Lessons on management of large-scale research programmes.

2009 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
S. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Programmes

scholarly journals The potential for large-scale, subsurface geological CO2 storage in Denmark

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Frykman ◽  
Lars Henrik Nielsen ◽  
Thomas Vangkilde-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Geological Co2 Storage ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Capture Techniques

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is increasingly considered to be a tool that can significantly reduce the emission of CO2. It is viewed as a technology that can contribute to a substantial, global reduction of emitted CO2 within the timeframe that seems available for mitigating the effects of present and continued emission. In order to develop the CCS method the European Union (EU) has supported research programmes for more than a decade, which focus on capture techniques, transport and geological storage. The results of the numerous research projects on geological storage are summarised in a comprehensive best practice manual outlining guidelines for storage in saline aquifers (Chadwick et al. 2008). A detailed directive for geological storage is under implementation (European Commission 2009), and the EU has furthermore established a programme for supporting the development of more than ten large-scale demonstration plants throughout Europe. Geological investigations show that suitable storage sites are present in most European countries. In Denmark initial investigations conducted by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland and private companies indicate that there is significant storage potential at several locations in the subsurface.

scholarly journals Advection, krill, and Antarctic marine ecosystems

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
EILEEN E. HOFMANN ◽  
EUGENE J. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem ◽  
Circumpolar Current

Advective processes are recognized as being important in structuring and maintaining marine ecosystems. In the Southern Ocean advective effects are perhaps most clearly observed because the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) provides a connection between most parts of the system, including open ocean and continental shelf regions. The ACC also provides a mechanism for large-scale transport of plankton, such as Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana), which is an important component of the Southern Ocean food web. This overview provides a summary of recent observational and modelling results that consider the importance of advection to the Southern Ocean ecosystem and, in particular, the role of advection in structuring the large-scale distribution of Antarctic krill. The results of these studies show that advection is a dominant process controlling Antarctic krill distribution and by inference an important process affecting overall structure and production of the Southern Ocean food web. The overview shows that quantifying the roles of advective and retentive physical processes, and population dynamic and behavioural biological processes in determining the regional and local distribution of krill and abundance will be an important research focus. Strategies for future Antarctic multidisciplinary research programmes that are focused on understanding advective processes at a circumpolar scale are suggested.

scholarly journals Structural aspects of metal-organic framework-based energy materials research at Diamond

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2036) ◽  
pp. 20130149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Allan ◽  
Alexander J. Blake ◽  
Martin Schröder ◽  
Chiu C. Tang ◽  
Sihai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
The University ◽  
Structural Aspects

Large-scale central facilities such as Diamond Light Source fulfil an increasingly pivotal role in many large-scale scientific research programmes. We illustrate these developments by reference to energy-centred projects at the University of Nottingham, the progress of which depends crucially on access to these facilities. Continuing access to beamtime has now become a major priority for those who direct such programmes.

scholarly journals Side effects of problem-solving strategies in large-scale nutrition science: towards a diversification of health

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1400-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Penders ◽  
Rein Vos ◽  
Klasien Horstman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Public Health Goal

Solving complex problems in large-scale research programmes requires cooperation and division of labour. Simultaneously, large-scale problem solving also gives rise to unintended side effects. Based upon 5 years of researching two large-scale nutrigenomic research programmes, we argue that problems are fragmented in order to be solved. These sub-problems are given priority for practical reasons and in the process of solving them, various changes are introduced in each sub-problem. Combined with additional diversity as a result of interdisciplinarity, this makes reassembling the original and overall goal of the research programme less likely. In the case of nutrigenomics and health, this produces a diversification of health. As a result, the public health goal of contemporary nutrition science is not reached in the large-scale research programmes we studied. Large-scale research programmes are very successful in producing scientific publications and new knowledge; however, in reaching their political goals they often are less successful.

scholarly journals Social Innovation: Worklessness, Welfare and Well-being

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Roy ◽  
Neil McHugh ◽  
Clementine Hill O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
The Uk

The UK Government has recently implemented large-scale public-sector funding cuts and substantial welfare reform. Groups within civil society are being encouraged to fill gaps in service provision, and ‘social innovation’ has been championed as a means of addressing social exclusion, such as that caused by worklessness, a major impediment to citizens being able to access money, power and resources, which are key social determinants of health. The aim of this article is to make the case for innovative ‘upstream’ approaches to addressing health inequalities, and we discuss three prominent social innovations gaining traction: microcredit for enterprise; social enterprise in the form of Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs); and Self Reliant Groups (SRGs). We find that while certain social innovations may have the potential to address health inequalities, large-scale research programmes that will yield the quality and range of empirical evidence to demonstrate impact, and, in particular, an understanding of the causal pathways and mechanisms of action, simply do not yet exist.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic structure of mammal assemblages at large geographical scales: linking phylogenetic community ecology with macroecology

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1577) ◽  
pp. 2545-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Cardillo
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Ecology

Phylogenetic community ecology seeks to explain the processes involved in the formation of species assemblages by analysing their phylogenetic structure, and to date has focused primarily on local-scale communities. Macroecology, on the other hand, is concerned with the structure of assemblages at large geographical scales, but has remained largely non-phylogenetic. Analysing the phylogenetic structure of large-scale assemblages provides a link between these two research programmes. In this paper, I ask whether we should expect large-scale assemblages to show significant phylogenetic structure, by outlining some of the ecological and macroevolutionary processes that may play a role in assemblage formation. As a case study, I then explore the phylogenetic structure of carnivore assemblages within the terrestrial ecoregions of Africa. Many assemblages at these scales are indeed phylogenetically non-random (either clustered or overdispersed). One interpretation of the observed patterns of phylogenetic structure is that many clades underwent rapid biome-filling radiations, followed by diversification slowdown and competitive sorting as niche space became saturated.

scholarly journals FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF EARLY NEOLITHIC RUSSIAN POTTERY TECHNOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Michela Spataro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Early Farmers ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

Ceramics appeared in southern Russia at about the same time as in southern Europe, at ca. 6000 cal BC, but whilst pottery was introduced into southern Europe, together with plant and animal domesticates, from southwest Asia, early Neolithic pottery in eastern Europe was probably developed locally by hunter-gatherers, or derived from other pre-agricultural societies in northern Eurasia. In this paper, four sherds from four different regions of central and southern Russia are analysed using the same methods previously employed in two large-scale research programmes on early Neolithic pottery from the Adriatic and the central Balkans. The four pots were made with different tempering agents and were generally low-fired, but while they may represent different technological traditions to the southern European pottery, the overall technical quality of the hunter-gatherer pottery is no less developed than that of the early farmers.

scholarly journals The MultiBac system: a perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Berger ◽  
Christine Tölzer ◽  
Kapil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression System ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Baculovirus Expression System ◽  
Dna Delivery ◽  
Host Tropism ◽  
Genomic Engineering ◽  
Baculovirus Expression ◽  
Research Programmes

Baculovirus expression is a time-tested technique to produce proteins in insect cells, in high quality and quantity for a range of applications. MultiBac is a baculovirus expression system we developed originally for producing multiprotein complexes comprising many subunits, for structural and mechanistic studies. First introduced in 2004, MultiBac is now in use in many laboratories worldwide, accelerating research programmes in academia and industry. We have continuously optimized our MultiBac system, providing customized reagents and standard operating protocols to facilitate its use also by non-specialists. More recently, we have generated MultiBac genomes tailored for specific purposes, for example, to produce humanized glycoproteins, high-value pharmaceutical targets including kinases, viral polymerases, and virus-like particles (VLPs) as promising vaccine candidates. By altering the host tropism of the baculovirion, we created MultiBacMam, a heterologous DNA delivery toolkit to target mammalian cells, tissues and organisms. Introducing CRISPR/Cas modalities, we set the stage for large-scale genomic engineering applications utilizing this high-capacity DNA delivery tool. Exploiting synthetic biology approaches and bottom-up design, we engage in optimizing the properties of our baculoviral genome, also to improve manufacturing at scale. Here we provide a perspective of our MultiBac system and its developments, past, present and future.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

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