Nutritional strategies for minimizing phosphorus pollution from the livestock industry.

Knowledge of animal feed and waste is an important component in building the livestock industry. The aspectof availability of feed and the production of livestock waste is one of the problems by cattle farmers in MattirowalieVillage, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. Efforts to increase the capacity of farmers in solving these problems areneeded to increase the productivity of their livestock. This program aims to increase knowledge for farmers of beef cattlein processing agricultural and livestock waste into feed products and processing them into organic fertilizer. This activityis an implementation of the Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Unhas (PPMU) Program Kemitraan Masyarakat(PKM). This activity was carried out in Mattirowalie Village, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. The partner groupsinvolved as targets were the "Kurusumange" and "Masempo Dalle" farmers group (FG). The number of trainingparticipants involved in this activity is approximately 25 peoples, overall were cattle farmers with 2-3 cattle/person. Theimplementation of technology introduction programs was carried out in the form of training programs and technologyassistance. Several technology packages that have been implemented were: 1) ammoniation technology, 2) complete feedsilage fermentation technology, 3) manufacturing of local microorganism (LM) technology and 4) Urea Molasses Block(UMB) manufacturing technology. The results of the implementation of activities to increase the capacity of partnermembers in processing agricultural waste and livestock into alternative animal feed and organic fertilizer

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A model to account for the consequences of host nutrition on the outcome of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep: model evaluation

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182007002624 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 134 (9) ◽

pp. 1279-1289 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. VAGENAS ◽

S. C. BISHOP ◽

I. KYRIAZAKIS

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Worm Burden ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Sheep Model ◽

Host Nutrition ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Nutritional Strategies ◽

Different Levels

SUMMARYThis paper describes sensitivity analyses and expectations obtained from a mathematical model developed to account for the effects of host nutrition on the consequences of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep. The scenarios explored included different levels of parasitic challenge at different planes of nutrition, for hosts differing only in their characteristics for growth. The model was able to predict the consequences of host nutrition on the outcome of parasitism, in terms of worm burden, number of eggs excreted per gram faeces and animal performance. The model outputs predict that conclusions on the ability of hosts of different characteristics for growth to cope with parasitism (i.e. resistance) depend on the plane of nutrition. Furthermore, differences in the growth rate of sheep, on their own, are not sufficient to account for differences in the observed resistance of animals. The model forms the basis for evaluating the consequences of differing management strategies and environments, such as breeding for certain traits associated with resistance and nutritional strategies, on the consequences of gastrointestinal parasitism on sheep.

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307 A systems approach to understanding biosecurity decision-making

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 43-43

Author(s):

Scott C Merrill ◽

Christopher Koliba ◽

Gabriela Bucini ◽

Eric Clark ◽

Luke Trinity ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

African Swine Fever Virus ◽

The United States ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Communication Strategy ◽

Livestock Industry ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Operational Level

Abstract Disease and its consequences result in social and economic impacts to the US animal livestock industry, ranging from losses in human capital to economic costs in excess of a billion dollars annually. Impacts would dramatically escalate if a devastating disease like Foot and Mouth Disease or African Swine Fever virus were to emerge in the United States. Investing in preventative biosecurity can reduce the likelihood of disease incursions and their negative impact on our livestock industry, yet uncertainty persists with regards to developing an effective biosecurity structure and culture. Here we show the implications of human behavior and decision making for biosecurity effectiveness, from the operational level to the owner/managerial level and finally to the systems level. For example, adjustments to risk messaging strategies could double worker compliance with biosecurity practices at the operational level. The improvement of our risk communication strategy may increase willingness to invest in biosecurity. Furthermore, the adaptation of policies could nudge behavior so that we observe a short disease outbreak followed by a quick eradication instead of a pandemic. Our research shows how the emergence of now-endemic diseases, such as Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus, cannot be adequately modeled without the use of a human behavioral component. Focusing solely on any one sector or level of the livestock system is not sufficient to predict emergent disease patterns and their social and economic impact on livestock industries. These results provide insight toward developing more effective risk mitigation strategies and ways to nudge behavior toward more disease resilient systems.

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Phosphorous runoff risk assessment and its potential management using wollastonite according to geochemical modeling

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2019-0075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 787-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aneela Hayder ◽

Stephen Vanderburgt ◽

Rafael M. Santos ◽

Yi Wai Chiang

Keyword(s):

Risk Analysis ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Algal Bloom ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Geochemical Modeling ◽

Geochemical Modelling ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Phosphorus Pollution ◽

Contaminate Drinking Water

AbstractLoss of phosphorus from agricultural land through water runoff causes serious detrimental effects on the environment and on water quality. Phosphorous runoff from excessive use of fertilizers can cause algal blooms to grow in nearby water systems, producing toxins that contaminate drinking water sources and recreational water. In this study, a risk analysis of the algal toxin micro-cystin-LR and the mitigation of phosphorus from agriculture runoff is discussed. A risk analysis was performed on the algal bloom toxin microcystin-LR considering the Lake Erie algal bloom event of 2011 as a case study. Toxicity risk analysis results show that relatively low concentrations of microcystin-LR compared to recent case studies pose an acute health risk to both children and adults, and a significant increase in the risk of developing cancer is suggested but subject to further study given the assumptions made. This study investigated the potential of using wollastonite to mitigate phosphorus pollution, considering thermodynamic conditions of a constructed wetland receiving influent water from agriculture runoff, by using geochemical modelling. Geochemical modelling results show that wollastonite can react with phosphorus and capture it in the stable mineral form of hydroxyapatite, offering a possible strategy for risk mitigation of phosphorous runoff. A removal efficiency of 77% of phosphorus using wollastonite is calculated with the help of geochemical modelling.

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Optimizing Nutritional Strategies to Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Growth Failure after Bowel Resection

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Laura Moschino ◽

Miriam Duci ◽

Francesco Fascetti Leon ◽

Luca Bonadies ◽

Elena Priante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Bowel Resection ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽

Intestinal Rehabilitation ◽

Nutritional Strategies

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the first cause of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in the neonate, is a serious neonatal gastrointestinal disease with an incidence of up to 11% in preterm newborns less than 1500 g of birth weight. The rate of severe NEC requiring surgery remains high, and it is estimated between 20–50%. Newborns who develop SBS need prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN), experience nutrient deficiency, failure to thrive and are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Prevention of NEC is therefore mandatory to avoid SBS and its associated morbidities. In this regard, nutritional practices seem to play a key role in early life. Individualized medical and surgical therapies, as well as intestinal rehabilitation programs, are fundamental in the achievement of enteral autonomy in infants with acquired SBS. In this descriptive review, we describe the most recent evidence on nutritional practices to prevent NEC, the available tools to early detect it, the surgical management to limit bowel resection and the best nutrition to sustain growth and intestinal function.

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