scholarly journals Food safety and nutrition.

2020 ◽  
pp. 338-365
Author(s):  
Delia Grace ◽  
Silvia Alonso ◽  
Bernard Bett ◽  
Johanna Lindahl ◽  
Ekta Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Major Development ◽  
To Come ◽  
National Training ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Oriented Approach

Abstract This book chapter focuses on a programme on improving human health through livestock research in three areas: (i) animal-source foods for nutrition; (ii) zoonoses (diseases transmitted between animals and people); and (iii) FBD. This was the first CGIAR group with an explicit food safety mandate (rather than focusing on specific hazards) and with expertise in using research methods for food safety rather than diseases in general. ILRI was also one of the first groups to focus on food safety in the 'informal markets' of developing countries, and by the 2010s, had become the lead research institute globally in this emerging area. ILRI research on FBD has resulted in many science outputs, including some genuinely innovative tools and approaches, and has already demonstrated outcomes at community, national and regional levels. These include substantial inputs into global, regional and national strategies and national training programmes. The major development-oriented approach - the triple-path for training, motivating and enabling of informal market agents - has been shown to be both scalable and sustainable. While questions remain about its lasting effects on food safety and its application outside those few countries where its success has been demonstrated, the next few years should bring further evidence about this, with benefits lasting for many decades to come.

scholarly journals Purpose of Savings and its Determinants in Case of Destitute Population An Empirical Analysis of Slum Dwellers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-517
Author(s):  
Firdous Ahmad Malik ◽  
D.K. Yadav ◽  
Andleeb Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The People ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
To Come ◽  
Institutional Mechanism ◽  
Oriented Approach

Research has shown that poor people living in under developing countries are saving less, little is known about the responsible factors which influence savings of these poor urban groups.  The following study is based on Theoretical perspectives for examining the nature of savings among Slum dwellers in Lucknow. Three perspectives have been analysed in the study which are Individual capabilities-oriented perspectives, Sociological perspectives and Institutional mechanism (supply-oriented approach) towards the marginal sections of the society. The responsible factors for low savings are due to monopoly-based supply-oriented banking discipline, financial illiteracy, income of the people etc. Findings of the paper suggests that poor people are worth to save and are saving, particularly if both the banking and institutional barriers are removed and made more inclusive so that poor people themselves try to come out from the problem of poverty.

Informal Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja P. Jakobi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Many

Informal markets have often been conceived primarily as a problem in developing countries, while they are also a frequent element of developed economies and global economic exchange. This article analyzes informal markets from an International Political Economy (IPE) perspective, examining two substantially different understandings of informal markets and related research: From the first perspective, analyses focus on how informal markets relate to formal markets, how large the informal market is, and what kind of deviation exists between the formal and informal sector. The second perspective analyzes informal markets against the background of illegal markets and crime. In a first step, the article elaborates on the many varieties and definitions of informal markets. In a second step, the article details explanations for the rise of informal markets. Research typically analyzes the local and national level of informal markets, less so international and transnational linkages, and IPE can contribute to this research substantially. In a third step, the article discusses the methodological challenges linked to assessing the existence and size of informal markets, and the fourth section presents different policies on how informal markets are governed. The concluding section outlines areas for further IPE research on informal markets.

Peter J. Montiel, Pierre-Richer Agenor, and Nadeem ul Haque. Informal Financial Markets in Developing Countries: A Macroeconomic Analysis. Published in the "Advances in Theoretical and Applied Economics" series edited by Homa Motamen-Scobie. Oxford: Blackwell. 1992. i-xi + 212 pp., including appendices. Hardbound. £40.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Willem Van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
Financial Repression ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
Econometric Analyses

This volume reviews the nature and scope of informal financial markets in developing countries and elaborates on the theoretical and conceptual models which analyse 'financial repression' and other aspects of government intervention in financial markets. It also focuses on the consequences which the prevalence of informal financial markets in developing countries may have for monetary and exchange rate policy. In particular, it attempts to capture the functioning of informal, unregulated markets into macroeconomic models, working towards a general eqUilibrium model with informal financial markets. Two types of informal markets are analysed. The first are for informal lending at terms and conditions which differ greatly from those prevailing in the official banking system. The second are the 'parallel' markets for foreign exchange which tend to emerge in response to quantity restrictions on trade and administered allocation of foreign exchange to certain users at official rates, which are well below those on the parellel markets. The key question is whether these informal markets change the efficacy of monetary and credit policy-and, if they do, to what extent and in what direction? Two supporting appendices present econometric analyses of the efficiency of parallel currency markets and the degree of capital mobility in developing countries.

The Effect of Stricter Foreign Regulations on Food Safety Levels in Developing Countries: A Study of Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Donovan ◽  
Julie A. Caswell ◽  
Elisabete Salay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety

scholarly journals Global neurosurgery, Bangladesh and COVID-19 era

2020 ◽  
pp. 574-576
Author(s):  
Robert Ahmed Khan ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas ◽  
Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Service ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
To Come

Background. COVID-19 has become an alarming pandemic for our earth. It has created panic not only in China but also in developing countries like Bangladesh. Bangladesh has adequate confinements to constrain the spread of the infection and in this circumstance, overall healthcare workers including neurosurgeons are confronting a ton of difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to depict the proficiency of Global neurosurgery in this COVID-19 time. Method. Global neurosurgery offers the chance of fusing the best proof-based guidelines of care. This paper demonstrated that, in low to middle-income countries, Global medical procedure has been received to address the issues of residents who lack critical surgical care. Results. Inappropriate and insufficient asset allotment has been a significant obstacle for the health system for decently giving security to the patients. The fundamental training process has been genuinely hampered in the current circumstance. Worldwide health activities have set to an alternate centre and Global neurosurgery as an assurance is slowed down. Conclusion. This paper recommended that Global neurosurgical activities need to come forward and increase the workforce to emphasize surgical service.

scholarly journals Triple bottom line of the CSR concept and its reporting

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Belas ◽  
Katarina Zvarikova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
To Come ◽  
Frequent Problem

Research background: The global situation is alarming. Many scholars, politicians, non-profit organizations and journalists worldwide remind of these arising problems. Sustainability seems to be the only solution, and also many companies try to do their best to contribute to this issue. Purpose of the article: CSR is considered a valuable tool in many fields – profit, stakeholders, and environmental dimensions. All these dimensions are characterized by their specifics, but it is proven that CSR positively impacts all of them. But the frequent problem is that although the companies are aware of the stakeholders´ importance, they are not able to report their activities or report them in an understanding way. Methods: Methods of the literature review is used for the theoretical background to understand the importance of three dimensions of CSR. Method of analysis is used to analyze of GRI index. Findings & Value added: Literature review proves the importance of CSR towards all three dimensions. According to analysis of the DRI index, it is evident, that not only organizations from developed countries have reported, but also organizations from developing countries had become reporting. Following the result of our analysis, we can see that 1 694 organizations from 80 countries try to come close to stakeholders and want to inform them about their activities.

Financial Nexus

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-129
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bank Soundness

This book chapter investigates the financial nexus generated by bank soundness, concentration, and efficiency in the banking sector, as well as the development of the capital markets. The selected databases includes the time period between 1997 and 2010 for a large sample of 63 developed and developing countries. The empirical findings suggested that bank performance has a high impact on the relation between soundness, structural and functional characteristics of the banking sector. The econometric framework is complex and the empirical results appear to be robust for various measures of the selected variables and for distinct estimation techniques.

Adoption of Open Source Software in Libraries in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 520-531
Author(s):  
Josiline Phiri Chigwada
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Modern Library ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The University

A survey on the adoption of open source software in libraries in developing countries was conducted. An online questionnaire was sent to Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and Special Commonwealth Assistance for Africa (SCAAP) participants for the Advanced Certificate Course in Modern Library Practices and the Lib@web participants of the Management of Electronic Information and Digital Libraries programme at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. The ITEC/SCAAP programme is sponsored by Government of India while the Lib@web programme is sponsored by Flemish Interuniversity Council – Belgian Development Council (VLIR-OUS). The data was collected from 31 librarians who attended these training programmes. The findings revealed that most libraries in developing countries which sent participants to these programmes have adopted open source software. The author recommends that librarians should continue upgrading their skills so that they are conversant with how the various open source software can be used in their institutions.

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