Serving two masters

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik De Smet ◽  
Freek Van de Velde
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Free Relatives ◽  
Form Function ◽  
First Case ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
Eventual Outcome

This paper examines two cases of so-called syntactic amalgams. In syntactic amalgams a particular string that is shared by two constructions is exploited to combine them, in such a way that one of the constructions functions as a modifier of the other. Typical examples are after God knows how many years (< after many years + God knows how many years) and a big enough house (< a big house + big enough). In formal theories, these kinds of constructions have been insightfully described as ‘grafts’. However, the exact process through which these amalgams arise remains unexplored. When studied closely, these processes reveal form–function friction not fully accounted for by the graft metaphor. Syntactic amalgams typically serve a subjective function and have been recruited for this purpose. However, because they consist of a syntagm that is still internally parsable, they tend to resist full reanalysis. More precisely, their original syntax continues to constrain their use. As such, amalgams get caught between their original syntax, which remains transparent, and their new function, which suggests a new syntactic status. This appears clearly from contrastive studies of amalgams in Dutch and English that are functionally similar but whose use is constrained in different ways due to structural differences between the two languages. Our first case study deals with the Dutch and English amalgam wie weet / who knows. A contrastive analysis of the development of the respective items shows both the conservative effect of the origin of change and the attraction exerted by the target of change. The second case we discuss in detail involves so-called transparent free relatives. A contrastive analysis shows the role of the overall grammar of a language in licensing change, in this case with Dutch word order posing more difficulties to the new focusing function of transparent free relatives. In general, both case studies show the formation of syntactic amalgams to be sensitive to system pressures both in the course of their development and in the eventual outcome of change.

FIRST CASE SERIES OF VENOUS SINUS STENTING IN IIH PATIENTS IN WALES

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.113-e4
Author(s):  
Gauhar Abbas Malik ◽  
Yogish Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
First Line ◽  
Venous Stenting ◽  
First Case ◽  
Sinus Stenosis

BackgroundIdiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), is defined by increased cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pressure in the absence of other causes of intracranial hypertension. There has been recent interest in the role of intracranial venous sinus stenosis in IIH. The raised pressures in IIH are argued to worsen by the secondary appearance of the venous sinus stenosis.Objective5 patients have undergone endovascular pressure measurement in Wales and their clinical details including history, examination, initial management, neuroimaging pre- and post venous stenting, and follow-up (6–24 months) to provide the first case study of patients undergoing Venous sinus stenting in Wales.Methods5 patients with IIH refractory to first line treatments underwent venography and manometry and 4 patients underwent stenting of the venous sinuses after this procedure had shown a pressure gradient proximal to stenosis in the lateral sinuses.ResultsThree patients were rendered asymptomatic, two were improved including one patient unmasking a different headache disorder following treatment.ConclusionsStenting in venous stenosis provides a further treatment option to patients refractory to first line treatments with IIH. This case series highlights in selected cases treatment is promising with good outcomes.

scholarly journals Chest CT as a Complement to RT-PCR to Confirm and Follow-up COVID-19 Patients

Medicinus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Aziza Ghanie Icksan ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz ◽  
Annisa Dian Harlivasari
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Case ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain

<p><strong>Background : </strong>The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was recorded in March 2020. Limitation of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has put chest CT as an essential complementary tool in the diagnosis and follow up treatment for COVID-19. Literatures strongly suggested that High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is essential in diagnosing typical symptoms of COVID-19 at the early phase of disease due to its superior sensitivity  (97%) compared to chest x-ray (CXR).</p><p>The two cases presented in this case study showed the crucial role of chest CT with HRCT to establish the working diagnosis and follow up COVID-19 patients as a complement to RT-PCR, currently deemed a gold standard.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Possessive Construction in Russian and Indonesian Noun Phrases: Contrastive Analysis and Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Tri Yulianty Karyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
National Corpus

This paper aims to discuss the comparison between possessive constructions in Russian and Indonesian noun phrases. Since both of the languages have different grammatical systems, their possessive constructions may also be different. The differences are discussed using a contrastive analysis approach. However, the similarities between them are also taken into consideration following one of the practical purposes of contrastive analysis, namely, to aid the translation process. The theory employed in this research is eclectic. The research method employed in this research is descriptive method with contrastive analysis model. In addition, for translation analysis, word-for-word and literal methods are used here. The data in this research are collected from the Russian National Corpus and some selected literary works in Russian and Indonesian. The result suggests that there are some structural differences and similarities between Russian and Indonesian in terms of word order, attributive categories, and grammatical categories of the elements constituting noun phrases. The results of this comparison can be referred to in the translation of possessive construction of both languages so that the closest equivalent is found following the rules of each language. 

scholarly journals Trends of SARS-Cov-2 infection in 67 countries: Role of climate zone, temperature, humidity and curve behavior of cumulative frequency on duplication time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Berumen ◽  
Max Schmulson ◽  
Guadalupe Guerrero ◽  
Elizabeth Barrera ◽  
Jorge Larriva-Sahd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cumulative Frequency ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
First Case ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lineal Regression

Summary Objective. To analyze the role of temperature, humidity, date of first case diagnosed (DFC) and the behavior of the growth-curve of cumulative frequency (CF) [number of days to rise (DCS) and reach the first 100 cases (D100), and the difference between them (ΔDD)] with the doubling time (Td) of Covid-19 cases in 67 countries grouped by climate zone. Design. Retrospective incident case study. Setting. WHO based register of cumulative incidence of Covid-19 cases. Participants. 1,706,914 subjects diagnosed between 12-29-2019 and 4-15-2020. Exposures. SARS-Cov-2 virus, ambient humidity, temperature and climate areas (temperate, tropical/subtropical). Main outcome measures. Comparison of DCS, D100, ΔDD, DFC, humidity, temperature, Td for the first (Td10) and second (Td20) ten days of the CF growth-curve between countries according to climate zone, and identification of factors involved in Td, as well as predictors of CF using lineal regression models. Results. Td10 and Td20 were ≥3 days longer in tropical/subtropical vs. temperate areas (2.8[plusmn]1.2 vs. 5.7[plusmn]3.4; p=1.41E-05 and 4.6[plusmn]1.8 vs. 8.6[plusmn]4.2; p=9.7E-05, respectively). The factors involved in Td10 (DFC and ΔDD) were different than those in Td20 (Td10 and climate areas). After D100, the fastest growth-curves during the first 10 days, were associated with Td10<2 and Td10<3 in temperate and tropical/subtropical countries, respectively. The fold change Td20/Td10 >2 was associated with earlier flattening of the growth-curve. In multivariate models, Td10, DFC and ambient temperature were negatively related with CF and explained 44.7% (r2 = 0.447) of CF variability at day 20 of the growth-curve, while Td20 and DFC were negatively related with CF and explained 63.8% (r2 = 0.638) of CF variability towards day 30 of the growth-curve. Conclusions. The larger Td in tropical/subtropical countries is positively related to DFC and temperature. Td and environmental factors explain 64% of CF variability in the best of cases. Therefore, other factors, such as pandemic containment measures, would explain the remaining variability.

Al-Mg-Si: Microstructural Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Cabibbo
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Zr Addition ◽  
First Case ◽  
Specific Modeling

This article presents two case studies referring to the severe plastic deformation applied to Al-Mg-Si alloys. In a first case study, an Al-Mg-Si alloy in a T6 temper is subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), and all the microstructure strengthening contributions to the alloy yield stress are determined through specific modeling and then validated. In a second case study, two Al-Mg-Si alloys, one with Zr addition and a second with Sc-Zr addition, are subjected to ECAP after a T6 temper in an overaged status. In the second case, the role of the Zr- and Sc-Zr-containing nanometer dispersoids is described, and the related strengthening effect is modeled according to the models presented in the first case study.

THE REFORMATION AND THE BOOK: A RECONSIDERATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW PETTEGREE ◽  
MATTHEW HALL
Keyword(s):  
Individual Case ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
German Model ◽  
Book World ◽  
Print Cultures

Perceptions of the role of the book in the Reformation are shaped by our knowledge of the German print world during the first decades of Protestant expansion. All indications point to evangelical domination of the press in the years when Luther first became a public figure, when the printed book undoubtedly played a crucial role in the dissemination of the evangelical message, and printing enjoyed a period of exuberant growth. But it is by no means certain that assumptions derived from this German model hold good for other parts of Europe. This article re-examines the German paradigm of book and Reformation in the light of two recent bibliographical projects. The first, a trial survey of publishing outputs throughout Europe, demonstrates that the different regional print cultures that made up the European book world were organized in radically contrasting ways. These structural differences were highly significant from the point of view of assisting or impeding the output of controversial literature. The lessons from this survey are then applied to an individual case study, France, which, it emerges, deviated from the German model in almost every particular. Together these two sets of data force us to call into question the natural affinity between print and Protestantism suggested by the German paradigm.

scholarly journals Role of N501Y Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmi Roy
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mutant Variant ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Mutant Forms

It has been more than a year since the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was found. This coronavirus has infected more than 110 million people worldwide by the end of February, 2021, and several virulent as well as more spreadable mutant forms of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged subsequently. In the latter group, three variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1 lineages, have been reported. Using computer simulation, the present paper investigates the structural differences between the wild type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its Asn501Tyr (N501Y) mutant variant. Time-based structural changes between the receptor binding domains of these two species are also examined. The N501Y mutation is common to all the three aforesaid mutant variants.

Understanding the response of tropical cyclone structure to the assimilation of synthetic wind profiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Bucci ◽  
Sharanya J. Majumdar ◽  
Robert Atlas ◽  
G. David Emmitt ◽  
Steve Greco
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Error Statistics ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Wind Profiles ◽  
Parent Domain ◽  
Mean Square Errors

AbstractThis study examines how varying wind profile coverages in the tropical cyclone (TC) core, near-environment and broader synoptic environment affect the structure and evolution of a simulated Atlantic hurricane through data assimilation. Three sets of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are examined in this paper. The first experiment establishes a benchmark for the case study specific to the forecast system used by assimilating idealized profiles throughout the parent domain. The second presents how TC analyses and forecasts respond to varying the coverage of swaths produced by polar-orbiting satellites of idealized wind profiles. The final experiment assesses the role of TC inner-core observations by systematically removing them radially from the center. All observations are simulated from a high-resolution regional “Nature Run” of a hurricane and the tropical atmosphere, assimilated an Ensemble Square-Root Kalman Filter and the Hurricane Weather and Research Forecast (HWRF) regional model. Results compare observation impact to the analyses, domain-wide and TC centric error statistics, and TC structural differences among the experiments. The study concludes that the most accurate TC representation is a result of the assimilation of collocated and uniform thermodynamic and kinematics observations. Intensity forecasts are improved with increased inner core wind observations, even if the observations are only available once daily. Domain-wide root-mean-square errors are significantly reduced when the TC is observed during a period of structural change, like rapid intensification. The experiments suggest the importance of wind observations and the role of inner-core surveillance when analyzing and forecasting realistic TC structure.

Vissen naar variatie : Digitaal op zoek naar onbekende Noord/Zuid-verschillen in de grammatica van het Nederlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Stefan Grondelaers ◽  
Robbert De Troij ◽  
Dirk Speelman ◽  
Antal van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Dutch Text ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Strength Variation ◽  
First Case

Abstract Belgian Dutch (BD) and Netherlandic Dutch (ND) are known to exhibit phonetic and lexical differences, but national variation in the syntax of Dutch has often been claimed to be quasi non-existent. This view is rooted in the fact that both laypersons and researchers are oblivious to national divergences in the grammar of Dutch (unless they are categorical and/or heavily mediatized), but also in the undisputed belief that BD and ND are different surface manifestations of ‘the same grammatical motor’. As a result, only a few syntactic phenomena have hitherto been shown to be sensitive to national constraints. In this paper we illustrate a computational bottom-up approach (pioneered in Bannard & Callison-Burch 2005) to cast the net as widely as possible. Building on statistical machine translation and a parallel corpus of Dutch translations of English subtitles, we identify plausible mappings between English n-grams and their Dutch translations. We do this in order to obtain paraphrases, i.e., stretches of interchangeable Dutch text that carry approximately the same meaning. In a first case study, we found corroborating evidence among the discovered paraphrases for many syntactic variables that have previously been attested in Dutch, including complementizer variation, existential er-variation, word order phenomena, and inflection variation. Crucially, we also discovered a number of alternations we had not anticipated as interesting variables. In order to detect national constraints on the newly found variables, we carried out a second experiment with a smaller corpus of Belgian and Netherlandic subtitles: the two variables we investigated in this light ‐ deictic strength variation and subordination variation ‐ did indeed manifest national sensitivity.

scholarly journals BALANCING TRADITION AND DEVELOPMENT? EARLY TRIALS OF A METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 781-788
Author(s):  
M. Lidón de Miguel ◽  
L. García-Soriano ◽  
C. Mileto ◽  
F. Trizio
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Village

Abstract. In the age of globalization, it becomes necessary to assess the possibilities for the conservation of the characteristic identity features of vernacular architectural heritage. The changes undergone in traditional dwellings appear to be on different scales in societies that are considered developed, and in those that are developing, while the idea of development itself can be the main precursor to change. A study underway aims to identify the nature of the transformations occurring both in traditional architecture and in the society that builds it through case studies and to determine the influence of the concept of “development” in these changes, spotting the potential role of cooperation in the conservation of vernacular architectural heritage and its capacity for sustainability. The analysis of the first case study, the village of Baasneere (Burkina Faso), has made it possible to implement a methodology based on the review of literature, quantitative and qualitative research techniques and the use of three types of cataloguing fiches on three aspects (urban, typological, constructive) of dwellings under study. Although it needs to be adapted to the specific characteristics of the new case studies, the methodology proposed has been proven valid in the study of vernacular settings and their transformations and is also expected to be of use in establishing comparisons between different contexts.

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