The last mile.

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
Alan Fenwick ◽  
Wendie Norris ◽  
Becky McCall
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Last Mile

Abstract This book chapter presents the "state of the game" for consumers in different developing countries, describing the reasons for demanding SCI freedom, focusing on bureaucratic delays in drug distribution, establishment of schistosomiasis initiative, eradication of filariasis, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, schistosomiasis and STH.

Health Informatics Education in the Third World

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 270-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Rienhoff
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Third World ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Abstract:The state of the art is summarized showing many efforts but only few results which can serve as demonstration examples for developing countries. Education in health informatics in developing countries is still mainly dealing with the type of health informatics known from the industrialized world. Educational tools or curricula geared to the matter of development are rarely to be found. Some WHO activities suggest that it is time for a collaboration network to derive tools and curricula within the next decade.

scholarly journals The Rotavirus Vaccine Landscape, an Update

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Roberto Cárcamo-Calvo ◽  
Carlos Muñoz ◽  
Javier Buesa ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Oral Vaccines

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute childhood gastroenteritis, responsible for more than 128,500 deaths per year, mainly in low-income countries. Although the mortality rate has dropped significantly since the introduction of the first vaccines around 2006, an estimated 83,158 deaths are still preventable. The two main vaccines currently deployed, Rotarix and RotaTeq, both live oral vaccines, have been shown to be less effective in developing countries. In addition, they have been associated with a slight risk of intussusception, and the need for cold chain maintenance limits the accessibility of these vaccines to certain areas, leaving 65% of children worldwide unvaccinated and therefore unprotected. Against this backdrop, here we review the main vaccines under development and the state of the art on potential alternatives.

scholarly journals Assessment of the scientific-technological production in molecular biology in Brazil (1996-2007): the contribution of genomics programs

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 745-760
Author(s):  
Rogério Meneghini ◽  
Estêvão C. Gamba
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Genomic Technology ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
State Of Art

Several genome sequencing programs were launched in Brazil by the end of the nineties and the early 2000s.The most important initiatives were supported by the ONSA program (http://watson.fapesp.br/onsa/Genoma3.htm) and aimed at gaining domain in genomic technology and bringing molecular biology to the state of art. Two mainsets of data were collected in the 1996-2007 period to evaluate the results of these genome programs: the scientific production (Scopus and Web of Science databases) and the register of patents (US Patent and Trademark Office), both related to the progress of molecular biology along this period. In regard to the former, Brazil took a great leap in comparison to 17 other developed and developing countries, being only surpassed by China. As to the register of patents in the area of molecular biology, Brazil's performance lags far behind most of the countries focused in the presentstudy, confirming the Brazilian long-standing tendency of poor achievements in technological innovations when compared with scientific production. Possible solutions to surpass this inequality are discussed.

scholarly journals Horticulture Scenario in Tamilnadu: Progress and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
K Kesavalu ◽  
R Asokan ◽  
A Abdul Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plantation Crops

Horticulture is now acknowledged as being a vital driver for economic development, poverty reduction and enhanced nutrition for populations in developing countries. Tamil Nadu is one of the foremost horticulture States in India, contributing 7.7 percent to the national horticultural production with 5.7 percent of the national level area. The horticultural crops contain the remarkable potential for export earnings within the State. Cardamom and pepper are important species of Tamil Nadu; Plantation crops of Tamil Nadu are coffee and tea, and that they are traditionally exporting products. Flowers have small areas in Tamil Nadu, but the price of production per hectare is substantial. Palmarosa and indigo are cultivated in negligibly small rooms, mostly for export. Therefore, this paper examines the progress, problems and constraints of the horticulture scenario in Tamilnadu.

scholarly journals Peranan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai pilar pendidikan hak asasi manusia

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsono Warsono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Civics Education ◽  
The Core ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Democratic Principle

Human Rights are a fundamental problem in every country. especially in the developing countries such as Indonesia. Even though, the state had given protection of human right for everybody, but in Indonesia there are many breakdowns of it. As a democratic state, Indonesia has to regard human right. It is because the human rights were the core of democratic principle. So, the human rights must be trained in the school for every student. By using this way, everybody can know what their rights and obligations very well Civics education can be a vehicle for this goal, because it's one of lessons that talk about human rights and be learned in all school.

Executive–Legislative Relations, Party Defections, and Lower Level Administrative Unit Proliferation: Evidence From Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1595-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Hassan ◽  
Ryan Sheely
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Administrative Units

Over the past 25 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of subnational administrative units within developing countries. Existing literature argues that presidents create new units to deliver patronage to citizens. But proliferation at lower tiers of the state, that are too administratively distant from the president to credibly serve as patronage, does not follow this logic. We build from the premise that the creation of a new lower level unit comes with the appointment of a local administrator who develops a neopatrimonial relationship with the legislator whose constituency subsumes their jurisdiction. Presidents leverage this neopatrimonial relationship and create lower level units for copartisan legislators to ensure legislative support and prevent party defections. We find evidence supporting this argument using new data from Kenya. These findings illuminate how leaders can use administrative reform to undermine legislative checks against executive power.

The Essential Trinity

2014 ◽  
pp. 270-282
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Technology Industries

Successful high-tech industries can be understood as ecosystems of enterprises and related organizations that are geared to develop platforms of global products, processes, and services; these platforms, by turn, are based on solid industrial architectures. This is called the Essential Trinity concept. In this way, the main objective of this chapter is twofold: first, to argue that information technology industries in developing countries, such as Brazil, can be understood through the Essential Trinity concept; and second, to argue also that the main characteristic of this industry in developing countries is that it has been historically organized only in terms of ecosystems of enterprises and related organizations, without developing either platforms of global products, processes, and services, or solid industrial architectures. In order to develop these arguments, the chapter presents the case of the IT industry in the state of Pernambuco (Northeast of Brazil), particularly through the development of its Porto Digital IT Park, as an example of an “unfinished essential trinity.”

Financial Nexus

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-129
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bank Soundness

This book chapter investigates the financial nexus generated by bank soundness, concentration, and efficiency in the banking sector, as well as the development of the capital markets. The selected databases includes the time period between 1997 and 2010 for a large sample of 63 developed and developing countries. The empirical findings suggested that bank performance has a high impact on the relation between soundness, structural and functional characteristics of the banking sector. The econometric framework is complex and the empirical results appear to be robust for various measures of the selected variables and for distinct estimation techniques.

The Elusive Last Mile to the Internet

2011 ◽  
pp. 540-560
Author(s):  
V. Sridhar ◽  
Piyush Jain
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Service Level ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Service Level Agreements ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Mission Critical

This case highlights the challenges faced by organizations in developing countries in getting reliable, high-speed Internet access to support their mission critical web enabled information systems. The case prescribes various measures to optimally use the constrained bandwidth available from service providers. The challenges in defining and monitoring appropriate service level agreements with the service providers are discussed.

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