scholarly journals Human impersonal pronouns in West Germanic

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-846
Author(s):  
Daniël Van Olmen ◽  
Adri Breed
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Person ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
Semantic Maps ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The One ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Impersonal Pronouns

Abstract In this article, we examine and compare the main human impersonal pronouns in Afrikaans, Dutch and English. The second person singular, the third person plural and the ‘man’- and ‘one’-pronouns are studied by means of an acceptability judgment questionnaire and a completion questionnaire. The combination of the two methods reveals interesting descriptive facts about the three West Germanic languages. They include, among other things, the ‘man’-prominence of Afrikaans versus the ‘you’-prominence of Dutch and English for expressing the universal meaning ‘anyone’ and the more prominent position of ‘they’ in Dutch than in the other languages for conveying the existential meaning ‘someone, some people’. Our findings have a number of more theoretical implications too. The two existing semantic maps for human impersonal pronouns make different distinctions in the existential domain, based on type/level of (un)knownness on the one hand and number on the other. Our study tests both sets of distinctions and shows that the two dimensions interact with each other in Afrikaans, Dutch and English. The results thus support a recent proposal in the literature for a combined semantic map. The data from the completion questionnaire, finally, also indicates that existential uses prefer alternative forms of impersonalization to human impersonal pronouns in all three languages.

Marginality in the Mainstream, Lesbian Love in the Third Person

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third Person

This chapter undertakes a treatment of the rhetoric of personal pronouns in Ginzburg's writings on love and sexuality, drawing on Michael Lucey's study of the first person in twentieth-century French literature about love. It brings together questions of genre and narrative, on the one hand, and gender and sexuality, on the other. The chapter is divided into two sections, treating writings from two different periods on two kinds of love Ginzburg thought typical of intellectuals: in “First Love,” it discusses the unrequited and tragic love depicted in Ginzburg's teenage diaries (1920–23); in “Second Love,” it analyzes the love that is realized but in the end equally tragic, depicted in drafts related to Home and the World (1930s). The chapter examines the models the author sought in literary, psychological, and philosophical texts (Weininger, Kraft-Ebbing, Blok, Shklovsky, Oleinikov, Hemingway, and Proust).

scholarly journals Pensamiento crítico versus razón arrogante

2005 ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Carlos Pereda
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Critical Thought ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third Person

In this article, several levels in which can be proposed/presented the old dilemma of liberty and determinism are discussed and which is the task of critical thought or, particularly, of this critical thought that is philosophy. On the one hand, this dilemma is confronted in its metaphysical side. On the other, its epistemological and ethical implications are considered. Along this multiple levels I particularly consider the crash between the point of view of the first person and the third person.

Seeing first person changes gesture but saying first person does not

Gesture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fey Parrill ◽  
Kashmiri Stec
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
Path Component ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

Abstract Events with a motor action component (e.g., handling an object) tend to evoke gestures from the point of view of a character (character viewpoint, or CVPT) while events with a path component (moving through space) tend to evoke gestures from the point of view of an observer (observer viewpoint, or OVPT). Events that combine both components (e.g., rowing a boat across a lake) seem to evoke both types of gesture, but it is unclear why narrators use one or the other. We carry out two manipulations to explore whether gestural viewpoint can be manipulated. Participants read a series of stories and retold them in two conditions. In the image condition, story sentences were presented with images from either the actor’s perspective (actor version) or the observer’s perspective (observer version). In the linguistic condition, the same sentences were presented in either the second person (you…) or the third person point of view (h/she…). The second person led participants to use the first person (I) in retelling. Gestures produced during retelling were coded as CVPT or OVPT. Participants produced significantly more CVPT gestures after seeing images from the point of view of an actor, but the linguistic manipulation did not affect viewpoint in gesture. Neither manipulation affected overall gesture rate, or co-occurring speech. We relate these findings to frameworks in which motor action and mental imagery are linked to viewpoint in gesture.

scholarly journals Adverbial Morphology: How Dutch and German are Moving Away from English

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Diepeveen ◽  
Freek Van de Velde
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
Adjectival Inflection ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers ◽  
The One ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Dividing Line

English marks the distinction between adjectives and adverbs with an adverbial suffix, whereas Dutch and German allow adjectives to be used adverbially without extra morphology. This may give rise to the idea that English, like Latin, is more specific in its classification of various types of modifiers. We propose an alternative analysis: Dutch and German draw a different dividing line, between attributive modifiers (NP-level) on the one hand, and predicative and adverbial modifiers (clause-level) on the other. To this end, they use adjectival inflection instead of derivational morphology. We describe how the adverbial systems in these three West-Germanic languages have developed and try to explain the changes that have occurred.

scholarly journals Assessing a Linear Nanosystem's Limiting Reliability from its Components

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 879-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The One ◽  
Fixed Moment ◽  
Nanosized Systems

Nanosystems are devices that are in the size range of a billionth of a meter (1 x 10-9) and therefore are built necessarily from individual atoms. The one-dimensional nanosystems or linear nanosystems cover all the nanosized systems which possess one dimension that exceeds the other two dimensions, i.e. extension over one dimension is predominant over the other two dimensions. Here only two of the dimensions have to be on the nanoscale (less than 100 nanometers). In this paper we consider the structural relationship between a linear nanosystem and its atoms acting as components of the nanosystem. Using such information, we then assess the nanosystem's limiting reliability which is, of course, probabilistic in nature. We consider the linear nanosystem at a fixed moment of time, say the present moment, and we assume that the present state of the linear nanosystem depends only on the present states of its atoms.

scholarly journals Micro-Fenomenología de la Subjetividad del Psicoterapeuta Sistémico

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Ángela Hernández CORDOBA ◽  
Miguel Ángel Villamil PINEDA
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Relational Context ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The One

Systemic psychological therapy takes place in a relational context, where the subjectivities of the consultants and the therapists interact. Traditional research has focused more on the characteristics of the consultants than on the subjectivity of the therapist. Hence, "third person" perspectives have been privileged. The few studies that investigate the subjectivity of the therapist resort to introspective, interpretive and prescriptive methodologies. How to access the subjectivity of the therapist from different perspectives than those offered by "third person" observation and "first person" introspection? The purpose of the article is to explore, through the micro-phenomenological method, how the subjectivity of the therapist is shown in the first impression of a consultant. To do this, interviews were conducted with six therapists. The results show that en-active emotionality appears as an invariant of the therapist's subjectivity; and that this invariant operates as an "intelligent motivation", which enters "into action" in the course of the intersubjective relationship itself and permanently monitors and guides the therapeutic process. The results allow us to consider, on the one hand, that traditional research has undervalued the importance of en-active emotions in the therapeutic process; and, on the other, that the qualitative improvement of therapy implies not only recognizing this invariant, but also cultivating it. Palavras-chave : Subjectivity; Systemic therapy; Micro-phenomenology; En-active emotion; Experience.

scholarly journals Image schemas, mimetic schemas and children's gestures

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Zlatev
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
The One

Abstract Mimetic schemas, unlike the popular cognitive linguistic notion of image schemas, have been characterized in earlier work as explicitly representational, bodily structures arising from imitation of culture-specific practical actions (Zlatev 2005, 2007a, 2007b). We performed an analysis of the gestures of three Swedish and three Thai children at the age of 18, 22 and 26 months in episodes of natural interaction with caregivers and siblings in order to analyze the hypothesis that iconic gestures emerge as mimetic schemas. In accordance with this hypothesis, we predicted that the children's first iconic gestures would be (a) intermediately specific, (b) culture-typical, (c) falling in a set of recurrent types, (d) predominantly enacted from a first-person perspective (1pp) rather than performed from a third-person perspective (3pp), with (e) 3pp gestures being more dependent on direct imitation than 1pp gestures and (f) more often co-occurring with speech. All specific predictions but the last were confirmed, and differences were found between the children's iconic gestures on the one side and their deictic and emblematic gestures on the other. Thus, the study both confirms earlier conjectures that mimetic schemas “ground” both gesture and speech and implies the need to qualify these proposals, limiting the link between mimetic schemas and gestures to the iconic category.

Internet Memes, Memory, and Orders of Repackaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Julija Korostenskiene
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Internal Dimension ◽  
External Dimension ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxonomic Relations

Abstract The present study explores the construction of humor in internet memes along two dimensions. The external dimension is concerned with humor in internet memes as opposed to verbal humor on the one hand and as opposed to humor in comics and caricatures on the other. The perceptive differences, stemming from the workings of the human memory, and the medium are posited as the two main differentiating factors. On the internal dimension, we explore manifestations of humor in light of the communicative situation and taxonomic relations at both the intermedial and intramedial levels of internet memes, taking as an example a family of You Wouldn’t Get It image macros. Our analysis employs elements of intertextuality theory and the notion of orders of indexicality. The study aims to contribute to the growing theoretical and methodological framework for multifactorial analyses of internet memes.

The verbal system

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-231
Author(s):  
D. Gary Miller
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
System P ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Weak Verbs

Verbs in Gothic are thematic, athematic, or preterite present. Several classes, including modals, are discussed. Strong verbs have seven classes, weak verbs four. Inflectional categories are first, second, and third person, singular, dual (except in the third person), and plural number. Tenses are nonpast and past/preterite. There are two inflected moods, indicative and optative, and two voices (active, passive). The passive is synthetic in the nonpast indicative and optative. The past system features two periphrastic passives, one stative-eventive with wisan (be), the other inchoative and change of state with wairþan (become). Middle functions are mostly represented by simple reflexive structures and -nan verbs. Nonfinite categories include one voice-underspecified infinitive, a nonpast and past participle, and a present active imperative. The third person imperative is normally expressed by an optative.

The nominal system

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-101
Author(s):  
D. Gary Miller
Keyword(s):  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Nominal System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Case System ◽  
System P ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
The Third Person

Nouns are inflected for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular and plural), and case: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative. Except in -u- stems, the vocative has the form of the accusative and/or is syncretized with the nominative. Demonstratives and pronominals have a residual instrumental, e.g. þe (by this), and ablative, e.g. jáinþro (from there). Adjectives are similarly inflected but also have strong and weak forms. Comparatives and nonpast participles are weak. The precise syntactic status of D-words (demonstratives, determiners, and articles) is impossible to test. Personal pronouns of the first and second person are inflected for singular, plural, and dual, and have no gender distinction. The third person pronoun has all three genders but only singular and plural number. Interrogative and indefinite pronouns are morphologically identical. Gothic has a rich negative polarity system. Numerals are partly inflected and partly indeclinable. Deictic adverbs belong to an old local case system.

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