Choice of grass or maize silages by lactating dairy cows: influence of supplementary protein, concentrate level and milk yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Habib ◽  
J.S. Syed ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Preference Testing ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Concentrate Level

AbstratPreference testing of two foods provides a means of assessing the relative value an animal places on the foods. Two experiments examined the relative choice of grass and maize silages by lactating dairy cows, and investigated whether protein supplementation, concentrate level or milk yield level of cow influenced this choice. In experiment 1, 16 cows including eight high (30 kg/day) and eight low (17 kg/day) yielding (milk level, ML) cows were offered a low (171 g/kg dry matter (DM)) or a high (300 g/kg DM) crude protein (CP) concentrate in eight 2×2 Latin squares. In experiment 2, four cows were offered a low (112 g/kg DM) or a high (334 g/kg DM) CP content of concentrate at a low (3·5 kg/day) or high (7 kg/day) concentrate level (CL) in a 4×4 Latin-square design.CP of concentrate did not influence the proportion of grass silage to maize silage eaten in either experiment. Also, neither ML of cows (experiment 1) nor CL (experiment 2) affected proportions of the two silages eaten. The mean proportions selected were 0·88:0·12 and 0·52:0·48 for grass and maize silages in experiments 1 and 2 respectively, which reflected differences between experiments in the digestibilities of the silages, and indicated that digestibility may be an important factor influencing the choice of silages.The CP, CL and ML treatments produced significant responses in silage and total DM intakes. Feeding behaviour studies showed the responses to CP were associated with differences in meal size, which is a function of duration of each meal and rate of intake. The number of meals taken per day was similar for all treatments and averaged 8·0 and 8·1 for experiments 1 and 2 respectively.It was concluded that whilst lactating cows modified their feeding behaviour in response to the diets available, there was no evidence they modified the proportions of the two silages selected in order to meet a target protein content in the total diet. It would appear therefore that other factors, of which digestibility may be important, have a higher priority in choice.

Effect of nutrient demand and level of supplement on the intake and feeding behaviour of dairy cows offered grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
D.L. Romney ◽  
V. Blunn ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Yield Level

The nutrient demand of dairy cattle varies with milk yield level and is greater in early than in later lactation. This is likely to influence forage feeding behaviour and intake, although the mechanisms are not well understood. The objectives of this experiment were to examine the feeding behaviour of dairy cows in early and late lactation (representing two levels of nutrient demand), and at three levels of concentrate supplement (representing three dietary influences on demand for forage).

The responses of lactating dairy cows to diets based on grass silage of high or low DM and supplemented with fast and slowly fermentable energy sources

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
D. L. Romney ◽  
V. Blunn ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Present Trial

It has often been observed that increasing silage DM through wilting increases DM intake, although digestibility and efficiency of utilisation of nutrients tends to decrease, resulting in poor responses in terms of milk yield. Rapid solubilisation of nutrients in the rumen may give rise to rapid nutrient absorption, activating satiety mechanisms and resulting in shorter meals. In the present trial the difference in DM content of the silages was high (>200g/kg). Supplements based on different energy sources were fed to determine whether synchronisation of release of nutrients from the silage and the supplement modified DM intake and feeding behaviour.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of the Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Choline on the Metabolic Health and Performance of Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humer ◽  
Bruggeman ◽  
Zebeli
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

After parturition, cows undergo negative energy balance leading to fat mobilization, predisposing them to fatty liver syndrome and ketosis with major consequences for health and reproduction. Supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) has attracted major research efforts during the last decade, assuming that choline improves liver function by increasing very low-density lipoprotein exportation from the liver, thereby improving metabolic profiles, milk production, and reproduction. However, the effects of RPC on production, health, and reproduction have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of RPC supplementation, starting from d 20 (± 12.2) ante partum to d 53 (± 31.0) postpartum, on feed intake, milk production performance and metabolic profiles of dairy cows early postpartum. Data analyses from 27 published studies showed an increase in postpartal dry matter intake (from on average 19.1 to 19.9 kg/d; p < 0.01) and milk yield (from on average 31.8 to 32.9 kg/d; p = 0.03) in cows receiving RPC. Milk fat yield and milk protein yield were also increased (p ≤ 0.05), without changing milk protein and fat contents. However, no interactive effects between cow’s milk yield level and RPC-supplementation as well as no dose-dependent effects of RPC supplementation were observed. Supplementing the diet with RPC showed no effects on blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and cholesterol), independent of the milk yield level of the cows. An effect on liver triacylglycerol contents, incidence of ketosis, and mastitis could not be confirmed across all studies included in this meta-analysis. Also, the positive effects of RPC supplementation on reproductive performance were not consistent findings. In conclusion, supplementing RPC in lactating dairy cows showed positive effects on dry matter intake which likely caused the improved milk yield. However, RPC supplementation did not improve the metabolic health status of the cows. As several factors might be related to the responses to RPC, further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms of RPC action in lactating cows, especially with regards to feed intake improvement and its related metabolic health-promoting potential in early lactating dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effects of chitosan on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gomes de Paiva ◽  
Elmeson Ferreira de Jesus ◽  
Tiago Antonio Del Valle ◽  
Gustavo Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Artur Gabriel Brao Vilas Boas Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Four Levels

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of providing increasing levels of chitosan on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood parameters, nitrogen utilisation, microbial protein synthesis, and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows. Eight rumen-fistulated Holstein cows [average days in lactation = 215 ± 60.9; and average bodyweight (BW) = 641 ± 41.1 kg] were assigned into a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, with 21-day evaluation periods. Cows were assigned to be provided with four levels of chitosan, placed into the rumen through the fistula, as follows: (1) Control: with no provision of chitosan; (2) 75 mg/kg BW; (3) 150 mg/kg BW; and (4) 225 mg/kg BW. Chitosan had no effect on dry matter intake (P > 0.73); however, chitosan increased (P = 0.05) crude protein digestibility. Propionate concentration was increased (P = 0.02), and butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and acetate : propionate ratio were decreased (P ≤ 0.04) by chitosan. Chitosan had no effect (P > 0.25) on acetate, pH and NH3 ruminal concentration. Glucose, urea, and hepatic enzyme concentrations in the blood were similar (P > 0.30) among treatments. Nitrogen balance was not affected, but chitosan increased milk nitrogen (P = 0.02). Microbial protein synthesis was not affected by chitosan (P > 0.44). Chitosan increased (P = 0.02) milk yield, fat-corrected milk, protein and lactose production. Chitosan changes ruminal fermentation and improves milk yield of lactating dairy cows; therefore, we conclude that chitosan can be used as a rumen modulator instead of ionophores in diets for dairy cows.

scholarly journals Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Production Efficiency, and Nutrient Digestibility of Lactating Dairy Cows Receiving Fresh Cassava Root and Solid Feed-Block Containing High Sulfur

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Gamonmas Dagaew ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Sineenart Polyorach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

This study evaluates the effects of fresh cassava root (CR) and a solid feed-block containing sulfur (S-FB) on fermentation in the rumen, feed utilization, milk yield, and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein-Friesian cows with 470 ± 50.0 kg body weight (BW), 10 ± 2 kg day−1 average milk yield, and 112 ± 15 days-in-milk were studied. A 2 × 2 factorial combination was arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate the treatment-related effects. The treatments were obtained from a combination of two factors: (1) levels of CR at 10 g kg−1 BW (CR-1) and 15 g kg−1 (CR-1.5) and (2) levels of sulfur supplementation in solid feed-block at 20 g kg−1 (S-FB-2) and 40 g kg−1 (S-FB-4). The results showed that CR and S-FB had no interaction effect on feed intake, digestibility, fermentation, blood metabolites, milk yield, or its composition. Feeding CR up to 15 g kg−1 of the BW significantly increased (p < 0.05) the milk fat concentration while it decreased (p < 0.05) the somatic cell count. The S-FB-4 of the sulfur significantly (p < 0.05) increased the acid detergent fiber when compared with the S-FB-2 of the sulfur. CR could be fed up to 15 g kg−1 of BW with S-FB containing high sulfur (40 g kg−1) in dairy cows without a negative impact.

Intake, digestibility and feeding behaviour of grazing dairy cows supplemented with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residue

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (13) ◽  
pp. 1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Zanine ◽  
A. A. Fonseca ◽  
M. D. Ribeiro ◽  
F. P. Leonel ◽  
D. J. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Context In Brazil, dairy cattle pasture-based systems use grass pasture as the main feed source, with little or no supplementation. However, it is necessary to invest in nutritional technologies that allow dairy cattle systems to produce milk with a high protein and energy content, and better total bacterial counts at low costs. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding a common bean residue (CBR) to cattle diets on feed intake, digestibility and feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows. Methods Eight lactating Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows, with an average bodyweight of 500 ± 30 kg (mean ± s.d.) and a mean daily milk yield of 13 ± 2 kg/cow were randomly assigned in a double 4 × 4 Latin square. The treatments consisted of four increasing levels of CBR (134, 240, 348 and 449 g/kg) in the concentrate. Key results The inclusion of CBR linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.034) the DM intake and neutral detergent fibre intake of pasture, sugarcane and the total diet. The inclusion of CBR did not affect (P ≥ 0.111) grazing, rumination or idle time. The feeding efficiency in kg DM/h and kg neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein/h linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.001), with an estimated decrease of 39.1 and 23.4 g/h respectively for every 10 g/kg of CBR added to the concentrate. The number of boluses per day and the time spent per ruminated bolus were not affected (P ≥ 0.086) by CBR inclusion. Conclusions The results obtained in this study indicate that the inclusion of up to 240 g/kg of CBR to the diets of lactating dairy cows with a mean daily milk yield of 13 kg, managed on pastures, is recommended. Implications The use of CBR, which has high availability in several countries, may be an alternative to supplying small ruminants.

Effects of feeding blend-pelleted co-products on nutrients intake, digestibility, and production performance of high producing dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Ismael ◽  
Victor H. Guevara-Oquendo ◽  
Basim Refat ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Peiqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Nutrients Intake

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feeding newly-developed blend-pelleted carinata meal (BPPCR) and blend-pelleted canola meal (BPPCN) on nutrients intake, digestibility, and production performance of high producing dairy cows. In this study, nine mid-lactating Holstein cows (BW 679 ±124 kg; DIM 96 ± 22) were used in a triplicated 3×3 Latin Square study. Within each square, each cow was randomly assigned to one of the three treatments: Control (typical barley-based diet in western Canada); BPPCR (soybean and canola meal in the control diet replaced by blend-pelleted carinata meal), BPPCN (soybean and canola meal in the control diet replaced by blend-pelleted canola meal). Each period lasted for 21 days, with the first 14 days as an adaptation period. The total collection of feces and urine were conducted on six cows from two Latin squares. The results showed that there were no treatment effects on milk yield, milk composition, milk yield, and nutrients intake and digestibility (P > 0.10). The nitrogen balance among the three treatment groups was not different either. In conclusion, replacing soybean meal and canola meal with blend-pelleted co-products did not affect the nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance in high producing dairy cows.

Effect of nutrient demand and level of supplement on the intake and feeding behaviour of dairy cows offered grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
D.L. Romney ◽  
V. Blunn ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Yield Level

The nutrient demand of dairy cattle varies with milk yield level and is greater in early than in later lactation. This is likely to influence forage feeding behaviour and intake, although the mechanisms are not well understood. The objectives of this experiment were to examine the feeding behaviour of dairy cows in early and late lactation (representing two levels of nutrient demand), and at three levels of concentrate supplement (representing three dietary influences on demand for forage).

scholarly journals A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller’s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Khalili ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Twenty Friesian cows in four pens were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment with 4 wk experimental periods to evaluate the effects on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of treating barley dried distiller’s solubles (DDS) with a formaldehyde reagent, and to compare DDS with rapeseed meal as a protein supplement in dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet. The control diet (C) consisted of grass silage ad libitum fed with 8.5 kg/d of concentrate based on barley, oats and barley fibre (250, 250 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)). In three other diets 1.5 kg/d of the basal concentrate was replaced with rapeseed meal (RSM) treated for reduced ruminal degradability, 1.5 kg of untreated DDS (UDDS) or 1.5 kg of DDS treated with formaldehyde reagent at the level of 15 l/t (TDDS). On average, protein supplementation increased silage and total DM intake by approximately 0.5 kg/d (P>0.05). Milk yield (P

Effect of Herbal Galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) on Milk Yield and Milk Constituents in Lactating Kankrej Cattle at Organised Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
H H Panchasara ◽  
A B Chaudhari ◽  
D A Patel ◽  
Y M Gami ◽  
M P Patel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Group I ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding herbal galactogogue preparation (Sanjivani biokseera) on the milk yield and milk constituents in lactating Kankrej cows. Thirty-two lactating Kankrej cows in their 1st to 6th lactation were taken for the experiment from 3 days after calving up to 52 days postpartum. All the animals were fed as per the standard seasonally available roughages and concentrates to meet their nutritional requirements. The cows were randomly divided into two uniform groups of 16 cows in each according to initial milk yield and milk composition. The animals in group-I were not given any supplement and served as control. The animals in group-II were given Sanjivani biokseera (Naturewell Industries) @ 60 g per day for 1-month, commencing 3 days after calving, in addition to the usual feeds/fodders. A clear difference was observed in milk yield from day 8 onward of experiment between groups with significant (plessthan0 0.05) higher values from day 16-52 in cows fed herbal galactogogue as compared to control, but no such distinct effect on milk constituents was observed on day 52 when analyzed. The use of herbal galactogogue significantly (p lessthan 0.05) increased the overall average of 52 days milk production, which was 9.34 ± 0.21 lit/day in supplemented as compared to 7.75 ± 0.26 lit/day in control animals. It was concluded that herbal galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) could increase milk yield in lactating dairy cows through its galactopoetic property and improved rumen environment.

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