and respond most effectively for the future, there is need for a clear analysis of the role of plant breeding for meeting national goals. Although recent changes in investment are the impetus for this committee, the need to articulate the role of plant breeding in meeting national goals is likely to be on-going, regardless of immediate circumstances. This presentation will describe recent progress on organizing this committee, and will ask all plant breeders to begin thinking about the questions to be addressed at the upcoming national workshop.

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When TV Formats Migrate: The Languages of Business and Culture

Media International Australia ◽

10.1177/1329878x0913100104 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 16-29

Author(s):

Albert Moran

Keyword(s):

Linguistic Diversity ◽

World Language ◽

Television Programs ◽

Linguistic Structure ◽

Language System ◽

International Circulation ◽

Tv Program ◽

The Future

Debate concerning media globalisation is paralleled by discussion of the emergence of a world language system. Will we all watch the same television programs and discuss them in English in the future? This article examines the dual linguistic structure which underlines the international circulation of TV program formats. It suggests that there is increasing homogeneity concerning business dealings to do with TV formats, even while there is increasing linguistic diversity so far as the cultural reception and understanding of formatted programs are concerned.

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Between East and West: English as the Language of Escape in Communist Romania

Linguaculture ◽

10.47743/lincu-2018-1-0118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 127-142

Author(s):

Daniela Doboș

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Iron Curtain ◽

World Language ◽

Lingua Franca ◽

International Language ◽

The Status ◽

Global Language ◽

Almost All ◽

Everyday Reality

At the start of the 21st century, the status of English is as controversial as ever, given the current linguistic situation of widespread linguistic loss and the emergence of English as a preeminent language - a world language, an international language, a global language or a lingua franca in almost all settings (Graddol, 1997, 2006; Seidlhofer, Crystal), i.e. a much (over)-used vehicular language. It can easily be argued that no other language ever has been as hotly debated as English, which I would call a “commodity”. To the list of qualifiers that have been assigned to English I would add “escape”, which I would argue is the role English assumed behind the Iron Curtain. Based on my own experience as a teenager in communist Romania, as well as evidence from various memoirs published following the collapse of the regime in 1989, the paper argues that, more than just a symbol of freedom, in communist Romania, the role of English was clearly that of escape from the ideological pressures and widespread fear, as well as the degraded and degrading everyday reality.

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Reflections on COVID-19, Insurance, Business Interruption, Systemic Risk, and the Future

Revista Icade Revista de las Facultades de Derecho y Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales ◽

10.14422/icade.i110.y2020.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert H. Jerry

Keyword(s):

Systemic Risk ◽

Insurance Industry ◽

Role Of Government ◽

The Future ◽

Loss Event ◽

Major Loss ◽

Insurance Business ◽

The U.S ◽

Business Interruption

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major loss event for the insurance industry. This chapter begins with an overview of the pandemic’s most significant insurance implications. Because business interruption has been the most prominently discussed of these impacts, the second part of this chapter takes a closer look at business interruption insurance. This part describes how markets for this coverage are structured in the U.S., and then undertakes a detailed analysis of one of the most common business interruption policy forms, demonstrating that some aspects of this form, insofar as pandemic-caused business interruption is concerned, were not drafted with utmost precision. This part also discusses how disputes over common policy language used in the U.S. have unfolded, both in legislatures and the courts. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future of insuring the business continuity risk. It explores the limitations of private markets, the role of government, and the need for an overarching strategy for pandemic risk management, within which insurance would play a significant but partial role.

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Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000303 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 225 (3) ◽

pp. 189-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽

Jan Richter

Keyword(s):

Fear Conditioning ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Research Domain Criteria ◽

Major Focus ◽

The Future ◽

Definition Of ◽

Methodological Considerations ◽

Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

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