A comparative cost-benefit analysis of mobile and sedentary pastoral production systems in selected villages in Northern Tanzania.

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-98
Author(s):  
Lucas E. Yamat ◽  
Claude G. Mung'ong'o
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

Abstract Despite a growing body of evidence that highlights the economic, social and environmental benefits of mobile pastoralism, few governments are ready to tolerate mobility and many policy makers promote knowingly or inadvertently the policies of sedentarization. This production system seems not to be clearly understood by many and has been characterized as backward, environmentally destructive and economically unsustainable; and the view is that it should be replaced with more sedentary forms of livestock production or other beneficial land uses. The overriding question is whether sedentary livestock keeping is more productive and utilizes fewer resources and less space than the mobile pastoral system. This study carried out a comparative cost-benefit analysis of the two production systems in selected villages of Kiteto and Karatu districts. The aim was to come up with credible data to test this hypothesis. Two alternatives were compared in terms of their net present value (NPV) to test a null hypothesis. The alternative with an NPV greater than zero or higher than its alternative was accepted to be more viable compared with the one with an NPV less than zero or less than its alternative. Whenever the NPV of the sedentary production system in the analysis was shown to be greater than zero and/or greater than the NPV of the mobile pastoral production system the null hypothesis was accepted and vice versa. The study was conducted in Makame village of Kiteto District and Dofa village of Karatu District. Makame village represents a mobile pastoral production system while Dofa village represents a sedentary production system. The study employed a quantitative approach using a household survey in the two villages. The comparative cost-benefit analysis was carried out using monetary values derived from the livestock unit statistical approach. The findings have revealed that the average cost of maintaining a mobile pastoral and sedentary production systems are TSh90,096,333 and TSh112,295,200, respectively. The cost-benefit ratios are 1:0.5 for a mobile pastoral production system and 1:0.25 for the sedentary one.

WELFARE-REDUCING GROWTH AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS: ESSAY IN MEMORY OF E.J. MISHAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640013 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEW-KWANG NG
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
The One

Mishan’s emphasis on the costs of economic growth half a century ago is becoming more important in this era of environmental concerns. More recently, another possible source of immiserizing growth is the one-child policy (recently relaxed) of China. This resulted in a biased sex-ratio and higher competition to earn incomes (to increase the probability of getting a wife), resulting in positive effects on GDP but negative effects on welfare. The implications of welfare-reducing growth for cost-benefit analysis and the legalization of prostitution are also discussed.

Radio Broadcasters and the Challenge of Television: A New Orleans Case

1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-329
Author(s):  
C. Joseph Pusateri
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Case History ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Classic Case ◽  
Broadcasting Station ◽  
Show Business ◽  
The One

This is a classic case history in entrepreneurship — the successful introduction of innovation — in which a conservative, contented chief executive of a richly successful AM broadcasting station, a manager whose real talents and interests lay entirely outside the field of “show business,” is pitted against another executive whose knowledge of electronic entertainment was profound. If any name can be given to the one trait that the former did not have and that the latter had in abundance and which, as Dean Pusateri shows, led on to victory, it was an enlightened enthusiasm of the kind that is not readily expressed in logical terms nor subjected to cost-benefit analysis. For WWL-TV, enthusiasm won, and the rest is history.

scholarly journals Análisis coste-beneficio de las estructuras inteligentes = Cost-benefit analysis of intelligent structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Felix Ruiz Gorrindo ◽  
Pau Martí Colom ◽  
Ariadna Llorens Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Smart Structure ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Intelligent Structures ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
The One

Resumen Definimos estructura inteligente como aquella estructura dotada de unos sensores (en especial continuos y de fibra óptica), de manera que es capaz de transmitir datos de interés sobre su estado de salud (deformaciones, fisuraciones, oxidaciones, etc.). Esta tecnología puede facilitar el mantenimiento preventivo de los edificios y la gestión de su salud estructural. Por ello, un aspecto de interés necesario a analizar para saber si la tecnología es aplicable o no, es evaluar su rentabilidad. Así, el objeto de este artículo es realizar un análisis coste-beneficio de las estructuras inteligentes, estudiando por un lado cuál es el incremento de coste inicial que supone la implementación de la propuesta, y por otro lado evaluar cuál es el ahorro de dinero a lo largo del tiempo que supone la aplicación de la misma, lo que permite establecer el periodo de retorno de la inversión inicial, y a partir de qué momento se pueden esperar beneficios netos. Abstract Smart structure is defined as that structure equipped with sensors (especially continuous and composed of fiber optic), so that it is capable of transmitting data of interest about its state of health (deformations, cracks, oxidations, etc.). This technology can facilitate the preventive maintenance of buildings and the management of their structural health. Therefore, an aspect of interest necessary to analyze in order to know if the technology is applicable or not, is to evaluate its profitability. Thus, the objective of this article is to perform a cost-benefit analysis of smart structures, studying on the one hand which is the initial cost increase involved in the implementation of the proposal, and on the other hand to evaluate which is the saving of money to over the time that the application of it represents, what allows to establish the payback period of the initial investment, and from which moment you can expect net benefits.

The Audio Check

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Rebecca Littman ◽  
Graeme Blair ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Check Method

Data quality and trust in the data collection process are critical concerns in survey research, particularly when surveyors are needed for reaching “diverse and inconvenient subject pools.” In response to irregularities in a smartphone-based pilot survey data collection in Nigeria, we developed an audio check method that unobtrusively recorded surveyors reading aloud questions to participants. We present evidence that this method detected wholesale data fabrication in 14% of our surveys, prevented further fabrication, and improved data quality through provision of regular feedback to surveyors. Using simulation, we demonstrate that undetected fabrication would have introduced significant bias in our analyses. The audio check performs well compared to more traditional methods of detecting fabrication, and a comparative cost–benefit analysis reveals a savings of more than US$1,500 per surveyor by relying on the audio check. The audio check is a viable tool for psychologists who work with survey teams.

scholarly journals A Comparative Cost-Benefit Analysis of Conventional and Organic Hazelnuts Production Systems in Center Italy

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Coppola ◽  
Michele Costantini ◽  
Luigi Orsi ◽  
Davide Facchinetti ◽  
Francesco Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Payback Time

In this study, the economic profitability of hazelnut production in central Italy using conventional and organic farming systems was evaluated using the cost–benefit analysis methodology. Viterbo’s province is the leading province in Italy in terms of quantity produced. Three indicators were calculated for both farming systems: net present value, payback time, internal rate of return. The analysis was conducted utilizing primary data collected by means of interviews and surveys with local farmers and organizations of producers. The collected production data refer to the decade 2008–2018; a global area of 100.34 ha and 76.14 ha were considered for conventional and organic cultivation, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was carried out considering different discount rates, price variability, and inflation rates. The net present value is equal to 92,800 €/ha and to 3778 €/ha, the payback time is 10.47 years and 42.94 years, while the internal rate of return is 12.2% and 1.1% for the conventional and organic production systems, respectively. The conventional production system performs significantly more remuneratively, considering that the price premium paid by the market for the organic product and the subsidies granted to organic farmers are not sufficient to balance the lower yield.

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