scholarly journals Production within the rumen and removal from the blood-stream of volatile fatty acids in sheep given a diet deficient in cobalt

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedeey R. Marston ◽  
Shirley H. Allex ◽  
R. M. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Oral Supplement

1. The production and metabolism of volatile fatty acids were studied in sheep offered a cobalt-deficient diet.2. The molar proportions of acetic (60%), propionic (26%) and butyric (14%) acids in the rumen fluids of sheep given the Co-deficient diet, but whose stores of vitamin B12 were adequate, were similar before and after administration of an oral supplement of Co.3. In pair-fed sheep, one member of which was vitamin B12-deficient and the other (control) treated with vitamin B12 parenterally, the concentrations after feeding of both total and individual volatile fatty acids in the blood tended to be higher in deficient than in control sheep.4. Following injection of the respective salts of individual volatile fatty acids into the blood-stream, formate clearance was apparently not affected, whereas that of acetate was slightly, and that of propionate very significantly, delayed in vitamin B12-deficient sheep compared with pair-fed control animals.5. Acetate metabolism was retarded in the presence of propionate; the effect was greater in deficient than in pair-fed control sheep.6. The hypothesis is advanced that it is the failure to metabolize propionate at the normal rate that leads to the progressive loss of appetite in vitamin B12-deficient sheep.

Effects of vitamin B12 deficiency on lipid metabolism of the rat liver and nervous system

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fehling ◽  
Margaretha JÄgerstad ◽  
B. Åkesson ◽  
J. Axelsson ◽  
A. Brun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
The Central Nervous System

1. Rats bred from vitamin B12-depleted dams were fed on a vitamin B12-deficient diet for 12–15 months and developed a severe vitamin B12 deficiency, as judged from methylmalonic acid excretion and tissue vitamin B12 levels at slaughter. Control rats were supplemented with vitamin B12 in the drinking-water.2. Neurological signs were recorded after 7 months but the motor nerve conduction velocities remained normal. Neuropathological examination revealed mild changes in the peripheral nerves but no changes in the central nervous system.3. The amounts of total lipids and phospholipids were normal, but in all examined tissues the proportions of pentadecanoate (C15 fatty acid) and heptadecanoate (C17 fatty acid) were considerably increased in vitamin B12 deficiency.4. 3H2O was incorporated to the same extent into the fatty acids of nervous tissue from vitamin B12-deficient and control rats after 48 h. Less 3H was found in the liver fatty acids of the vitamin B12-deficient rats.5. Neurological dysfunction can be demonstrated in the vitamin B12-deficient rat; the relation of the biochemical and neuropathological changes to the neurological signs needs further study.

Effects of glucose and volatile fatty acids on blood ghrelin concentrations in calves before and after weaning1

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (13) ◽  
pp. 4839-4845 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fukumori ◽  
T. Mita ◽  
T. Sugino ◽  
Y. Hasegawa ◽  
M. Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Ruminal acidosis in local bucks fed on al-zahdydates

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Laiby A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Ruminal acidosis was induced experimentally in local bucks fed onAL-zahdy dates at 20 and 40 g/kg B.W. daily. Two groups of five animalseach beside another group of five animals as a control reseved 20g/kg B.W.of concentrates beside green roughage. One animal from each group wassurgically provided with ruminal fistula. The experiments lasted for fourweeks during which the animals examined clinically daily, and ruminal fluidand blood samples were collected weekly.The results showed that theanimals in the two experimental groups show significant rise in the means ofrespiratory and pulse rates,but not in body temperature.The ruminalcontractions ranged between weak and reduced in the 1st experiment totemporary loss of contractions in the 2nd experiment. All experimental goatsmanifested weakness, depression, loss of appetite, however, temporaryrecumbency was noticed in the goats of the 2nd experiment. The color of theruminal fluid was light to dark green in the control group while theexperimental groups showed light to dark brown color .The pH reached it'slowest levels, and the number and activity of the microflor altered afteramount of feeding on dates in the experimental groups to become reduced ordead after six and five hours respectively. The positive to negative bacterialratio changed in the experimental groups. The level of volatile fatty acids,lactic acid concentrations and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen increased.Also the experimental animals showed biochemical changes in all bloodparameters. Feeding of bucks on 20 g/kg B.W.of Al-Zahdy dates dailycaused a simple form of ruminal acidosis, while 40 g/kg B.W.of dates dailycaused the subacute form of acidosis.

Effects of Feed Withdrawal and Transport on Cecal Environment and Campylobacter Concentrations in a Swine Surgical Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER B. HARVEY ◽  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
COLIN R. YOUNG ◽  
M. MICHAEL SWINDLE ◽  
KENNETH J. GENOVESE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cecal Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Surgical Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Safety Considerations

The objective of the present study was to evaluate how feed withdrawal and transportation influenced the cecal environment and cecal populations of Campylobacter in swine. Four miniature Yucatan gilts (8.8 kg), naturally infected with Campylobacter jejuni, were surgically implanted with cecal cannulas. The gilts were fasted for 48 h. Samples of cecal contents were collected for 7 days prior to and for 7 days after the fast, and mean values were determined for pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and CFU enumeration of C. jejuni. This was replicated three times. In another trial, gilts (full-fed) were transported in a livestock trailer for 4 h and cecal samples were collected before and after transport and analyzed for pH, VFA, and CFU. Following a 48-h fast, cecal pH increased (P < 0.05) by 1 unit; acetic and propionic acids decreased (P < 0.05) by 61% and 71%, respectively; and there was a twofold log10 increase (P < 0.05) in CFU/g cecal content of C. jejuni. Values of pH, VFA, and CFU of C. jejuni did not change in cecal samples from gilts following transportation. These data are important for food safety considerations because feed withdrawal, commonly associated with shipping and slaughter, can increase Campylobacter concentrations in the pig intestinal tract.

Efficacy of a 28-Day Oral Cyanocobalamin Supplementation on Vitamin B Status in Spanish Institutionalized Elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albers ◽  
Pedrero-Chamizo ◽  
Meléndez ◽  
Pietrzik ◽  
J. Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cobalamin Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Oral Supplement

Background: Cobalamin deficiency is a common problem in the elderly. There is no consensus about adequate doses for supplementation. Subjects/Methods: We performed an intervention study in order to establish the efficacy of a supplement providing 500 µg cyanocobalamin for four weeks in sixty-four institutionalized elderly residents, over 60 years of age, in Madrid (Spain). Before and after treatment, concentrations of serum cobalamin, serum holotranscobalamin, serum total homocysteine, and serum and red blood cell folate were analyzed. Clusters were built according to the initial cobalamin status and differences in the effect of supplementation were checked using a general linear model for repeated measures. Results: Cobalamin and holotranscobalamin increased highly significantly from 308 to 558 pmol/L and from 54 to 96 pmol/L (p < 0.001) in the whole study group as well as in each subgroup (clustered by initial cobalamin levels, all p < 0.01), with the highest relative change in the subgroup with the lowest initial cobalamin values. Total homocysteine decreased from 15 to 13 µmol/l, p < 0.001). Only the change of cobalamin (F = 4.61, p < 0.01), but not of holotranscobalamin nor total homocysteine, depended on the initial serum cobalamin status. Conclusions: A supplementation with an oral supplement solution of 500 µg cyanocobalamin daily for only four weeks, a shorter period than that found in former studies, may be considered suitable in institutionalized elderly.

Characteristics of volatile fatty acids in stored dairy manure before and after anaerobic digestion

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura H. Page ◽  
Ji-Qin Ni ◽  
Albert J. Heber ◽  
Nathan S. Mosier ◽  
Xingya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals The requirement of sheep for cobalt or for vitamin B12

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Marston
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

1. Sheep confined topens and given a cobalt-deficient ration which supplied about 30μgCo/d required for maintenance of normal growth rate a Co supplement approaching 40 μg administered per os daily; for maintenance of what appeared, under the conditions of the experiments described, to be the maximum vitamin B12 status of a sheep, namely 3 ng vitamin B12/ml serum and 1.4 μg vitamin B12/g liver tissue, a supplement of between 0.5 and 1.0 mg Co/d per os was necessary.2. For maintenance of normal growth rate the minimum daily requirement for vitamin B12 of sheep given the Co-deficient diet was about 11μg: about 5 μg absorbed from the gut and about 6 μg injected parenterally.3. Extrapolation of the linear regression obtained by plotting the amount of vitamin B12injected/d against concentration of vitamin B12 in the liver tissue of a sheep indicated that to attain a concentration of 1.4 μg vitamin B12/g liver (wet weight) injection of 34 μg vitamin B12/d was necessary.4. Comparison of the relative effects on body-weight of the administration of 100 μg vitamin B12/dper os and 3.12 μg vitamin B12/d by injection to sheep given the Co-deficient diet indicated that the efficiency of absorption of the vitamin from the gut was < 3%.5. Loss of appetite, the first symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency to appear in the sheep, occurred when the concentration of vitamin B12 in the liver was reduced to about 0.1 μg/g wet weight.6. In sheep given a supplement of 1 mg Co/d per os neither production in the rumen nor absorption from the gut but rather capacity for storage limited the concentration of vitamin B12 in the liver.7. Following treatment to restore the vitamin B12 status of a sheep whose stores of the vitamin had been depleted, there was a linear negative correlation between the increase in the concentration of vitamin B12 in the liver and the concentration prior to treatment.8. Following withdrawal of treatment from a sheep whose stores of vitamin B12 were adequate, there was a linear positive correlation between the rate of depletion of vitamin B12 from the liver and the concentration prior to cessation of treatment.9. The concentrations of vitamin B12 in the serums of sheep given the Co-deficient diet, and given a supplement of 1 mg Co/d per os 0.5 h after feeding, remained relatively stable over the period 0–7 h after feeding; maximum concentration occurred 7–8 h after feeding.10. Under the conditions of the experiments described a significant linear regression existed between concentration of vitamin B12 in the liver of a sheep and the logarithm of the concentration in the serum.

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