Effects of feeding blend-pelleted co-products on nutrients intake, digestibility, and production performance of high producing dairy cows

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feeding newly-developed blend-pelleted carinata meal (BPPCR) and blend-pelleted canola meal (BPPCN) on nutrients intake, digestibility, and production performance of high producing dairy cows. In this study, nine mid-lactating Holstein cows (BW 679 ±124 kg; DIM 96 ± 22) were used in a triplicated 3×3 Latin Square study. Within each square, each cow was randomly assigned to one of the three treatments: Control (typical barley-based diet in western Canada); BPPCR (soybean and canola meal in the control diet replaced by blend-pelleted carinata meal), BPPCN (soybean and canola meal in the control diet replaced by blend-pelleted canola meal). Each period lasted for 21 days, with the first 14 days as an adaptation period. The total collection of feces and urine were conducted on six cows from two Latin squares. The results showed that there were no treatment effects on milk yield, milk composition, milk yield, and nutrients intake and digestibility (P > 0.10). The nitrogen balance among the three treatment groups was not different either. In conclusion, replacing soybean meal and canola meal with blend-pelleted co-products did not affect the nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance in high producing dairy cows.

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A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller’s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72410 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 455-463

Author(s):

Pekka Huhtanen ◽

Hannele Khalili ◽

Matti Näsi

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Ad Libitum

Twenty Friesian cows in four pens were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment with 4 wk experimental periods to evaluate the effects on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of treating barley dried distiller’s solubles (DDS) with a formaldehyde reagent, and to compare DDS with rapeseed meal as a protein supplement in dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet. The control diet (C) consisted of grass silage ad libitum fed with 8.5 kg/d of concentrate based on barley, oats and barley fibre (250, 250 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)). In three other diets 1.5 kg/d of the basal concentrate was replaced with rapeseed meal (RSM) treated for reduced ruminal degradability, 1.5 kg of untreated DDS (UDDS) or 1.5 kg of DDS treated with formaldehyde reagent at the level of 15 l/t (TDDS). On average, protein supplementation increased silage and total DM intake by approximately 0.5 kg/d (P>0.05). Milk yield (P

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Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Chanco-Style Cheese from Early Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Winter Brassica Crops

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza ◽

Rodrigo A. Ibáñez ◽

José Ramón Rodríguez ◽

Christian Alvarado-Gillis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Brassica Crops

Brassica crops such as kale and swede can be supplied to cow diets during winter, however little is known about the effects of feeding those forage brassicas to lactating cows on cheese nutritional characteristics of milk and cheese. This study evaluated the effect of including kale or swede in pasture-fed lactating dairy cow diets on chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory characteristics of Chanco-style cheese. Twelve early-lactation cows were used in a replicated (n = 4) 3 × 3 square Latin square design. The control diet consisted of (DM basis) 10.0 kg of grass silage, 4.0 kg of fresh grass pasture, 1.5 kg soybean meal, 1.0 kg of canola meal, and 4.0 kg of cereal-based concentrate. The other treatments replaced 25% of the diet with swede or kale. Milk yield, milkfat, and milk protein were similar between treatments as were cheese moisture, fat, and protein. Swede and kale increased total saturated cheese FA while thrombogenic index was greater in swede, but color homogeneity and salty flavor were greater while ripe cheese aroma less than for kale. Kale or swede can be used in the diet of pasture-fed lactating dairy cows without negative effects on milk production, milk composition, or cheese composition. However, kale and swede increased total cheese saturated FA.

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The effects of feeding high fiber canola meal on total tract digestibility and milk production

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a96-074 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. F. Mustafa ◽

D. A. Christensen ◽

J. J. McKinnon

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Block Design ◽

Latin Square ◽

Total Solid ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

High Fiber

Two studies were undertaken to evaluate the nutritive value of high fiber canola meal (HFCM) relative to regular canola meal for ruminants. In the first study, 21 growing lambs were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the total tract digestion coefficients of dry matter (DMD), crude protein (CPD), gross energy (GED), neutral (NDFD) and acid (ADFD) detergent fiber and the digestible energy (DE) contents of seven dehydrated alfalfa-based diets containing 0, 250, 500 and 750 g kg−1 HFCM or canola meal. In the second study, the effect of feeding HFCM as a protein supplement to dairy cows relative to canola meal and soybean meal (SBM) was examined in a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design. Results of the first study showed that HFCM had lower (P < 0.05) DMD, CPD, GED and DE contents than canola meal. The estimated DMD, CPD and GED and DE contents for HFCM were 674 and 795 g kg−1, 695 kJ MJ−1 and 13.68 MJ kg−1, respectively. The corresponding values for canola meal were 707 and 841 g kg−1, 727 kJ MJ−1 and 14.10 MJ kg−1, respectively. Results of the second study showed that protein supplement source had no effect on DM intake, milk yield, milk fat g kg−1, lactose g kg−1 and total solid g kg−1. However, cows fed HFCM- and canola meal-based diets produced milk with lower (P < 0.05) protein content than those fed the SBM-based diet. It was concluded that HFCM had lower total tract nutrient digestion coefficients and DE content compared with canola meal. Incorporation of HFCM in dairy rations up to 100 g kg−1 of the ration had no adverse effect on milk yield or milk composition compared with canola meal. Key words: High fiber, canola meal, total tract digestibility, lactation

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Effect of pasture species on milk yield and milk composition

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1995.57.2169 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 151-156

Author(s):

Robyn J. Johnson ◽

N.A. Thomson

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Latin Square ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Trifolium Repens L ◽

Dactylis Glomerata L

One 10-day experiment in autumn 1994 then four 10-day experiments throughout the 1994195 lactation in a complete Latin square investigated the effect of pasture species on yield, composition and total colour of milk from dairy cows. Treatments were Grasslands Kopu white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Yatsyn- 1 perennial ryegrass (L&urn perenne L.), Grasslands Kahu timothy (Phfeum pratense L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) offered at similar allowances of green leaf. Cows grazing white clover produced higher (P

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Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine on Production Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Blood Parameters, Ruminal Metabolites and Economic Effectiveness in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows

10.21203/rs.3.rs-526624/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jialin Wei ◽

Mengying Dou ◽

Shuai Liu ◽

Bichuan Yan ◽

Cuiyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Economic Effectiveness ◽

Production Performance ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract Background: Because of disadvantages of excessive dietary crude protein (CP), decreasing dietary CP of dairy cows has attracted the worldwide attention. Rumen protected methionine (RPM) supplementation can allow lower CP diets and is beneficial to milk production performance, N efficiency of cows and environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary CP and supplementing RPM on production, digestibility of nutrients, blood parameters, ruminal metabolites and economic effectiveness in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Results: A total of 96 lactating cows (63 ± 25 d in milk; 34.4 ± 5.74 kg/d of milk production; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: diet containing 17.3% CP without RPM (control group; CON; n = 49); diet containing 16.4% CP with supplementing 15.0 g/d of RPM (treatment group; RPM; n = 47). No effect was observed of reducing dietary CP on milk yield and milk composition. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar between treatments. The results related to blood showed that cows in RPM group exhibited lower concentration of blood urea nitrogen than that in CON group (P < 0.001). Moreover, there were no differences between treatments on concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, globulin and albumin. In ruminal metabolites, microbial crude protein (MCP) of dairy cows in RPM group was higher compared with CON group (P = 0.006). Ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were not changed by treatments except that the concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate of RPM group were higher than that of CON group at 2 h after feeding (P < 0.05). In addition, supplying the diet of 16.4% CP with RPM supplementation to cows could reduce feeding cost by 0.5 $/d per cow and boost net profits. Conclusions: Lower dietary CP with RPM supplementation did not limit milk yield, milk composition and apparent digestibility of nutrients, and could improve nitrogen utilization of dairy cows and synthesis of MCP in rumen, change VFA production at 2 h after feeding, as well as boost the economic benefits of the dairy farms.

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Annatto seeds as Antioxidants Source with Linseed Oil for Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1465

Author(s):

Jesus A. C. Osorio ◽

João L. P. Daniel ◽

Jakeline F. Cabral ◽

Kleves V. Almeida ◽

Karoline L. Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Latin Square ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Chain Fatty Acid

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of annatto seeds, linseed oil and their combination on DMI, apparent total tract digestibility, antioxidant capacity and milk composition of dairy cows. Four lactating Holstein cows (120 ± 43 days in milk; 15.98 ± 2.02 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without annatto seeds at 15 g/kg of dry matter (DM); with or without linseed oil at 30 g/kg of DM) and provided four different diets: control (no annatto seeds or linseed oil); annatto seeds (15 g/kg of DM); linseed oil (30 g/kg of DM); and a combination of both annatto seeds and linseed oil. Annatto seeds reduced DM intake, and milk yield, protein and lactose, but increased content of fat, total solids and short chain fatty acid, with no effect on total antioxidant capacity of milk. Linseed oil supplementation decreased medium chain fatty acid proportion and n-6/n-3 ratio, conversely it increased long chain fatty acids and n-3 fatty acid content of milk, ether extract intake and total-tract digestibility. Thus, linseed oil supplementation in dairy cow diets improved the milk FA profile but decreased milk fat concentration, whereas annatto seeds did not influence antioxidant capacity and depressed feed intake and milk yield.

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Choice of grass or maize silages by lactating dairy cows: influence of supplementary protein, concentrate level and milk yield

Animal Science ◽

10.1079/asc200651 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 469-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Habib ◽

J.S. Syed ◽

J.D. Leaver

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Latin Square ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Preference Testing ◽

Yield Level ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Concentrate Level

AbstratPreference testing of two foods provides a means of assessing the relative value an animal places on the foods. Two experiments examined the relative choice of grass and maize silages by lactating dairy cows, and investigated whether protein supplementation, concentrate level or milk yield level of cow influenced this choice. In experiment 1, 16 cows including eight high (30 kg/day) and eight low (17 kg/day) yielding (milk level, ML) cows were offered a low (171 g/kg dry matter (DM)) or a high (300 g/kg DM) crude protein (CP) concentrate in eight 2×2 Latin squares. In experiment 2, four cows were offered a low (112 g/kg DM) or a high (334 g/kg DM) CP content of concentrate at a low (3·5 kg/day) or high (7 kg/day) concentrate level (CL) in a 4×4 Latin-square design.CP of concentrate did not influence the proportion of grass silage to maize silage eaten in either experiment. Also, neither ML of cows (experiment 1) nor CL (experiment 2) affected proportions of the two silages eaten. The mean proportions selected were 0·88:0·12 and 0·52:0·48 for grass and maize silages in experiments 1 and 2 respectively, which reflected differences between experiments in the digestibilities of the silages, and indicated that digestibility may be an important factor influencing the choice of silages.The CP, CL and ML treatments produced significant responses in silage and total DM intakes. Feeding behaviour studies showed the responses to CP were associated with differences in meal size, which is a function of duration of each meal and rate of intake. The number of meals taken per day was similar for all treatments and averaged 8·0 and 8·1 for experiments 1 and 2 respectively.It was concluded that whilst lactating cows modified their feeding behaviour in response to the diets available, there was no evidence they modified the proportions of the two silages selected in order to meet a target protein content in the total diet. It would appear therefore that other factors, of which digestibility may be important, have a higher priority in choice.

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Effects of the Supplementation of Lysophospholipids through Pelleted Total Mixed Rations on Blood Biochemical Parameters and Milk Production and Composition of Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Yuhua He ◽

Rongzhen Zhong ◽

Long Cheng ◽

Peihua You ◽

Yiyong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Control Diet ◽

Animal Health ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Dietary Treatments

Lysophospholipids (LPL), a new feed additive, were supplemented to a pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) of dairy cows to examine its effects on feed intake, production, and composition of milk and plasma biochemical parameters. Two dietary treatments included diets supplemented without (control diet; CON) or with LPL at a dose of 0.5 g/kg of pelleted TMR. Twelve multiparous, mid-lactation, Holstein cows (Bodyweight 730 ± 9.3 kg; 100 ± 6.0 days in milk) were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary treatments with a 42-day measurement period after a 14-day adaptation period. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Feed intake and milk yields were recorded daily, blood samples were collected fortnightly, and milk samples weekly. The results showed that the supplementation of LPL did not change feed dry matter intake, milk yields, and milk composition. However, it increased total protein and globulin and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and decreased total cholesterol in plasma. This study suggests that LPL may have beneficent effects in animal health but might be not a feasible feed additive to increase production for dairy cows fed a pelleted TMR.

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Effect of feeding formaldehyde- and heat-treated oil seed on milk yield and milk composition

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a97-112 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 693-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. M. Tymchuk ◽

G. R. Khorasani ◽

J. J. Kennelly

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Control Diet ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Canola Seed ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Formaldehyde Treatment

The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of formaldehyde-treated oil seed on milk composition, with particular emphasis on the fatty acid and protein composition of milk. Ground and heat-treated canola seed treatments were included for comparison purposes. Four early-lactation Holstein cows were assigned to four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were fed a control diet containing 60% concentrate, 20% alfalfa silage and 20% barley silage (DM basis). The concentrate portion was based on rolled barley, canola meal, and ground corn. Canola seed replaced barley and canola meal in the control diet at 5% on a DM basis. Dry matter intake (21.0 ± 0.1 kg d−1), milk yield (33.3 ± 1.57 kg d−1), milk component yield and milk protein and lactose percentages were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment. Cows fed untreated ground canola seed had lower (P < 0.05) milk fat percentage than cows fed the other treatments. The addition of untreated and heat-treated canola seed reduced palmitic acid (15%) and increased oleic acid (14%), but had no effect on linoleic and linolenic acid concentrations. Formaldehyde treatment resulted in a 76 and 123% increase in C18:2 and C18:3, respectively over the control diet, whereas untreated and heat-treated canola seed did not influence the concentration of these fatty acids. Effects of treatments on milk protein and non-protein nitrogen components were minor or nonexistent. Transfer efficiencies calculated for linoleic and linolenic acid indicated that formaldehyde treatment was efficacious in significantly reducing the extent of biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen. Key words: Canola seed, dietary fat, dairy cattle, milk composition

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae, used alone or in combination, as a feed supplement for beef and dairy cattle

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas95-060 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 405-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. Chiquette

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Aspergillus Oryzae ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Latin Square ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Bacterial Counts

The effects of addition of direct-fed microbials prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and Aspergillus oryzae (AO) to ruminant diets was examined in two experiments. Experiment 1 was designed to study the effects of microbial supplements on ruminal and total tract digestibility, ruminal fermentation, bacterial counts and bacterial colonization of fibrous feed, in eight ruminally cannulated steers. The steers were used in a factorial arrangement within a replicated, concurrently run 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were: (1) 60% rolled barley + 40% timothy hay (C); (2) C + 10 g head−1 d−1 of SC; (3) C + 3 g head−1 d−1 of AO fermentation extract; (4) C + 10 g head−1 d−1 of a mixture of SC and AO. In exp. 2, milk yield and composition were monitored following the addition of microbial supplements to the diets described above and fed to dairy cows. The addition of AO, alone or in combination with SC, stimulated (P < 0.10) ruminal fermentation with higher concentrations of acetate (P < 0.01), propionate (P = 0.07), and total VFA (P < 0.01) when sampled prior to feeding. Accordingly, ruminal pH was lower (P < 0.01) in animals receiving AO, alone or combined with SC. Aspergillus oryzae, when supplemented alone, tended (P > 0.10) to increase ruminal NH3-N concentration. These changes in ruminal fermentation did not affect DMI or ruminal and total tract digestibility. The addition of direct-fed microbials did not affect bacterial counts or bacterial colonization of roughage in the rumen. Milk yield, milk composition and feed intake were not affected by the addition of SC to the diet of dairy cows. However, supplementation of the diet with AO alone or in combination with SC increased (P < 0.05) the ratio of milk yield/DMI. Key words: Direct-fed microbials, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, ruminal fermentation, milk production, beef, dairy cattle

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