Translators’ and revisers’ competences in legal translation

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Parra-Galiano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Professional Translator

Abstract This article proposes a hierarchy of translator and reviser competences in prototypical scenarios in legal translation with a view to determining the most appropriate revision foci to ensure translation quality. Built on a prior characterisation of the most common professional translator profiles in legal translation, the proposal for a hierarchy of competences derives from two premises: (1) The professional profile of those who translate and revise legal documents is very diverse in terms of competence and qualifications (training and experience), and (2) translation competence and specialist knowledge in legal fields (i.e., domain competence) are fundamental when revising to guarantee the quality of legal translations. The proposal is framed by quality assurance in legal translation through a revision process based on (1) the coherent management of the work of the translators and revisers involved in the translation project, and (2) the appropriate methodology for revision applied to legal translation by adapting the revision mode’s focus to ensure its effectiveness. Six common scenarios are identified in light of the translators’ profiles, for which revisers’ profiles are then proposed in order to detect any legal translation competence deficiencies among translators, and thus ensure quality.

Calling translation to the bar

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Daniele Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
The One ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract This paper proposes a comparative analysis of the translation errors made by prospective legal translation trainees, with a special focus on the (mis)use of legal terminology and phraseology. The investigation relies on the data produced and collected within a wider empirical study on the translation problems faced by a cohort of translation graduates with no specialisation in legal translation on the one hand, and a cohort of linguistically-skilled lawyers with no translation-related qualifications on the other, who translated the same criminal law document from English into Italian. The translation errors made by the two cohorts have been classified on the basis of the categories proposed by Mossop (2014) and assessed following the severity scale devised by Vollmar (2001). The Translation Quality Index (cf. Schiaffino and Zearo 2006) thus obtained has allowed for the ranking of the participants in the five quality levels identified for legal translation by Prieto Ramos (2014). The findings of the quantitative and qualitative analyses of errors are also traced back to the participants’ translation process by triangulating data from the different collection methods used within the empirical study, i.e. screen recording, keystroke logging and questionnaires, with particular reference to time and reference material use. The specific design of this investigation, which considers the participants’ prior education as additional variable, allows for the identification of a possible correlation between the different backgrounds of the translators and the quality of their translations, with general consequences on the conceptualisation of legal translation competence and effective training.

scholarly journals The Dubious Quality of Legal Dictionaries

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard-René de Groot ◽  
Conrad J.P. van Laer
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Translation

As a consequence of the still increasing transnational commercial and scholarly cooperation and exchange, more and more often legal information has to be translated. Sometimes the content of legal documents (contracts, statutory provisions, books and articles on legal topics and so on) has to be translated into another language. But even more frequently, information on rules from one legal system has to be provided in the legal language of another legal system. In both cases the translator or the lawyer involved is confronted with difficulties of legal translation. In both cases bilingual legal dictionaries could play an important role in the translating process by providing translation suggestions and information on the linguistic context of terms in the target language, such as specific noun-verb combinations, or typical collocations.

scholarly journals A Study of the Translation of English Legal Vocabulary under the Guidance of the Skopos Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Chunxu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Skopos Theory ◽  
German School ◽  
Globalization Of Law

With the rapid development of society, most of countries around the world are all attaching importance to the construction of the rule of law. Many countries are drawing lessons from each others’ excellent legal achievements. Legal translation is an important branch of translation field and is playing an increasingly essential part in legal changes. With the deepening of China’s rule of law, China’s construction of legal system has stepped into a new phase. A large number of excellent Chinese legal documents are being translated into English, and many laws of Britain and America also have been translated into Chinese. The globalization of law has been an irreversible tendency. With the vigorous development of legal translation, how to correctly translate foreign legal achievements into Chinese has become a very arduous task for translators. The research field of legal translation includes the study of vocabulary, discourse, sentence and so on. The quality of translation of English legal vocabulary is key to deciding the quality of the whole translation of the legal text. Guided by the Skopos theory, which is a well-known theory put forward by German School of translation, the author makes a preliminary study on the translation of English legal vocabulary. By using and analyzing example sentences, the author makes summary about five characteristics of English legal vocabulary: common English vocabulary expressing legal meanings, use of ancient English vocabulary, parallel use of synonyms, use of modal verbs, use of professional terms and legal jargon. On the premise of conforming to the Skopos theory, four strategies of translating English legal vocabulary are summarized by the author according to these characteristics of English legal vocabulary, which are respectively fuzzy processing of English legal vocabulary, giving play to translators’ subjectivity, possessing consciousness of legal texts, correct use of domestication and foreignization. The author stresses the important role of translators’ subjectivity in the translation of English legal vocabulary, the correct use of domestication and foreignization and lastly links characteristics of English legal vocabulary, the Skopos theory and strategies of translation of English legal vocabulary effectively. The study has the certain innovation and reference significance in improving the quality of legal translation.

scholarly journals How to Raise Quality Assurance in Legal Translation: The Question of Objectivity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Alireza Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Managerial Quality

Abstract The aim of the present study is to propose an approach to legal translation quality so as to address the idiosyncrasies in legal studies and to confront the challenges and flaws of previous paradigms and models of translation quality assessment. The present approach is associated with the micro-macro textual, contextual, and legal components/variables in the pursuit of an adequate strategy through elaborating the decision making process for translation. The elements of the decision making process remain constant between translation relevancy/brief, and the translation product in the source text analysis, reformulation and revision stages. Translation competence, translation product, and the translation decision making process are all the evaluative standards for both quality controllers and translators. Also, this study scrutinizes the impact of translation quality assessment involving professional and training contexts besides managerial quality. In the upshot, this approach has the potential to reduce subjectivity in the quality of legal translation based on particular methodologies. The proposed framework assists the need for the evaluation of the quality of legal translation to boost the quality benchmarks in the professional environment.

Centralisation and Decentralisation in Higher Education: a Comparative Study of Hungary and Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Rodrigues Pimenta ◽  
Zoltan Rónay ◽  
András Német
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
State Control ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Quality Assurance Standards

The main focus of this article is on comparing the centralisation and decentralisation in higher education in Hungary and Germany. This study explores trends in implementing quality assurance measures in higher education. It employs the methodology of document analysis to identify differences between the two nations in the level of autonomy they accord to higher education institutions in regulating quality assurance standards. Data collected from these documents demonstrate that the two countries have divergent approaches to higher education governance. In the Hungarian higher education system, management is centralised and monitored by the national government. This state control indicates limited autonomy amongst higher education institutions to organise academic programs. In contrast, the German legal documents examined in this study indicate a belief in the need to guarantee the quality of learning, teaching, research, academic freedom, gender equality, and institutional autonomy. The data collected reveal the close relationship between governance and quality assurance in discourses regarding the accountability, transparency, and freedom of stakeholders.

CONCEPTUAL BASES OF ADAPTATION OF UKRAINE’S HIGHER EDUCATION TO THE STANDARDS OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF THE EUROPEAN AREA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Batechko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
European Higher Education Area ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
European Area ◽  
European Higher Education ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article outlines the conceptual framework for adapting Ukrainian higher education to the Standards and Recommendations for Quality Assurance in the European higher education area. The role of the Bologna Declaration in ensuring the quality of higher education in Europe has been explained. The conceptual foundations and the essence of standards and recommendations on quality assurance in the European higher education area have been defined. The Ukrainian realities of the adaptation of higher education of Ukraine to the educational European standards of quality have been characterized.

PKM Peningkatan Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Produksi Bakpia Dan Nugget Tempe Melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi Otomasi Di Desa Bangunharjo

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Yohannes Anton Nugroho ◽  
Ari Zaqi Al Faritsy ◽  
Ari Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Industry Association ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Partnership Program

The Community Partnership Program in partnership with the Tani Rahayu Women's Group and the Bakpia Jurug Industry Association have succeeded in helping create economic independence. The results of this program are increased capacity and quality of production of bakpia and tempeh nuggets in the partner group. The implementation of mechanical and automation technology-based tools is able to increase the production capacity of tempe nuggets from 2 kg to 24 kg in a production time of 8 hours. While the implementation of the use of bakpia kumbu processing equipment was able to increase the production of 3 kg to 24 kg in a production time of 8 hours. The utilization of these tools has also been followed by quality assurance training and assistance, so that the quality of the products produced is uniform.

A STUDY ON THE QUALITY ASSURANCE OF PAST AND PRESENT EVALUATION PROCEDURE OF B.ED. PROGRAMME OF GARHWAL, UNIVERSITY (THE CENTRAL UNIVERSITY) IN VIEW OF NCTE NORMS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Verma ◽  
Seema Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Present Evaluation ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The study attempted to find out the quality of the evaluation procedure of B.Ed. programme of Garhwal University, the Central University in view of NCTE Norms. The study also reveals the method and procedure of evaluation according to the latest 2 years B.Ed. programme. For the study, purposive sampling method was used. The tools – questionnaire and interview schedule was developed. On the basis of findings, it concluded that the evaluation procedure was in accordance with the NCTE Norms. With the implementation of two years B.Ed. course, the method of evaluation has also become more practical oriented, which has become a remarkable achievement and surely enhance the quality of prospective teachers

ANAAC AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Singh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Education In India

Quality, as we know so far, was originally developed in the manufacturing industry. In the area of higher education, the adoption of quality control has been superficial and diluted by the exercise of academic . Further, the prevailing culture of universities is often based on individual autonomy, which is zealously guarded. Thus, it is usually difficult to apply the features of quality to higher education considering the fact that quality requires. However, the quality of higher education is very important for its stakeholders. Notably, providers (funding bodies and the community at large), students, staff and employers of graduates are. The most commonly grouped dimensions of quality are product, software and service. In the changing context marked by expansion of higher education and globalization of economic activities, education has become a national concern with an international dimension. To cope with this changing context, countries have been pressurized to ensure and assure quality of higher education at a nationally comparable and internationally acceptable standard. Consequently, many countries initiated “national quality assurance mechanisms” and many more are in the process of evolving a suitable strategy. Most of the quality assurance bodies were established in the nineties and after a few years of practical experience, they are rethinking many issues of quality assurance. At this juncture where countries look for experiences and practices elsewhere, the experience of India has many valuable lessons and this report is an attempt to share those developments..

scholarly journals Hospital chaplains as ethical consultants in making difficult medical decisions

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107096
Author(s):  
Waldemar Głusiec
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Hospital Chaplains ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Hospital Ethics ◽  
Bioethical Education ◽  
Further Development

Background and aimsFew Polish hospitals have Hospital Ethics Committee (HECs) and the services are not always adequate. In this situation, the role of HECs, in providing, among others, ethical advice on the discontinuation of persistent therapies, may be taken over by other entities. The aim of our research was to investigate, how often and on what issues hospital chaplains are asked for ethical advice in reaching difficult medical decisions.MethodsA survey of 100 Roman Catholic chaplains was conducted, that is, at least 10% of all chaplains currently working in Polish hospitals.ResultsOf the participants, 29% confirmed receiving requests for advice in making a morally difficult medical decision. Receiving this type of request was not conditional on the place of their service, duration of their pastoral mission or HEC membership. The largest group of chaplains (21%) encounter questions concerning the ethical dilemmas associated with discontinuing persistent therapy. Patients and their families most often raise issues related to the methods of birth control, and the medical staff raise the issue of termination of pregnancy—as reported by 9% and 15% of chaplains, respectively. Most of the chaplains asked for help (79%) experience a deficit of specialist knowledge in the area of medicine or ethics.ConclusionsIn order to improve the quality of ethical consultations in Polish hospitals, in addition to further development of HECs, it is postulated to develop a system for bioethical education of chaplains.

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